Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Intelligent packaging and applications in the food industry

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 30, 57 - 68, 21.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.56833/gidaveyem.1329885

Öz

Objective: Food packaging fulfills basic functions such as protection of quality, and protection from environmental, physical, and microbiological factors. Recently, with the changing in consumer preferences and expectations, the role of packaging has gone beyond its basic function. Innovations in food packaging systems and smart packaging solutions help bring safer and higher-quality food products to the market. In addition, new developments have enabled the development of intelligent (smart) packaging systems with the development of interactive packaging systems. These systems act as quality indicators to ensure food safety and are generally classified as direct (humidity, time-temperature, freshness, and biosensor) or passive (traceability and monitoring) indicators.
Conclusion: Current developments in smart packaging systems and commercial applications are evaluated and smart packaging systems are integrated with food applications about the shelf life of packaged foods, it will be possible for consumers to be informed about the quality of foodstuffs and to further reduce food waste.

Kaynakça

  • Anaza, S.O., Abdulazeez, M.S., Anugboba, I., Anako, S.I., ve Abdullahi, K.U. (2016). A review of radio frequency identification (RFID) system. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 4(4), 79-86.
  • Anonim, 2021. The indicator. https://www.tempix.com/the-indicator. (Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2021).
  • Anonim, 2022. Components of RFID technology and applications. https://www.rfpage.com/components-of-rfid-technology-and-applications/ (Erişim tarihi:15.04.2022).
  • Bhargava, N., Sharanagat, V.S., Mor, R.S., ve Kumar, K. (2020). Active and intelligent biodegradable packaging films using food and food waste-derived bioactive compounds: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 105, 385-401.
  • Bibi, F., Guillaume, C., Gontard, N., ve Sorli, B. (2017). A review: Rfid technology having sensing aptitudes for food industry and their contribution to tracking and monitoring of food products. Trends in Food Science & Technology 62, 91-103.
  • Biji, K.B., Ravishankar, C.N., Mohan, C.O., ve Srinivasa Gopal, T.K. (2015). Smart packaging systems for food applications: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52(10), 6125-6135.
  • Brizio, A.P.D.R., ve Prentice, C. (2015a). Development of Aa new time temperature indicator for enzymatic validation of pasteurization of meat products. Journal of Food Science, 80(6), M1271-1276.
  • Brizio, A.P.D.R., ve Prentice, C. (2015b). Development of an intelligent enzyme indicator for dynamic monitoring of the shelf-life of food products. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 30, 208-217.
  • Chen, S., Brahma, S., Mackay, J., Cao, C., ve Aliakbarian, B. (2020). The role of smart packaging system in food supply chain. Journal of Food Science 85(3), 517-525.
  • Choi, D.Y., Jung, S.W., Kim, T.J., ve Lee, S.J. (2014). A prototype of time temperature integrator (TTI) with microbeads-entrapped microorganisms maintained at a constant concentration. Journal of Food Engineering 120, 118-123.
  • Chowdhury, E.U., ve Morey, A. (2019). Intelligent packaging for poultry industry. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 28(4), 791-800.
  • Coma, V. (2008). Bioactive packaging technologies for extended shelf life of meat-based products. Meat Science 78(1-2), 90-103.
  • Drago, E., Campardelli, R., Pettinato, M., ve Perego, P. (2020). Innovations in smart packaging concepts for food: An extensive review. Foods 9(11).
