INNOVATIVENESS IN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS OF TURKEY AND INDICATORS OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN SMEs

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 4, 693 - 706, 11.08.2010

Bilge Armatlı-köroğlu

Öz

ABSTRACT

In recent years “innovation” become an important concept of regional development literature. In many regional development studies, innovation concept and indicators of innovation are defined as regards to regional economic and industrial characteristics and technological level of region. In the context of the paper innovation indicators and relationship between firm networks and innovation capacity are researched in industrial nodes of Turkey. Paper depends on data of field survey, realised in Ankara, Bursa and Denizli. Results of the study show that general innovation indicators are not directly related with innovation capacity in sample industrial nodes, however networks, especially global Networks are important for innovation activities in firms and regions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Key Words: Industrial districts, regional development, innovativeness, SME network

TÜRKİYE’DE SANAYİ BÖLGELERİNDE YENİLİK SÜREÇLERİ VE KOBİ’LERDE YENİLİKÇİLİK GÖSTERGELERİ

Öz

Son dönemde bölgesel gelişme yazınında “yenilik” gelişme için önemli bir kavram olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bölgesel gelişme çalışmalarında yenilik kavramı ve yenilikçilik göstergeleri çalışmanın kapsamına, bölgenin ekonomik ve sanayi yapısına, teknoloji düzeyine göre tanımlanmaktadır. Makale kapsamında Türkiye’de sanayi odaklarında genel kabul gören yenilikçilik göstergelerinin ne kadar gelişmiş ve ne kadar geçerli olduğu, sanayi odaklarında firma ağları ve yenilikçilik kapasitesi arasındaki ilişki araştırılmaktadır. Makale Ankara, Bursa ve Denizli’de gerçekleştirilen alan araştırması verilerine dayanmakta ve araştırma sonuçları örnek sanayi bölgelerinde genel kabul gören göstergelerin yenilikçilik kapasitesi ile doğrudan ilişkili olmadığını, ancak firma ağlarının özellikle de küresel ağların önemini göstermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sanayi bölgeleri, bölgesel gelişme, yenilikçilik, KOBİ ağları

Kaynakça

• Asheim, B.T., “Industrial Districts as Learning Regions: A Condition for Prosperity”, European Planning Studies, 4(4): 379401 (1996).
• Asheim, B. and Cooke, P., Local Network and Interactive Innovation Networks in a Global Economy, Making Connections: Technological Learning and Regional Economic Change, (ed.) E. Malecki, Oinas, P., Ashgate, England, 278-292 (1999).
• Amin, A., “The Emilian Model: Institutional Changes”, European Planning Studies, 7(4): 389-405 (1999).
• Freeman, C., "Innovation in a New Context", Science Technology Industry Review, 15, OECD: 49-73 (1995).
• Freeman, C. and Soete, E., Yenilik İktisadı, Tübitak Yayınları, Ankara, 1-526 (2003).
• Romijn, H. and Albaladejo, M., "Determinants of Innovation Capability in Small Electronics and Software Firms in Southeast England", Research Policy, 31:1053-1067 (2002).
• Koschatzky, K., “Innovation Networks of Industry and Business-Related Services- Relations between Innovation Intensity of Firms and Regional Inter-Firm Cooperation”, European Planning Studies, 7(6): 737- 758 (1999).
• Sternberg, R., “Innovative Linkages and Proximity: Empirical Results from Recent Surveys of Small and Medium Sized Firms in German Regions”, Regional Studies, 33(6): 529-540 (1999).
• Arndt, O. and Strenberg, R., "Do Manufacturing Firms Profit from Intraregional Innovation Linkages? An Empirical Based Answer", European Planning Studies, 8(4): 465-486 (2000).
• Cooke, P. and Morgan, K., "Growth Regions under Duress: Renewal strategies in Baden- Württemberg and Emilia Romagna”, A. Amin, N. Thirift, Globalisation, Institutions and Regional Development in Europe, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 91-117 (1994).
• Florida, R., “Toward the Learning Region”, Futures, 27(5): 525-536 (1995).
• Maskell, P. and Malmberg, A., “Localised Learning and Industrial Competitiveness”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23: 167-185 (1999).
• Camagni, R. Innovation Networks; Spatial Perspectives, Belhaven Press, London, 1-212 (1991).
• Camagni, R. and Capello, R., “The Role of Inter-SME Networking and Links in Innovative High-Technology Milieux”, in High-Technology Clusters, Networking and Collective Learning in Europe, (ed.) D. Keeble and F. Wilkinson, Ashgate, England, 118-156 (2000).
• Koschatzky, K., "A River is a River-Cross- Border Networking Between Baden and Alsace", European Planning Studies, 8(4): 429-450 (2000).
• Freel, M.S., "Sectoral Patterns of Small Firm Innovation, Networking and Proximity", Research Policy, 32: 751-770 (2003).
• Eraydın, A., “Building up Competence, Institutions and Networks in order to Catch up in the Knowledge Economy”, (ed.) Hayter, R. and Le Heron, R.in Knowledge, territory and Industrial spaces, Ashgate, London, 49-67 (2002).
• Keeble, D., Lawson, C., Smith, H.L., Moore, B. and Wilkinson, F., "Internationalisation Process, Networking and Local Embeddedness in Technology Intensive Small Firms", Small Business Economics, 11: 327-342 (1998).
• Rominj, H. and Albu, M., “Innovation, Networking and Proximity: Lessons from high-technology firms in the UK”, Regional Studies, 36(2): 81-86 (2002).
• Patrucco, P.P., “Institutional Variety, Networking and Knowledge Exchange: Communication and Innovation in the Case of Brinza Technological District”, Regional Studies, 37(2): 159-172 (2003).
• Freel, M.S., "External Linkages and Product Innovation in Small Manufacturing Firms", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 12: 245-266 (2000).
• Collinson, S., “Knowledge Networks for Innovation in Small Scottish Software Firms”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 12: 217-244 (2000).
• Koschatzky, K. and Bross, U., “Innovation Networking in a Transition Economy: Experience from Slovenia”, in Innovation Networks: Concepts and Challenges in the European Perspective, (ed.) K. Koschatzky, M. Kulicke and A. Zenker, Verlag, Germany, 127-153 (2001).
• Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü (DİE) Bilim ve teknoloji istatistikleri, Teknolojik yenilik istatistikleri http://www.die.gov.tr/konularr/teknollojikYenilik.htm (2000).
• Armatlı-Köroğlu, B., “SME Networks as New Engines of Economic Development and Innovativeness”, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, City and Regional Planning, METU (2004).
• Larsson, S. and Malmberg, A., “Innovations, Competitiveness and Local Embeddedness a Study of Machinery Producers in Sweden”, Geografiska Annaler, 81B (1): 1-18 (1999).
• Lyons, D., ‘Embeddedness, Milieu and Innovation among High Technology Firms: a Richardson, Texas Case Study’, Environment and Planning A, 32(5): 891-908 (2000).
• Cumbers, A., Mackinnon, D. and Chapman, K., "Innovation, Collaboration and Learning in Regional Clusters: A Study of SMEs in the Aberdeen Oil Complex", Environment and Planning A, 35: 1689-1706 (2003).
• Muller, E. “Knowledge, Innovation Process and Regions”, eds. Koschatzky, K., Kulicke, M. and Zenker, A. in Innovation Networks: Concepts and Challenges in the European Perspective, Verlag, Germany, 37-49 (2001).
• Grotz, R. and Braun, B., “Territorial or trans-territorial networking: Spatial aspects of technology oriented co- operation within the German mechanical engineering industry”, Regional Studies, 31(6): 545-557 (1997).