Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Kovid-19’un ABD-Çin İlişkilerine Etkisini Trump’ın Twitter’daki Hakikat Ötesi Siyaseti Üzerinden Okumak

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 389 - 403, 29.05.2021

Öz

Donald John Trump; Obama dönemi politikalarını reddeden, ‘önce Amerika’ sloganını kullanan, ABD’yi yeniden güçlü kılmayı vaat eden ve bunları daha ziyade Twitter üzerinden aktaran bir lider olarak Amerikan tarihinde önemli iz bırakmıştır. Trump’ın 2017 Ocak ayında göreve gelir gelmez uygulamaya koyduğu politikaların dış politikadaki en önemli yansıması, ABD-Çin ilişkilerinde gözlenmiştir. ABD’nin çıkarlarını korumaya ve Çin’in yükselişini engellemeye yönelik bu politikalar, zamanla ‘ticaret savaşına’ dönüşmüştür. Bunun yanında ikili ilişkileri etkileyen en önemli gelişmelerden birisi de şüphesiz 2019 Aralığında Çin’in Vuhan kentinde çıkıp, dünyaya yayılan ve ABD’yi de derinden etkileyen Kovid-19 salgını olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Trump dönemi ABD-Çin ilişkilerini ve küresel Kovid-19 salgınının ikili ilişkilere etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Trump, Twitter başta olmak üzere sosyal medyayı hakikat ötesi siyaseti için önemli bir enstrüman olarak kullanmaktadır. Bu yüzden çalışma, geniş bağlamda Trump’ın hakikat ötesi siyasetine odaklanmaktadır. Kovid-19’un ikili ilişkilere etkileri üzerinde durulan özel bağlamda ise Trump’ın Şubat-Haziran 2020 arasındaki Twitter paylaşımları içerik analizi ve betimsel analizle incelenmiştir. Buna göre Kovid-19 salgını, -devam eden ticaret savaşlarıyla birlikte düşünüldüğünde- iki ülke arasındaki uyuşmazlıkları derinleştirmiş ve ilişkileri kötüleştirmiştir. Aynı zamanda Trump’ın hakikat ötesi siyasetindeki yoğunlaşmayı yansıtan bu durumun, ABD iç siyasetiyle de yakından ilgisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (2017). Tweeter-in-chief: A content analysis of president Trump’s tweeting habits. Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 8(2), 36-47.
  • Arendt, H. (2017[1951]). Totalitarizmin kaynakları 3/totalitarizm. çev. İ. Serin, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ataman, M. (2007). Uluslararası ekonomi politik: Güç siyasetinin ötesi. In Z. Dağı (der.), Uluslararası politikayı anlamak (pp. 446-508). İstanbul: Alfa Basım.
  • Barrera, O., Guriev, S., Henry, E. & Zhuravskaya, E. (2020). Facts, alternative facts, and fact checking in times of post-truth politics. Journal of Public Economics, 182, 1-19.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2018). Simülakrlar ve simülasyon. çev. O. Adanır, Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Bella, T. (2020). Pompeo says the U.S. is ‘certainly looking at’ banning Tiktok and other Chinese apps. [Available online at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/07/07/tiktok-ban-china-usa-pompeo/], Retrieved on 15 July 15, 2020.
  • Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. New York, USA: Hafner Press a Division of Macmillan Publishing.
  • Blackwill, R. D. & Wright, T. (2020). The end of world order and American foreign policy. Council Special Report, 86, 1-34.
  • Deutsche Welle, (2020). Bolton’ın Trump’ı yerden yere vuran kitabı satışa çıktı. [Available online at: https://p.dw.com/p/3eAt5], Retrieved on June 23, 2020. EAF, (2020). Trump’s Missteps in Managing the China Relationship. East Asia Forum, 1-4.
  • Evans, R. J. (2017). On tyranny by Timothy Snyder review – how to defend democracy in the age of Trump. [Available online at: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/08/on-tyranny-timothy-snyder-review-trump-twenty-lessons-democracy], Retrieved on May 31, 2020.
  • Ettinger, A. (2020). Principled realism and populist sovereignty in Trump’s foreign policy. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 33(3), 410-431.
  • Fazlıoğlu, İ. (2014). Hakikat ve itibar: Dış-dünya’nın bilgisinin doğası üzerine -XV. yüzyıl doğa felsefesi ve matematik açısından bir inceleme. Nazariyat: İslâm Felsefe ve Bilim Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-33.
  • Hilpert, H. G. & Wacker, G. (2020). Chinese narratives about the United States. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 12-15). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • Hilpert, H. G. (2020). Trade, economy and finance: Rivalries, conflicts, escalation risks. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 25-29). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • ISDP (2018). Breaking the mould: Trump’s China policy. Focus Asia Perspective & Analysis, 1-3.
