Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances

Year 2025, Early View, 1 - 1

Yonca Yaman , Ecenur Kızılörenli , Ayça Tokuç

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1433809

Abstract

Efficient utilization of daylight and energy resources significantly influences the quality of indoor spaces, user comfort, and overall efficiency. This study presents a folding facade proposal through the design alternatives offered by kinetic architecture and parametric design to enhance efficiency. This alternative design method integrates and coordinates the design components simultaneously and makes any intervention easier when compared with traditional design methods. In this context, the method is based on computational models, aiming to find the most efficient design alternative by optimization. The proposed facade design specifically targets an indoor office space within a university. The modular system, integrated into existing windows, facilitates a folding movement. This dynamic feature aims to optimize illumination within the space, effectively controlling daylight without causing disruptions to users. Simultaneously, the design seeks to balance energy consumption and ensure thermal comfort. The results show that it provides a significant improvement over the base case. The proposed kinetic façade system improved indoor thermal comfort by 80.68-98.11% while slightly increasing energy use (4.72% at most). The average improvement in Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) is 34.98%. Although the number of solutions meeting LEED in terms of Annual Solar Exposure (ASE) is small, there is an average improvement of up to 64% compared to the base case. In conclusion, the proposed kinetic facade system proves to be a valuable intervention for enhancing the indoor environment of an office space at Dokuz Eylül University.

Keywords

Building performance Folding kinetic façade Indoor environment Shading devices Optimization

