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Boron-Doped Thin Films Fabricated by the Spin Coating Method: The Effect of Doping Concentrations

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 57 - 67, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1362103

Abstract

This work examined the impact of different levels of B-doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of ZnO thin films. Boron-doped zinc oxide thin films were deposited on glass substrates using the spin-coating technique. The B concentrations employed were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 at. %. The systematic characterizations manifest that the properties of the deposited films were heavily influenced by changing concentrations of B doping. It was found that as the concentration of B-doping increases, the values of grain size decrease. In addition, it was observed that ZnO thin films containing a lower concentration of B dopant exhibited higher transparency. Finally, it was figured out that the resistivity of the films declines dramatically with a higher content of B-doping. The results of our research may initiate further inquiries into the creation of superior thin films.

Thanks

We are grateful to Professors Dr. Abdullah Yildiz and Prof. Dr. Mohamed Sbeta for their assistance during the experimental effort.

References

  • Atilgan, A., Ozel, K., Sbeta, M., & Yildiz, A. (2023). Engineering the visible light absorption of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on multilayers of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 166, 107747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2023.107747
  • Atilgan, A., Kurtulus, A. Y., Oktem, M. F., & Yildiz, A. (2021). W-doped ZnO transparent conducting nanostructures synthesized by hydrothermal method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 32(14), 19126-19135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06432-1
  • Faisal, M., Bouzid, H., Harraz, F. A., Ismail, A. A., Al-Sayari, S. A., & Al-Assiri, M. S. (2015). Mesoporous Ag/ZnO multilayer films prepared by repeated spin-coating for enhancing its photonic efficiencies. Surface and Coatings Technology, 263, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.12.063
  • Farrag, A. A. G., & Balboul, M. R. (2017). Nano ZnO thin films synthesis by sol–gel spin coating method as a transparent layer for solar cell applications. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 82, 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4277-8
  • Hacini, A., Ali, A. H., & Adnan, N. N. (2021). Optimization of ITO thin film properties as a function of deposition time using the swanepoel method. Optical Materials, 120, 111411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111411
  • Hu, J., & Gordon, R. G. (1992). Deposition of boron doped zinc oxide films and their electrical and optical properties. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 139(7), 2014. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2221166
  • Jana, S., Vuk, A. S., Mallick, A., Orel, B., & Biswas, P. K. (2011). Effect of boron doping on optical properties of sol–gel based nanostructured zinc oxide films on glass. Materials Research Bulletin, 46(12), 2392-2397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.08.038
  • Kamaruddin, S. A., Chan, K. Y., Yow, H. K., Zainizan Sahdan, M., Saim, H., & Knipp, D. (2011). Zinc oxide films prepared by sol–gel spin coating technique. Applied Physics A, 104, 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-6121-2
  • Kara, I., Atilgan, A., Serin, T., & Yildiz, A. (2017). Effects of Co and Cu dopants on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO nanocrystals. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28, 6088-6092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-6285-4
  • Kaur, G., Mitra, A., & Yadav, K. L. (2015). Pulsed laser deposited Al-doped ZnO thin films for optical applications. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 25(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2015.01.012
  • Kayani, Z. N., Bashir, Z., Riaz, S., Naseem, S., & Saddiqe, Z. (2020). Transparent boron-doped zinc oxide films for antibacterial and magnetic applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 11911-11926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03745-5
  • Kim, S., Park, H., Nam, G., Yoon, H., & Leem, J. Y. (2013). Improved optical and electrical properties of sol–gel-derived boron-doped zinc oxide thin films. Journal of sol-gel science and technology, 67, 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3117-3
