Effects of Physical Activity Level and Sedentary Behavior on the Musculoskeletal System in Young Adults

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 5, 637 - 649, 31.10.2024

Hilal Telli , Filiz Özel Çakır

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1424221

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in young adults aged 18-35 and to evaluate the effects of this relationship on musculoskeletal pain, posture, muscle shortness, and trunk muscle endurance.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university between March 2018 and August 2018, 219 students were included. Data were obtained by using the case report form which determines the demographic characteristics and sedentary behavior of the students, The International Physical Activity Index - short form, posture analysis form, muscle shortness evaluation form, and trunk muscle endurance evaluation form.
Results: In the study, 66.2% of patients were female and 33.8% were male. In the evaluation of physical activity level, the ratio of highly active individuals in males, and inactive and insufficiently active individuals in females was significantly higher (p <0.05). Musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher in inactive and insufficiently active individuals (p<0.001). A negative correlation existed between physical activity level and pain frequency, duration, and scores (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between trunk endurance tests and physical activity and exercise participation. Non-exercisers showed shortening of lumbar extensor muscles and gastrosoleus, with increased thoracic kyphosis (p<0.05). Daily sitting time correlated positively with elbow, wrist, and knee pain, and lumbar lordosis (p<0.05). Those spending more time at the computer experienced higher levels of head-neck and elbow pain, pain duration, muscle shortness, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder protraction, and anterior head tilt (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In young adults, increasing physical activity and reducing daily sitting time are necessary to prevent musculoskeletal pain and reduce postural deformities.
Keywords: Musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal pain, physical exertion, posture, sedentary behavior, trunk muscular endurance, young adult.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal pain, physical exertion, posture, sedentary behavior, trunk muscular endurance, young adult

Etik Beyan

The research was approved by an ethics committee (Non-interventional Clinical Researches Ethics Committee of a University, decision no 13948 dated 09/10/2018).

Genç Erişkinlerde Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ve Sedanter Davranişin Kas İskelet Sistemi Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı 18-35 yaş arası genç erişkinlerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile sedanter davranış arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak ve bu ilişkinin kas-iskelet sistemi ağrısı, postür, kas kısalığı ve gövde kas dayanıklılığı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntemler: Bir üniversitenin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi'nde Mart 2018 ile Ağustos 2018 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen bu kesitsel tanımlayıcı çalışmaya 219 öğrenci dahil edildi. Veriler, öğrencilerin demografik özelliklerini ve sedanter davranışlarını belirleyen vaka bildirim formu, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite İndeksi-kısa formu, duruş analiz formu, kas kısalığı değerlendirme formu ve gövde kas dayanıklılığı değerlendirme formu kullanılarak elde edildi.
Bulgular: Araştırmada hastaların %66,2'si kadın, %33,8'i erkekti. Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi değerlendirmesinde erkeklerde çok aktif olanların oranı, kadınlarda ise inaktif ve yetersiz aktif olanların oranı anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0,05). Kas-iskelet ağrısı, inaktif ve yetersiz aktif bireylerde anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Fiziksel aktivite seviyesi ile ağrı sıklığı, süresi ve skorları arasında negatif bir korelasyon vardı (p<0,001). Gövde dayanıklılık testleri ile fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz katılımı arasında pozitif bir korelasyon vardı. Egzersiz yapmayanlarda lomber ekstansör kaslar ve gastrosoleus kısalırken, torasik kifoz arttı (p<0,05). Günlük oturma süresi dirsek, bilek ve diz ağrısı ve lomber lordoz ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (p<0,05). Bilgisayar başında daha fazla zaman geçirenlerde baş-boyun ve dirsek ağrısı, ağrı süresi, kas kısalığı, torasik kifoz, omuz protraksiyonu ve başın öne eğilmesi daha yüksek oranda görüldü (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Genç erişkinlerde kas-iskelet ağrılarının önlenmesi ve postüral deformitelerin azaltılması için fiziksel aktivitenin artırılması ve günlük oturma süresinin azaltılması gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kas-iskelet sistemi hastalıkları, kas-iskelet sistemi ağrıları, fiziksel efor, duruş, sedanter davranış, gövde kas dayanıklılığı, genç erişkin

Kaynakça

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