References

  • [1] de Paula, N., and Melhado, S., “Sustainability in management processes: case studies in architectural design firms”, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 24(4): (2018).
  • [2] Çıldır, A.S., Köktürk, G. and Tokuç, A., “Design approaches for retrofitting offices to reach nearly zero energy: A case study in the Mediterranean climate”, Energy for Sustainable Development, 58: 167-181, (2020).
  • [3] Karakoç, E., and Çağdaş, G., “Adaptive architecture based on environmental performance: An advanced intelligent façade (AIF) module”, Gazi University Journal of Science, 30: 630650, (2021).
  • [4] Çetintaş, K.F., and Yılmaz, Z., “Optimization of thermal insulation material and thickness for building energy efficiency in Mediterranean climates based on life cycle perspective”, A|Z ITU Journal of The Faculty of Architecture, 3(14): 99-112, (2017).
  • [5] Sghiouri, H., Mezrhab, A., Karkri, M., and Naji, H. “Shading devices optimization to enhance thermal comfort and energy performance of a residential building in Morocco”, Journal of Building Engineering, 18: 292-302, (2018).
  • [6] Loonen, R. C.G.M., Favoino, F., Hensen, J.L.M., and Overend, M, “Review of current status, requirements and opportunities for building performance simulation of adaptive facades”, Journal of Building Performance Simulation”, 10(2): 205–223, (2016).
  • [7] Fortmeyer, R., and Linn, C., “Kinetic architecture. Designs for active envelopes”, Mulgrave, Image, (2014).
  • [8] Addington, M., and Schodek, D., Smart materials and technologies in architecture, Routledge, (2012).
  • [9] Kolarevic, B., and Parlac, V., “Adaptive, Responsive Building Skins”, Building dynamics: exploring architecture of change”, Edited by B. Kolarevic and V. Parlac, Abingdon: Routledge, 69-88, (2015).
  • [10] Aelenei, D., Aelenei, L., and Vieira, C.P., “Adaptive Façade: concept, applications, research questions”, Energy Procedia, 9: 269-275, (2016).
  • [11] Loonen, R.C., Favoino, F., Hensen, J.L., and Overend, M., “Review of current status, requirements and opportunities for building performance simulation of adaptive facades”, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 10(2): 205-223, (2017).
  • [12] Hosseini, S.N., Hosseini, S.M., and HeiraniPour, M., “The Role of Orosi’s Islamic Geometric Patterns in the Building Façade Design for Improving Occupants’ Daylight Performance”, Journal of Daylighting, 7(2): 201-221, (2020).
  • [13] Fontoynont, M., “Daylight performance of buildings”, CRC Press, (2014).
  • [14] Schumacher, P., “Parametricism: A new global style for architecture and urban design”, Architectural Design, 79(4): 14-23, (2009).
  • [15] Rizi, R.A., and Eltaweel, A., “A user detective adaptive facade towards improving visual and thermal comfort”, Journal of Building Engineering, 33: 101554, (2021).
  • [16] Oxman, R., “Performance-based design: current practices and research issues”, International Journal of Architectural Computing, 6(1): 1-17, (2008).
  • [17] Zuidgeest, J., van der Burgh, S., and Kalmeyer, B., “Planning by parameters”, Architectural Design, 83(2): 92-95, (2008).
  • [18] Shafaghat, A., and Keyvanfar, A., “Dynamic façades design typologies, technologies, measurement techniques, and physical performances across thermal, optical, ventilation, and electricity generation outlooks”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167: 112647, (2022).
  • [19] Eltaweel, A., and Yuehong, S.U., “Parametric design and daylighting: A literature review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73: 1086-1103, (2017).
  • [20] Moesas, O.S., Alias, N.A., and Azlan, A., “Kinetic Façade Design to Enhance Daylight Performance for Office Building in Malaysia”, editors: Bin Meor Razali, A.M.M.F., Awang, M., Emamian, S.S., Advances in Civil Engineering Materials, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Springer, Singapore, 201-213, (2021).
  • [21] Le-Thanh L., Le-Duc T., Ngo H.M., Nguyen Q.H., and Nguyen-Xuan H., “Optimal design of an Origami-inspired kinetic façade by balancing composite motion optimization for improving daylight performance and energy efficiency”, Energy, 219: (2021).
  • [22] Tabadkani, A., Banihashemi, S., and Hosseini, M.R., “Daylighting and visual comfort of oriental sun responsive skins: a parametric analysis”, Building Simulation, 11(4): 663–676, (2018).
  • [23] Wagdy, A., Fathy, F., and Altomonte, S., “Evaluating the Daylighting Performance of Dynamic Façades by Using New Annual Climate-Based Metrics” Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Los Angeles, California, USA, (2016).
  • [24] Pérez-Carramiñana, C., González-Avilés, Á.B., Castilla, N., and Galiano-Garrigós, A., “Influence of Sun Shading Devices on Energy Efficiency, Thermal Comfort and Lighting Comfort in a Warm Semi-Arid Dry Mediterranean Climate”, Buildings, 14(2): 556, (2024).
  • [25] Elzeyadi, I., “The impacts of dynamic façade shading typologies on building energy performance and occupant’s multi-comfort”, Architectural Science Review, 60(4): 316–324, (2017).
  • [26] Hosseini, S.M., Mohammadi, M., Rosemann, A., Schro¨der, T., and Lichtenberg, J., "A morphological approach for kinetic facade design process to improve visual and thermal comfort: review", Building and Environment, 153: 186e204, (2019).
  • [27] Yao, J., “An investigation into the impact of movable solar shades on energy, indoor thermal and visual comfort improvements”, Building and Environment, 71: 24–32, (2014).
  • [28] Kızılörenli, E., and Maden, F., “Modular responsive facade proposals based on semi-regular and demi-regular tessellation: daylighting and visual comfort”, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 12(4): 601-612, (2023).
  • [29] da Silva, F.T., and Veras, J.C.G., “A design framework for a kinetic shading device system for building envelopes”, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 12(5): 837-854, (2023).
  • [30] Yarmahmoodi, Z., Nasr, T., and Moztarzadeh, H., “Algorithmic Design of Building Intelligent Facade to Control the Daylight Inspired by the Rafflesia Flower Kinetic Pattern”, Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, 13(2): 1-24, (2023).
  • [31] Sommese, F., Hosseini, S.M., Badarnah, L., Capozzi, F., Giordano, S., Ambrogi, V., and Ausiello, G., “Light-responsive kinetic façade system inspired by the Gazania flower: A biomimetic approach in parametric design for daylighting”, Building and Environment, 247: 111052, (2024).
  • [32] Ghobad, L., “Analysis of daylighting performance and energy savings in roof daylighting systems”, Ph.D. thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, (2013).
  • [33] Heschong L., Wymelenberg V.D., Andersen M., Digert N., Fernandes L., Keller A., Loveland, J., McKay, H., Mistrick, R., Mosher, B., Reinhart, C., Rogers, Z., and Tanteri, M., “Approved Method: IES Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE)”, Retrieved from: https://www. ies. org/product/ies-spatial-daylight- autonomy-sda-and-annual-sunlight-exposure-ase, (2012).
  • [34] Kazanasmaz, T., Grobe, L.O., Bauer, C., Krehel, M., and Wittkopf, S., “Three approaches to optimize optical properties and size of a South-facing window for spatial Daylight Autonomy”, Building and Environment, 102: 243-256, (2016).
  • [35] Council, U.G.B., “LEED v4 for building design and construction”, USGBC Inc, (2019).
  • [36] ASHRAE Standard 55, “Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers”, Atlanta, (2004).
  • [37] Zhang, T., Baasch, G., Ardakanian, O. and Evins, R., “On the Joint Control of Multiple Building Systems with Reinforcement Learning”, Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, Italy, (2021).
  • [38] Bader, J., and Zitzler, E., “HypE: An algorithm for fast hypervolume-based many objective optimization”, Evolutionary Computation, 19(1): 45–76, (2011).
  • [39] Konis, K., Gamas, A. and Kensek, K., “Passive performance and building form: An optimization framework for early-stage design support”, Solar Energy, 125: 161–179, (2016).
  • [40] Choi, S.J., Lee, D.S. and Jo, J.H., “Method of Deriving Shaded Fraction According to Shading Movements of Kinetic Façade”, Sustainability, 9: 1449, (2017).
  • [41] Mahmoud, A.H.A., and Elghazi, Y., “Parametric-based designs for kinetic facades to optimize daylight performance: comparing rotation and translation kinetic motion for hexagonal facade patterns”, Solar Energy, 126: 111–127, (2016).