  • Kumar, V., Singh, R. G., Singh, F., & Purohit, L. P. (2012). Highly transparent and conducting boron doped zinc oxide films for window of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell applications. Journal of alloys and compounds, 544, 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.124
  • Lee, S. H., Kim, M., Jung, Y., Jung, J. H., Kim, S., Leem, J. Y., & Kim, H. (2013). Enhanced optical and electrical properties of boron-doped zinc-oxide thin films prepared by using the sol-gel dip-coating method. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 63, 1804-1808. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.63.1804
  • Lokhande, B. J., Patil, P. S., & Uplane, M. D. (2001). Studies on structural, optical and electrical properties of boron doped zinc oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 302, 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00405-7
  • Majerič, P., & Rudolf, R. (2020). Advances in ultrasonic spray pyrolysis processing of noble metal nanoparticles. Materials, 13(16), 3485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163485
  • Nečas, D., & Klapetek, P. (2012). Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis. Open Physics, 10(1), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2
  • Ozel, K., & Atilgan, A. (2023a). Systematic Investigation on the Synergistic Impact of Gallium (Ga)-Boron (B) Co-Doping on the Features of ZnO Films. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 10(4), 442-451. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1358177
  • Ozel, K., Atilgan, A., & Yildiz, A. (2023b). Multi-layered blocking layers for dye sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 115297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.115297
  • Ozel, K., & Yildiz, A. (2021). High-detectivity ultraviolet-B photodetector based on SnO2 thin film/Si 30 heterojunction. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 36(9), 095001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ac1051
  • Pawar, B. N., Jadkar, S. R., & Takwale, M. G. (2005). Deposition and characterization of transparent and conductive sprayed ZnO: B thin films. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 66(10), 1779-1782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.08.086
  • Sbeta, M., Atilgan, A., Atli, A., & Yildiz, A. (2018). Influence of the spin acceleration time on the properties of ZnO: Ga thin films deposited by sol–gel method. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 86, 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4652-8
  • Senol, S. D., Ozturk, O., & Terzioğlu, C. (2015). Effect of boron doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanoparticles produced by the hydrothermal method. Ceramics International, 41(9), 11194-11201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.05.069
  • Smirnov, M., Baban, C., & Rusu, G. I. (2010). Structural and optical characteristics of spin-coated ZnO thin films. Applied Surface Science, 256(8), 2405-2408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.075
  • Steinhauser, J., Fay, S., Oliveira, N., Vallat-Sauvain, E., & Ballif, C. (2007). Transition between grain boundary and intragrain scattering transport mechanisms in boron-doped zinc oxide thin films. Applied Physics Letters, 90(14). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2719158
  • Sun, Y. T. A., Pan, P. C., Koo, H. S., & Lin, N. Y. (2020). Growth of low resistivity and high transparency boron-doped zinc oxide film by pulse laser deposition. Precision Engineering, 66, 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.08.001
  • Tahar, R. B. H., & Tahar, N. B. H. (2005). Boron-doped zinc oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel technique. Journal of materials science, 40, 5285-5289. doi:10.1007/s10853-005-0522-1
  • Tan, S. T., Chen, B. J., Sun, X. W., Fan, W. J., Kwok, H. S., Zhang, X. H., & Chua, S. J. (2005). Blueshift of optical band gap in ZnO thin films grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1940137
  • Zhussupbekova, A., Caffrey, D., Zhussupbekov, K., Smith, C. M., Shvets, I. V., & Fleischer, K. (2020). Low-cost, high-performance spray pyrolysis-grown amorphous zinc tin oxide: the challenge of a complex growth process. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(41), 46892-46899. 3. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c12148
Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 57 - 67, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1362103