  • Ellouze, M., ve Augustin, J.C. (2010). Applicability of biological time temperature integrators as quality and safety indicators for meat products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 138(1-2), 119-129.
  • Ezati, P., Tajik, H., Moradi, M., ve Molaei, R. (2019). Intelligent ph-sensitive indicator based on starch-cellulose and alizarin dye to track freshness of rainbow trout fillet. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 132, 157-165.
  • Fuertes, G., Soto, I., Carrasco, R., Vargas, M., Sabattin, J., ve Lagos, C. (2016). Intelligent packaging systems: Sensors and nanosensors to monitor food quality and safety. Journal of Sensors 1-8.
  • Ghaani, M., Cozzolino, C.A., Castelli, G., ve Farris, S. (2016). An overview of the intelligent packaging technologies in the food sector. Trends in Food Science & Technology 51, 1-11.
  • Ghoshal, G. (2018). Recent trends in active, smart, and intelligent packaging for food products. In: Food packaging and preservation Grumezescu, A.M. and Holban, A.M. (Eds.), Academic Press, pp. 343-374.
  • Han, J.W., Ruiz-Garcia, L., Qian, J.P., ve Yang, X.T. (2018). Food packaging: A comprehensive review and future trends. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 17(4), 860-877.
  • Jaiswal, R.K., Mendiratta, S.K., Talukder, S., Soni, A., ve Saini, B.L. (2018). Enzymatic time temperature indicators: A review. The Pharma Innovation Journal 7(10), 643-647.
  • Janjarasskul, T., ve Suppakul, P. (2018). Active and intelligent packaging: The indication of quality and safety. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 58(5), 808-831.
  • Kalpana, S., Priyadarshini, S.R., Maria Leena, M., Moses, J.A., ve Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2019). Intelligent packaging: Trends and applications in food systems. Trends in Food Science & Technology 93, 145-157.
  • Kaur, S., ve Puri, D. (2017). Active and intelligent packaging: A boon to food packaging. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 2, 15-18.
  • Kreyenschmidt, J., Christiansen, H., Hübner, A., Raab, V., ve Petersen, B. (2010). A novel photochromic time-temperature indicator to support cold chain management. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 45(2), 208-215.
  • Kuswandi, B., Wicaksono, Y., Jayus, Abdullah, A., Heng, L.Y., ve Ahmad, M. (2011). Smart packaging: Sensors for monitoring of food quality and safety. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 5(3-4), 137-146.
  • Lee, E.S., Park, S.Y., ve Ha, S.D. (2019). Application of combined uv-c light and ethanol treatment for the reduction of pathogenic escherichia coli and bacillus cereus on gwamegi (semidried pacific saury). Journal of Food Safety, 1-9.
  • Lu, L., Zheng, W., Lv, Z., ve Tang, Y. (2013). Development and application of time-temperature indicators used on food during the cold chain logistics. Packaging Technology and Science 26, 80-90.
  • Manjunath, B.J. (2018). Time temperature indicators for monitoring environment parameters during transport and storage of perishables: A review. Environment Conservation Journal 19(3), 101-106.
  • Maqsoudlou, A., Sadeghi Mahoonak, A., Mora, L., Mohebodini, H., Ghorbani, M., ve Toldrá, F. (2019). Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of pollen protein as promising tool for production of potential bioactive peptides. Journal of Food Biochemistry, e12819.
  • Mendoza, T.F., Welt, B.A., Otwell, S., Teixeira, A.A., Kristonsson, H., ve Balaban, M.O. (2004). Kinetic parameter estimation of time-temperature integrators intended for use with packaged fresh seafood. Journal of Food Science 69, FMS90-96.
  • Moradi, M., Tajik, H., Almasi, H., Forough, M., ve Ezati, P. (2019). A novel pH-sensing indicator based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers and black carrot anthocyanins for monitoring fish freshness. Carbohydrate Polymers 222, 115030.