Year 2025, Early View, 1 - 1

Yonca Yaman , Ecenur Kızılörenli , Ayça Tokuç

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1433809

Abstract

References

  • [1] de Paula, N., and Melhado, S., “Sustainability in management processes: case studies in architectural design firms”, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 24(4): (2018).
  • [2] Çıldır, A.S., Köktürk, G. and Tokuç, A., “Design approaches for retrofitting offices to reach nearly zero energy: A case study in the Mediterranean climate”, Energy for Sustainable Development, 58: 167-181, (2020).
  • [3] Karakoç, E., and Çağdaş, G., “Adaptive architecture based on environmental performance: An advanced intelligent façade (AIF) module”, Gazi University Journal of Science, 30: 630650, (2021).
  • [4] Çetintaş, K.F., and Yılmaz, Z., “Optimization of thermal insulation material and thickness for building energy efficiency in Mediterranean climates based on life cycle perspective”, A|Z ITU Journal of The Faculty of Architecture, 3(14): 99-112, (2017).
  • [5] Sghiouri, H., Mezrhab, A., Karkri, M., and Naji, H. “Shading devices optimization to enhance thermal comfort and energy performance of a residential building in Morocco”, Journal of Building Engineering, 18: 292-302, (2018).
  • [6] Loonen, R. C.G.M., Favoino, F., Hensen, J.L.M., and Overend, M, “Review of current status, requirements and opportunities for building performance simulation of adaptive facades”, Journal of Building Performance Simulation”, 10(2): 205–223, (2016).
  • [7] Fortmeyer, R., and Linn, C., “Kinetic architecture. Designs for active envelopes”, Mulgrave, Image, (2014).
  • [8] Addington, M., and Schodek, D., Smart materials and technologies in architecture, Routledge, (2012).
  • [9] Kolarevic, B., and Parlac, V., “Adaptive, Responsive Building Skins”, Building dynamics: exploring architecture of change”, Edited by B. Kolarevic and V. Parlac, Abingdon: Routledge, 69-88, (2015).
  • [10] Aelenei, D., Aelenei, L., and Vieira, C.P., “Adaptive Façade: concept, applications, research questions”, Energy Procedia, 9: 269-275, (2016).
  • [11] Loonen, R.C., Favoino, F., Hensen, J.L., and Overend, M., “Review of current status, requirements and opportunities for building performance simulation of adaptive facades”, Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 10(2): 205-223, (2017).
  • [12] Hosseini, S.N., Hosseini, S.M., and HeiraniPour, M., “The Role of Orosi’s Islamic Geometric Patterns in the Building Façade Design for Improving Occupants’ Daylight Performance”, Journal of Daylighting, 7(2): 201-221, (2020).
  • [13] Fontoynont, M., “Daylight performance of buildings”, CRC Press, (2014).
  • [14] Schumacher, P., “Parametricism: A new global style for architecture and urban design”, Architectural Design, 79(4): 14-23, (2009).
  • [15] Rizi, R.A., and Eltaweel, A., “A user detective adaptive facade towards improving visual and thermal comfort”, Journal of Building Engineering, 33: 101554, (2021).
  • [16] Oxman, R., “Performance-based design: current practices and research issues”, International Journal of Architectural Computing, 6(1): 1-17, (2008).
  • [17] Zuidgeest, J., van der Burgh, S., and Kalmeyer, B., “Planning by parameters”, Architectural Design, 83(2): 92-95, (2008).
  • [18] Shafaghat, A., and Keyvanfar, A., “Dynamic façades design typologies, technologies, measurement techniques, and physical performances across thermal, optical, ventilation, and electricity generation outlooks”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 167: 112647, (2022).
  • [19] Eltaweel, A., and Yuehong, S.U., “Parametric design and daylighting: A literature review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73: 1086-1103, (2017).
  • [20] Moesas, O.S., Alias, N.A., and Azlan, A., “Kinetic Façade Design to Enhance Daylight Performance for Office Building in Malaysia”, editors: Bin Meor Razali, A.M.M.F., Awang, M., Emamian, S.S., Advances in Civil Engineering Materials, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, Springer, Singapore, 201-213, (2021).
  • [21] Le-Thanh L., Le-Duc T., Ngo H.M., Nguyen Q.H., and Nguyen-Xuan H., “Optimal design of an Origami-inspired kinetic façade by balancing composite motion optimization for improving daylight performance and energy efficiency”, Energy, 219: (2021).