Abstract

References

  • Atilgan, A., Ozel, K., Sbeta, M., & Yildiz, A. (2023). Engineering the visible light absorption of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on multilayers of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 166, 107747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2023.107747
  • Atilgan, A., Kurtulus, A. Y., Oktem, M. F., & Yildiz, A. (2021). W-doped ZnO transparent conducting nanostructures synthesized by hydrothermal method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 32(14), 19126-19135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06432-1
  • Faisal, M., Bouzid, H., Harraz, F. A., Ismail, A. A., Al-Sayari, S. A., & Al-Assiri, M. S. (2015). Mesoporous Ag/ZnO multilayer films prepared by repeated spin-coating for enhancing its photonic efficiencies. Surface and Coatings Technology, 263, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.12.063
  • Farrag, A. A. G., & Balboul, M. R. (2017). Nano ZnO thin films synthesis by sol–gel spin coating method as a transparent layer for solar cell applications. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 82, 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4277-8
  • Hacini, A., Ali, A. H., & Adnan, N. N. (2021). Optimization of ITO thin film properties as a function of deposition time using the swanepoel method. Optical Materials, 120, 111411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111411
  • Hu, J., & Gordon, R. G. (1992). Deposition of boron doped zinc oxide films and their electrical and optical properties. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 139(7), 2014. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2221166
  • Jana, S., Vuk, A. S., Mallick, A., Orel, B., & Biswas, P. K. (2011). Effect of boron doping on optical properties of sol–gel based nanostructured zinc oxide films on glass. Materials Research Bulletin, 46(12), 2392-2397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.08.038
  • Kamaruddin, S. A., Chan, K. Y., Yow, H. K., Zainizan Sahdan, M., Saim, H., & Knipp, D. (2011). Zinc oxide films prepared by sol–gel spin coating technique. Applied Physics A, 104, 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-6121-2
  • Kara, I., Atilgan, A., Serin, T., & Yildiz, A. (2017). Effects of Co and Cu dopants on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO nanocrystals. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28, 6088-6092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-6285-4
  • Kaur, G., Mitra, A., & Yadav, K. L. (2015). Pulsed laser deposited Al-doped ZnO thin films for optical applications. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 25(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2015.01.012
  • Kayani, Z. N., Bashir, Z., Riaz, S., Naseem, S., & Saddiqe, Z. (2020). Transparent boron-doped zinc oxide films for antibacterial and magnetic applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 11911-11926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03745-5
  • Kim, S., Park, H., Nam, G., Yoon, H., & Leem, J. Y. (2013). Improved optical and electrical properties of sol–gel-derived boron-doped zinc oxide thin films. Journal of sol-gel science and technology, 67, 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3117-3
  • Kumar, V., Singh, R. G., Singh, F., & Purohit, L. P. (2012). Highly transparent and conducting boron doped zinc oxide films for window of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell applications. Journal of alloys and compounds, 544, 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.124
  • Lee, S. H., Kim, M., Jung, Y., Jung, J. H., Kim, S., Leem, J. Y., & Kim, H. (2013). Enhanced optical and electrical properties of boron-doped zinc-oxide thin films prepared by using the sol-gel dip-coating method. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 63, 1804-1808. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.63.1804
  • Lokhande, B. J., Patil, P. S., & Uplane, M. D. (2001). Studies on structural, optical and electrical properties of boron doped zinc oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 302, 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00405-7
  • Majerič, P., & Rudolf, R. (2020). Advances in ultrasonic spray pyrolysis processing of noble metal nanoparticles. Materials, 13(16), 3485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163485
  • Nečas, D., & Klapetek, P. (2012). Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis. Open Physics, 10(1), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2
  • Ozel, K., & Atilgan, A. (2023a). Systematic Investigation on the Synergistic Impact of Gallium (Ga)-Boron (B) Co-Doping on the Features of ZnO Films. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 10(4), 442-451. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1358177
  • Ozel, K., Atilgan, A., & Yildiz, A. (2023b). Multi-layered blocking layers for dye sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 115297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.115297
  • Ozel, K., & Yildiz, A. (2021). High-detectivity ultraviolet-B photodetector based on SnO2 thin film/Si 30 heterojunction. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 36(9), 095001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ac1051
  • Pawar, B. N., Jadkar, S. R., & Takwale, M. G. (2005). Deposition and characterization of transparent and conductive sprayed ZnO: B thin films. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 66(10), 1779-1782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.08.086
  • Sbeta, M., Atilgan, A., Atli, A., & Yildiz, A. (2018). Influence of the spin acceleration time on the properties of ZnO: Ga thin films deposited by sol–gel method. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 86, 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4652-8
  • Senol, S. D., Ozturk, O., & Terzioğlu, C. (2015). Effect of boron doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanoparticles produced by the hydrothermal method. Ceramics International, 41(9), 11194-11201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.05.069
  • Smirnov, M., Baban, C., & Rusu, G. I. (2010). Structural and optical characteristics of spin-coated ZnO thin films. Applied Surface Science, 256(8), 2405-2408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.075
  • Steinhauser, J., Fay, S., Oliveira, N., Vallat-Sauvain, E., & Ballif, C. (2007). Transition between grain boundary and intragrain scattering transport mechanisms in boron-doped zinc oxide thin films. Applied Physics Letters, 90(14). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2719158
  • Sun, Y. T. A., Pan, P. C., Koo, H. S., & Lin, N. Y. (2020). Growth of low resistivity and high transparency boron-doped zinc oxide film by pulse laser deposition. Precision Engineering, 66, 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.08.001
  • Tahar, R. B. H., & Tahar, N. B. H. (2005). Boron-doped zinc oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel technique. Journal of materials science, 40, 5285-5289. doi:10.1007/s10853-005-0522-1
  • Tan, S. T., Chen, B. J., Sun, X. W., Fan, W. J., Kwok, H. S., Zhang, X. H., & Chua, S. J. (2005). Blueshift of optical band gap in ZnO thin films grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1940137
  • Zhussupbekova, A., Caffrey, D., Zhussupbekov, K., Smith, C. M., Shvets, I. V., & Fleischer, K. (2020). Low-cost, high-performance spray pyrolysis-grown amorphous zinc tin oxide: the challenge of a complex growth process. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(41), 46892-46899. 3. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c12148
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Physics, Solid State Chemistry
Journal Section Energy Systems Engineering
Authors

Abdullah Atılgan 0000-0002-5624-3664

Kenan Özel 0000-0002-0250-3731

Early Pub Date December 28, 2023
Publication Date March 28, 2024
Submission Date September 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Atılgan, A., & Özel, K. (2024). Boron-Doped Thin Films Fabricated by the Spin Coating Method: The Effect of Doping Concentrations. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 11(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1362103