  • Muller, P., ve Schmid, M. (2019). Intelligent packaging in the food sector: A brief overview. Foods 8(1).
  • Mustafa, F., ve Andreescu, S. (2018). Chemical and biological sensors for food-quality monitoring and smart packaging. Foods 7(10).
  • Pavelková, A. (2013). Time temperature indicators as devices intelligent packaging. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61(1), 245-251.
  • Peker, Y., ve Caner, C. (2006). Gıdaların etiketlenmesi ve çizgi kod sistemi (barkod). Akademik Gıda 4(21), 37-41.
  • Pereira de Abreu, D.A., Cruz, J.M., ve Paseiro Losada, P. (2012). Active and intelligent packaging for the food industry. Food Reviews International 28(2), 146-187.
  • Pocąs, M. (2001). Innovations in intelligent packaging technologies for perishable foods. In: Novel processes and control technologies in the food industry, Bozoglu, F., Deak, T. and Ray, B. (Eds.), NATO ScienceSeries, IOS Press, Netherlands.
  • Prasad, P., ve Kochhar, A. (2014). Active packaging in food industry: A review. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8(III), 1-7.
  • Realini, C.E., ve Marcos, B. (2014). Active and intelligent packaging systems for a modern society. Meat Science 98(3), 404-419.
  • Rukchon, C., Nopwinyuwong, A., Trevanich, S., Jinkarn, T., ve Suppakul, P. (2014). Development of a food spoilage indicator for monitoring freshness of skinless chicken breast. Talanta 130, 547-554.
  • Sadeghi, K., Lee, Y., ve Seo, J. (2019). Ethylene scavenging systems in packaging of fresh produce: A review. Food Reviews International 37(2), 155-176.
  • Saleem, H., Khan, M.Z.A., ve Afzal, S. (2012). Review of various aspects of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE) 8(1), 01-06.
  • Sharrock, K.R. (2012). Advances in freshness and safety indicators in food and beverage packaging. Emerging food packaging technologies (pp. 175-197).
  • Soltani-Firouz, M., Mohi-Alden, K., ve Omid, M. (2021). A critical review on intelligent and active packaging in the food industry: Research and development. Food Research International 141, 110113.
  • Taoukis, P., ve Tsironi, T. (2016). Smart packaging for monitoring and managing food and beverage shelf life. The stability and shelf life of food (pp. 141-168).
  • Taoukis, P.S. (2008). Application of time–temperature integrators for monitoring and management of perishable product quality in the cold chain. Smart packaging technologies for fast moving consumer goods (pp. 61-74).
  • Taoukis, P.S., ve Labuza, T.P. (2003). Time-temperature indicators (TTI). In: Novel food packaging techniques, Ahvenainen, R. (Ed.), Woodhead Publishing Limited, CRC Press LLC, Cambridge, UK, pp. 103-126
  • Tsironi, T., Gogou, E., Velliou, E., ve Taoukis, P.S. (2008). Application and validation of the tti based chill chain management system smas (safety monitoring and assurance system) on shelf life optimization of vacuum packed chilled tuna. International Journal of Food Microbiology 128(1), 108-115.
  • Varlet-Grancher, X., 2006. Time temperature indicator (TTI) system, Patent.
  • Wang, L., Wu, Z., ve Cao, C. (2019). Technologies and fabrication of intelligent packaging for perishable products. Applied Sciences 9(22).
  • Wang, S., Liu, X., Yang, M., Zhang, Y., Xiang, K., ve Tang, R. (2015). Review of time temperature indicators as quality monitors in food packaging. Packaging Technology and Science 28(10), 839-867.
  • Wu, D., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Ye, X., Wu, Q., Liu, D., ve Ding, T. (2013). Preliminary study on time–temperature indicator (tti) system based on urease. Food Control 34(1), 230-234.
  • Yam, K. L. (2012). Intelligent packaging to enhance food safety and quality. Emerging food packaging technologies (pp. 137-152).