  • Karadağ, G. H. & Ayten, A. (2020). Comparative study of verification/fact-checking organizatons in Turkey: dogrulukpayi.com and teyit.org. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, 13(29), 483-501.
  • Keyes, R. (2017). Hakikat sonrası çağ: Günümüz dünyasında yalancılık ve aldatma. çev. D. Özçetin, Ankara: Tudem (Delidolu) Yayın.
  • Khan, S. (2020). US-China relations were already heated. Then coronavirus threw fuel on the flames. [Available online at: https://theconversation.com/us-china-relations-were-already-heated-then-coronavirus-threw-fuel-on-the-flames-137886], Retrieved on July 10, 2020.
  • Liu, T. & Woo, W. T. (2018). Understanding the U.S.-China trade war. China Economic Journal, 11(3), 319-340.
  • Meltzer, J. P. & Shenai, N. (2019). The US-China economic relationship: A comprehensive approach. Brookings and American Enterprise Institute, 1-25.
  • NSC (National Security Council), (2017). United States strategic approach to the People’s Republic of China. [Available online at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/united-states-strategic-approach-to-the-peoples-republic-of-china/], Retrieved on May 26, 2020.
  • Ovalı, A. Ş. (2020). Türkiye-ABD ilişkilerinde twitter diplomasisi. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 17(65), 23-45.
  • Overhaus, M., Rudolf, P. & von Daniels, L. (2020). American perceptions of China. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 16-19). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • Oxford Dictionary, (2020). Post-truth. [Available online at: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/post-truth], Retrieved on May 28, 2020.
  • Pangrazio, L. (2018). What’s new about ‘fake news’? critical digital literacies: In an era of fake news, post-truth and clickbait. Revista Páginas de Educación, 11(1), 1-22.
  • Perthes, V. (2020). Dimensions of strategic rivalry: China, the United States and Europe’s place. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 5-8). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • Qayyum, A., Qadir, J., Janjua, M. U. & Sher, F. (2019). Using blockchain to rein in the new post-truth world and check the spread of fake news. IT Professional, 21(4), 16-24.
  • Rudolf, P. (2020). The Sino-American world conflict. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 9-11). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • Schindler, S. (2020). The task of critique in times of post-truth politics. Review of International Studies, 1-19.
  • Sheng, L., Zhao, H. & Zhao, J. (2019). Why will Trump lose the trade war? China Economic Journal, 12(2), 137-159.
  • Sismondo, S. (2017). Post-truth?. Social Studies of Science, 47(1), 3–6.
  • Snyder, T. (2018). Tiranlık üzerine: Yirminci yüzyıldan yirmi ders. çev. Z. Enez, İstanbul: Olvido Kitap.
  • Steinberg, D. A. & Tan, Y. (2019). The political consequences of the US-China trade war: Understanding the Chinese public reaction. IPES 2019 Annual Meeting, 1-39.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, (2020). COVID-19 (Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı) nedir?. [Available online at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirus-hastaligi-nedir.html], Retrieved on July 9, 2020.
  • Terzi, A. (2020). Post-truth kavramı ve Türkçe karşılıkları üzerine. Türk Dili, 69(820), 80-86.
  • Trump, D. J. (2012). @realDonaldTrump, [Available online at: https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/265895292191248385], Retrieved on May 31.2020.
  • Trump, D. J. (2019). @realDonaldTrump, [Available online at: https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1165005929831702529], Retrieved on July 12, 2020.
  • Twitonomy, (2020), [Available online at: https://www.twitonomy.com/profile.php?sn=realDonaldTrump], Retrieved on June 15, 2020.
  • Wardle, C. (2017). Fake news. It’s complicated. [Available online at: https://medium.com/1st-draft/fake-news-its-complicated-d0f773766c79#.y8p67xwvw], Retrieved on May 29, 2020.
  • Wilsdon, J. (2018). The Brexit experience-evidence, expertise, and post-truth politics. Journal & Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 151(1), 45–49.
  • Xuetong, Y. (2010). The instability of China–US relations. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3, 263-292.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Reading the Effects of Covid-19 on US-China Relations through Trump's Post-Truth Policy on Twitter