  • [22] Tabadkani, A., Banihashemi, S., and Hosseini, M.R., “Daylighting and visual comfort of oriental sun responsive skins: a parametric analysis”, Building Simulation, 11(4): 663–676, (2018).
  • [23] Wagdy, A., Fathy, F., and Altomonte, S., “Evaluating the Daylighting Performance of Dynamic Façades by Using New Annual Climate-Based Metrics” Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Los Angeles, California, USA, (2016).
  • [24] Pérez-Carramiñana, C., González-Avilés, Á.B., Castilla, N., and Galiano-Garrigós, A., “Influence of Sun Shading Devices on Energy Efficiency, Thermal Comfort and Lighting Comfort in a Warm Semi-Arid Dry Mediterranean Climate”, Buildings, 14(2): 556, (2024).
  • [25] Elzeyadi, I., “The impacts of dynamic façade shading typologies on building energy performance and occupant’s multi-comfort”, Architectural Science Review, 60(4): 316–324, (2017).
  • [26] Hosseini, S.M., Mohammadi, M., Rosemann, A., Schro¨der, T., and Lichtenberg, J., "A morphological approach for kinetic facade design process to improve visual and thermal comfort: review", Building and Environment, 153: 186e204, (2019).
  • [27] Yao, J., “An investigation into the impact of movable solar shades on energy, indoor thermal and visual comfort improvements”, Building and Environment, 71: 24–32, (2014).
  • [28] Kızılörenli, E., and Maden, F., “Modular responsive facade proposals based on semi-regular and demi-regular tessellation: daylighting and visual comfort”, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 12(4): 601-612, (2023).
  • [29] da Silva, F.T., and Veras, J.C.G., “A design framework for a kinetic shading device system for building envelopes”, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 12(5): 837-854, (2023).
  • [30] Yarmahmoodi, Z., Nasr, T., and Moztarzadeh, H., “Algorithmic Design of Building Intelligent Facade to Control the Daylight Inspired by the Rafflesia Flower Kinetic Pattern”, Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning, 13(2): 1-24, (2023).
  • [31] Sommese, F., Hosseini, S.M., Badarnah, L., Capozzi, F., Giordano, S., Ambrogi, V., and Ausiello, G., “Light-responsive kinetic façade system inspired by the Gazania flower: A biomimetic approach in parametric design for daylighting”, Building and Environment, 247: 111052, (2024).
  • [32] Ghobad, L., “Analysis of daylighting performance and energy savings in roof daylighting systems”, Ph.D. thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, (2013).
  • [33] Heschong L., Wymelenberg V.D., Andersen M., Digert N., Fernandes L., Keller A., Loveland, J., McKay, H., Mistrick, R., Mosher, B., Reinhart, C., Rogers, Z., and Tanteri, M., “Approved Method: IES Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE)”, Retrieved from: https://www. ies. org/product/ies-spatial-daylight- autonomy-sda-and-annual-sunlight-exposure-ase, (2012).
  • [34] Kazanasmaz, T., Grobe, L.O., Bauer, C., Krehel, M., and Wittkopf, S., “Three approaches to optimize optical properties and size of a South-facing window for spatial Daylight Autonomy”, Building and Environment, 102: 243-256, (2016).
  • [35] Council, U.G.B., “LEED v4 for building design and construction”, USGBC Inc, (2019).
  • [36] ASHRAE Standard 55, “Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers”, Atlanta, (2004).
  • [37] Zhang, T., Baasch, G., Ardakanian, O. and Evins, R., “On the Joint Control of Multiple Building Systems with Reinforcement Learning”, Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, Italy, (2021).
  • [38] Bader, J., and Zitzler, E., “HypE: An algorithm for fast hypervolume-based many objective optimization”, Evolutionary Computation, 19(1): 45–76, (2011).
  • [39] Konis, K., Gamas, A. and Kensek, K., “Passive performance and building form: An optimization framework for early-stage design support”, Solar Energy, 125: 161–179, (2016).
  • [40] Choi, S.J., Lee, D.S. and Jo, J.H., “Method of Deriving Shaded Fraction According to Shading Movements of Kinetic Façade”, Sustainability, 9: 1449, (2017).
  • [41] Mahmoud, A.H.A., and Elghazi, Y., “Parametric-based designs for kinetic facades to optimize daylight performance: comparing rotation and translation kinetic motion for hexagonal facade patterns”, Solar Energy, 126: 111–127, (2016).
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sustainable Architecture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yonca Yaman 0000-0003-4393-5490