Gıda sanayiinde akıllı ambalajlama ve uygulamaları

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 30, 57 - 68, 21.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.56833/gidaveyem.1329885

Öz

Amaç: Gıdaların ambalajlanması; kalitenin korunması, çevresel, fiziksel ve mikrobiyolojik faktörlerden koruma gibi temel işlevleri yerine getirmektedir. Son zamanlarda, değişen tüketici tercihleri ve beklentileri ile ambalajın rolü temel işlevinin de ötesine geçmiştir. Gıda ambalajlama sistemlerindeki yenilikler ve akıllı ambalajlama çözümleri daha güvenli ve yüksek kaliteli gıda ürünlerinin piyasaya sunulmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Ayrıca yeni gelişmeler etkileşimli ambalajlama sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi ile akıllı ambalajlama sistemlerinin daha da gelişmesine imkân tanımıştır. Bu sistemler, gıda güvenliğini sağlamak için kalite göstergeleri görevi görmekte ve genel olarak doğrudan (nem, zaman-sıcaklık, tazelik ve biyosensör) veya pasif (izlenebilirlik ve izleme) göstergeler olarak sınıflandırılmaktadırlar.
Sonuç: Bu derlemede akıllı ambalajlama sistemlerindeki güncel gelişmeler ve ticari uygulamalar değerlendirilmiştir. Akıllı ambalajlama sistemleri ile tüketicilerin ambalajlı gıdaların güvenliği ve raf ömrü hakkında bilgi edinmeleri sağlanmaktadır. Ayrıca akıllı ambalajlama sistemleri, küresel gıda israfının ve kaybının azaltılmasına katkı sunan yeni bir yaklaşımdır.

