Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Yetiştirilen Bazı Elma (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Çeşitlerinin Şeker ve Biyokimyasal İçerikleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 129 - 135, 31.12.2022

Mehmet Fikret Balta , Orhan Karakaya , Mehmet Yaman , Hüseyın Kırkaya , İzzet Yaman

https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1113864

Cited By: 1

Öz

Türkiye, sahip olduğu farklı ekolojik koşullar nedeniyle çoğu meyve türünün ülke genelinde hem ekonomik hem de doğal olarak yayılış gösterdiği ender ülkelerden biridir. Ekonomik öneme sahip önemli meyve türlerinden biri olan elma üzerine yapılan bu çalışmada Samsun ili Çarşamba ilçesi ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen 4 farklı ticari elma çeşidinin renk özellikleri, biyokimyasal ve şeker içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini M9 klon anacı üzerine aşılı Granny Smith, Fuji, Galaxy Gala ve Royal Gala çeşitlerine ait 6-7 (2016 ve 2017) yaşındaki ağaçlar oluşturmuştur. Çeşitler arasında incelenen bütün parametrelerde geniş varyasyonlar oluşmuştur. Çeşitlerin fruktoz içeriği 14.22 (Royal Gala)-34.40 g 100 ml-1 (Fuji), glikoz içeriği 1.30 (Galaxy Gala)-4.34 g 100 ml-1 (Fuji) ve sukroz içeriği 2.01 (Fuji)-4.52 g 100 ml-1 (Granny Smith) arasında değişim göstermiştir. Toplam şeker içeriğinde en yüksek değer 40.75 g 100 ml-1 ile Fuji çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid ve antioksidan aktivitesi (DPPH ve FRAP) ise sırasıyla 423.7 mg 100 g-1 (Granny Smith), 96.1 mg 100 g-1 (Fuji), 250.8 µmol 100 g-1 (Granny Smith) ve 952.9 µmol 100 g-1 (Granny Smith) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Temel bileşen analizi sonuçlarına göre, 1. bileşen a*, b*, hue açısı, toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid ve antioksidan aktivite (DPPH ve FRAP) ile ilişkili olup, toplam varyasyonun %59.4’ünü açıklamıştır. 2. bileşen ise elde edilen verilerin toplam varyasyonunun %36.4’ünü açıklamış ve L*, kroma, glikoz, sukroz, fruktoz ve toplam şeker özellikleri ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, biyokimyasal özellikler bakımından Granny Smith, şeker içerikleri bakımından ise Fuji çeşidi kayda değer sonuçlar vermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların bu bölgede elma ile ilgili yapılacak araştırmalara yol gösterici nitelikte olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioksidan, çeşit, elma, fenolik, fruktoz, Antioksidan, çeşit, elma, fenolik, fruktoz

Sugar and Biochemical Composition of Some Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Cultivar Grown in the Middle Black Sea Region

Öz

Due to its different ecological conditions, Türkiye is one of the rare countries where the most of fruit species have spread widely throughout the country, both economically and naturally. In this study on apple, which is one of the important fruit species with economic importance, was aimed to determine the color characteristics, biochemical and sugar contents of 4 different commercial apple cultivars grown in the ecological conditions of Çarşamba district of Samsun province. The material of the study consisted of 6-7 years (2016 and 2017) old trees belonging to Granny Smith, Fuji, Galaxy Gala, and Royal Gala cultivars grafted on M9 clone rootstock. Wide variations occurred in all parameters evaluated in the study among the cultivars. The fructose content of the cultivars was from 14.22 (Royal Gala) to 34.40 g 100 ml-1 (Fuji), glucose content was from 1.30 (Galaxy Gala) to 4.34 g 100 ml-1 (Fuji), and sucrose content was varied from 2.01 (Fuji) to 4.52 g 100 ml-1 (Granny Smith). The highest value in total sugar content was determined in Fuji cultivar with 40.75 g 100 ml-1. The highest total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (according to DPPH and FRAP) were 423.7 mg 100 g-1 (Granny Smith), 96.1 mg 100 g-1 (Fuji), 250.8 µmol 100 g-1 (Granny Smith) and 952.9 µmol 100 g-1 (Granny Smith), respectively. In the principal component analysis results, the first component was associated with a*, b*, hue angle, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) and explained 59.4% of the total variation. The second component explained 36.4% of the total variation of the obtained data and was determined to be related to L*, chroma, glucose, sucrose, fructose, and total sugar properties. As a result, Granny Smith cultivar gave remarkable results in terms of biochemical properties and Fuji cultivar in terms of sugar content. It is thought that the results obtained may guide the researches to be made about apples in this region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant, cultivar, apple, phenolic, fructose

Kaynakça

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