Ecenur Kızılörenli 0000-0002-3992-1363

Ayça Tokuç 0000-0002-4988-3233

Early Pub Date September 26, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date February 8, 2024
Acceptance Date August 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Early View

Cite

APA Yaman, Y., Kızılörenli, E., & Tokuç, A. (2024). Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances. Gazi University Journal of Science1-1. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1433809
AMA Yaman Y, Kızılörenli E, Tokuç A. Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances. Gazi University Journal of Science. Published online September 1, 2024:1-1. doi:10.35378/gujs.1433809
Chicago Yaman, Yonca, Ecenur Kızılörenli, and Ayça Tokuç. “Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances”. Gazi University Journal of Science, September (September 2024), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1433809.
EndNote Yaman Y, Kızılörenli E, Tokuç A (September 1, 2024) Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances. Gazi University Journal of Science 1–1.
IEEE Y. Yaman, E. Kızılörenli, and A. Tokuç, “Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances”, Gazi University Journal of Science, pp. 1–1, September 2024, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1433809.
ISNAD Yaman, Yonca et al. “Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances”. Gazi University Journal of Science. September 2024. 1-1. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1433809.
JAMA Yaman Y, Kızılörenli E, Tokuç A. Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2024;:1–1.
MLA Yaman, Yonca et al. “Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances”. Gazi University Journal of Science, 2024, pp. 1-1, doi:10.35378/gujs.1433809.
Vancouver Yaman Y, Kızılörenli E, Tokuç A. Multi-Objective Optimization of a Folding Kinetic Facade System Proposal for Thermal, Daylight, and Energy Performances. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2024:1-.