Kaynakça

  • Anaza, S.O., Abdulazeez, M.S., Anugboba, I., Anako, S.I., ve Abdullahi, K.U. (2016). A review of radio frequency identification (RFID) system. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 4(4), 79-86.
  • Anonim, 2021. The indicator. https://www.tempix.com/the-indicator. (Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2021).
  • Anonim, 2022. Components of RFID technology and applications. https://www.rfpage.com/components-of-rfid-technology-and-applications/ (Erişim tarihi:15.04.2022).
  • Bhargava, N., Sharanagat, V.S., Mor, R.S., ve Kumar, K. (2020). Active and intelligent biodegradable packaging films using food and food waste-derived bioactive compounds: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 105, 385-401.
  • Bibi, F., Guillaume, C., Gontard, N., ve Sorli, B. (2017). A review: Rfid technology having sensing aptitudes for food industry and their contribution to tracking and monitoring of food products. Trends in Food Science & Technology 62, 91-103.
  • Biji, K.B., Ravishankar, C.N., Mohan, C.O., ve Srinivasa Gopal, T.K. (2015). Smart packaging systems for food applications: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52(10), 6125-6135.
  • Brizio, A.P.D.R., ve Prentice, C. (2015a). Development of Aa new time temperature indicator for enzymatic validation of pasteurization of meat products. Journal of Food Science, 80(6), M1271-1276.
  • Brizio, A.P.D.R., ve Prentice, C. (2015b). Development of an intelligent enzyme indicator for dynamic monitoring of the shelf-life of food products. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 30, 208-217.
  • Chen, S., Brahma, S., Mackay, J., Cao, C., ve Aliakbarian, B. (2020). The role of smart packaging system in food supply chain. Journal of Food Science 85(3), 517-525.
  • Choi, D.Y., Jung, S.W., Kim, T.J., ve Lee, S.J. (2014). A prototype of time temperature integrator (TTI) with microbeads-entrapped microorganisms maintained at a constant concentration. Journal of Food Engineering 120, 118-123.
  • Chowdhury, E.U., ve Morey, A. (2019). Intelligent packaging for poultry industry. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 28(4), 791-800.
  • Coma, V. (2008). Bioactive packaging technologies for extended shelf life of meat-based products. Meat Science 78(1-2), 90-103.
  • Drago, E., Campardelli, R., Pettinato, M., ve Perego, P. (2020). Innovations in smart packaging concepts for food: An extensive review. Foods 9(11).
  • Ellouze, M., ve Augustin, J.C. (2010). Applicability of biological time temperature integrators as quality and safety indicators for meat products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 138(1-2), 119-129.
  • Ezati, P., Tajik, H., Moradi, M., ve Molaei, R. (2019). Intelligent ph-sensitive indicator based on starch-cellulose and alizarin dye to track freshness of rainbow trout fillet. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 132, 157-165.
  • Fuertes, G., Soto, I., Carrasco, R., Vargas, M., Sabattin, J., ve Lagos, C. (2016). Intelligent packaging systems: Sensors and nanosensors to monitor food quality and safety. Journal of Sensors 1-8.
  • Ghaani, M., Cozzolino, C.A., Castelli, G., ve Farris, S. (2016). An overview of the intelligent packaging technologies in the food sector. Trends in Food Science & Technology 51, 1-11.
  • Ghoshal, G. (2018). Recent trends in active, smart, and intelligent packaging for food products. In: Food packaging and preservation Grumezescu, A.M. and Holban, A.M. (Eds.), Academic Press, pp. 343-374.
  • Han, J.W., Ruiz-Garcia, L., Qian, J.P., ve Yang, X.T. (2018). Food packaging: A comprehensive review and future trends. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 17(4), 860-877.
  • Jaiswal, R.K., Mendiratta, S.K., Talukder, S., Soni, A., ve Saini, B.L. (2018). Enzymatic time temperature indicators: A review. The Pharma Innovation Journal 7(10), 643-647.
  • Janjarasskul, T., ve Suppakul, P. (2018). Active and intelligent packaging: The indication of quality and safety. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 58(5), 808-831.
  • Kalpana, S., Priyadarshini, S.R., Maria Leena, M., Moses, J.A., ve Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2019). Intelligent packaging: Trends and applications in food systems. Trends in Food Science & Technology 93, 145-157.
  • Kaur, S., ve Puri, D. (2017). Active and intelligent packaging: A boon to food packaging. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 2, 15-18.
  • Kreyenschmidt, J., Christiansen, H., Hübner, A., Raab, V., ve Petersen, B. (2010). A novel photochromic time-temperature indicator to support cold chain management. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 45(2), 208-215.
  • Kuswandi, B., Wicaksono, Y., Jayus, Abdullah, A., Heng, L.Y., ve Ahmad, M. (2011). Smart packaging: Sensors for monitoring of food quality and safety. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 5(3-4), 137-146.
  • Lee, E.S., Park, S.Y., ve Ha, S.D. (2019). Application of combined uv-c light and ethanol treatment for the reduction of pathogenic escherichia coli and bacillus cereus on gwamegi (semidried pacific saury). Journal of Food Safety, 1-9.
  • Lu, L., Zheng, W., Lv, Z., ve Tang, Y. (2013). Development and application of time-temperature indicators used on food during the cold chain logistics. Packaging Technology and Science 26, 80-90.
  • Manjunath, B.J. (2018). Time temperature indicators for monitoring environment parameters during transport and storage of perishables: A review. Environment Conservation Journal 19(3), 101-106.
  • Maqsoudlou, A., Sadeghi Mahoonak, A., Mora, L., Mohebodini, H., Ghorbani, M., ve Toldrá, F. (2019). Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of pollen protein as promising tool for production of potential bioactive peptides. Journal of Food Biochemistry, e12819.
  • Mendoza, T.F., Welt, B.A., Otwell, S., Teixeira, A.A., Kristonsson, H., ve Balaban, M.O. (2004). Kinetic parameter estimation of time-temperature integrators intended for use with packaged fresh seafood. Journal of Food Science 69, FMS90-96.
  • Moradi, M., Tajik, H., Almasi, H., Forough, M., ve Ezati, P. (2019). A novel pH-sensing indicator based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers and black carrot anthocyanins for monitoring fish freshness. Carbohydrate Polymers 222, 115030.
  • Muller, P., ve Schmid, M. (2019). Intelligent packaging in the food sector: A brief overview. Foods 8(1).
  • Mustafa, F., ve Andreescu, S. (2018). Chemical and biological sensors for food-quality monitoring and smart packaging. Foods 7(10).
  • Pavelková, A. (2013). Time temperature indicators as devices intelligent packaging. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61(1), 245-251.
  • Peker, Y., ve Caner, C. (2006). Gıdaların etiketlenmesi ve çizgi kod sistemi (barkod). Akademik Gıda 4(21), 37-41.
  • Pereira de Abreu, D.A., Cruz, J.M., ve Paseiro Losada, P. (2012). Active and intelligent packaging for the food industry. Food Reviews International 28(2), 146-187.
  • Pocąs, M. (2001). Innovations in intelligent packaging technologies for perishable foods. In: Novel processes and control technologies in the food industry, Bozoglu, F., Deak, T. and Ray, B. (Eds.), NATO ScienceSeries, IOS Press, Netherlands.
  • Prasad, P., ve Kochhar, A. (2014). Active packaging in food industry: A review. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8(III), 1-7.
  • Realini, C.E., ve Marcos, B. (2014). Active and intelligent packaging systems for a modern society. Meat Science 98(3), 404-419.
  • Rukchon, C., Nopwinyuwong, A., Trevanich, S., Jinkarn, T., ve Suppakul, P. (2014). Development of a food spoilage indicator for monitoring freshness of skinless chicken breast. Talanta 130, 547-554.
  • Sadeghi, K., Lee, Y., ve Seo, J. (2019). Ethylene scavenging systems in packaging of fresh produce: A review. Food Reviews International 37(2), 155-176.
  • Saleem, H., Khan, M.Z.A., ve Afzal, S. (2012). Review of various aspects of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE) 8(1), 01-06.
  • Sharrock, K.R. (2012). Advances in freshness and safety indicators in food and beverage packaging. Emerging food packaging technologies (pp. 175-197).
  • Soltani-Firouz, M., Mohi-Alden, K., ve Omid, M. (2021). A critical review on intelligent and active packaging in the food industry: Research and development. Food Research International 141, 110113.
  • Taoukis, P., ve Tsironi, T. (2016). Smart packaging for monitoring and managing food and beverage shelf life. The stability and shelf life of food (pp. 141-168).
  • Taoukis, P.S. (2008). Application of time–temperature integrators for monitoring and management of perishable product quality in the cold chain. Smart packaging technologies for fast moving consumer goods (pp. 61-74).
  • Taoukis, P.S., ve Labuza, T.P. (2003). Time-temperature indicators (TTI). In: Novel food packaging techniques, Ahvenainen, R. (Ed.), Woodhead Publishing Limited, CRC Press LLC, Cambridge, UK, pp. 103-126
  • Tsironi, T., Gogou, E., Velliou, E., ve Taoukis, P.S. (2008). Application and validation of the tti based chill chain management system smas (safety monitoring and assurance system) on shelf life optimization of vacuum packed chilled tuna. International Journal of Food Microbiology 128(1), 108-115.
  • Varlet-Grancher, X., 2006. Time temperature indicator (TTI) system, Patent.
  • Wang, L., Wu, Z., ve Cao, C. (2019). Technologies and fabrication of intelligent packaging for perishable products. Applied Sciences 9(22).
  • Wang, S., Liu, X., Yang, M., Zhang, Y., Xiang, K., ve Tang, R. (2015). Review of time temperature indicators as quality monitors in food packaging. Packaging Technology and Science 28(10), 839-867.
  • Wu, D., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Ye, X., Wu, Q., Liu, D., ve Ding, T. (2013). Preliminary study on time–temperature indicator (tti) system based on urease. Food Control 34(1), 230-234.
  • Yam, K. L. (2012). Intelligent packaging to enhance food safety and quality. Emerging food packaging technologies (pp. 137-152).
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhammet Yüceer 0000-0001-6709-1347

Cengiz Caner Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8293-7301

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 30

Kaynak Göster

APA Yüceer, M., & Caner, C. (2023). Gıda sanayiinde akıllı ambalajlama ve uygulamaları. Gıda Ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi(30), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.56833/gidaveyem.1329885

by-nc-nd.png?resize=300%2C105&ssl=1
Gıda ve Yem Bilimi-Teknolojisi Dergisi  CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 lisansı altında lisanslanmıştır
 Journal of Food and Feed Science-Technology is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0