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 389 - 403, 29.05.2021

Öz

Donald John Trump has left an important mark in American history as a leader who rejects Obama-era policies, uses the slogan of "America first", promises “make America great again”, and conveys them mostly on Twitter. The most important reflection of the policies of Trump was observed in the US-China relations as soon as he took office in January 2017. Eventually policies aimed at protecting US interests and preventing China's rise turned into a “trade war”. One of the most important events affecting the US-China relations was undoubtedly the Covid-19 epidemic, which spread from China-Wuhan to the world in December 2019 and affected the USA deeply. This study carried out to investigate the US-China relations during the Trump period and the effects of the global Covid-19 outbreak on bilateral relations. Trump uses social media, especially Twitter, as an important instrument for post-truth politics. Therefore, in broad context, the study carried out on Trump’s post-truth politics. In the special context that emphasizes the effects of Covid-19 in bilateral relations, Trump’s Twitter posts between February-June 2020 analyzed through content analysis and descriptive analysis. Accordingly, the Covid-19 outbreak has deepened the conflicts between the two countries and worsened the relations, given the ongoing trade wars. This situation, which also reflects the concentration of Trump’s post-truth politics, closely related to US domestic politics.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (2017). Tweeter-in-chief: A content analysis of president Trump’s tweeting habits. Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 8(2), 36-47.
  • Arendt, H. (2017[1951]). Totalitarizmin kaynakları 3/totalitarizm. çev. İ. Serin, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Ataman, M. (2007). Uluslararası ekonomi politik: Güç siyasetinin ötesi. In Z. Dağı (der.), Uluslararası politikayı anlamak (pp. 446-508). İstanbul: Alfa Basım.
  • Barrera, O., Guriev, S., Henry, E. & Zhuravskaya, E. (2020). Facts, alternative facts, and fact checking in times of post-truth politics. Journal of Public Economics, 182, 1-19.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2018). Simülakrlar ve simülasyon. çev. O. Adanır, Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Bella, T. (2020). Pompeo says the U.S. is ‘certainly looking at’ banning Tiktok and other Chinese apps. [Available online at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/07/07/tiktok-ban-china-usa-pompeo/], Retrieved on 15 July 15, 2020.
  • Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. New York, USA: Hafner Press a Division of Macmillan Publishing.
  • Blackwill, R. D. & Wright, T. (2020). The end of world order and American foreign policy. Council Special Report, 86, 1-34.
  • Deutsche Welle, (2020). Bolton’ın Trump’ı yerden yere vuran kitabı satışa çıktı. [Available online at: https://p.dw.com/p/3eAt5], Retrieved on June 23, 2020. EAF, (2020). Trump’s Missteps in Managing the China Relationship. East Asia Forum, 1-4.
  • Evans, R. J. (2017). On tyranny by Timothy Snyder review – how to defend democracy in the age of Trump. [Available online at: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/08/on-tyranny-timothy-snyder-review-trump-twenty-lessons-democracy], Retrieved on May 31, 2020.
  • Ettinger, A. (2020). Principled realism and populist sovereignty in Trump’s foreign policy. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 33(3), 410-431.
  • Fazlıoğlu, İ. (2014). Hakikat ve itibar: Dış-dünya’nın bilgisinin doğası üzerine -XV. yüzyıl doğa felsefesi ve matematik açısından bir inceleme. Nazariyat: İslâm Felsefe ve Bilim Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 1-33.
  • Hilpert, H. G. & Wacker, G. (2020). Chinese narratives about the United States. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 12-15). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • Hilpert, H. G. (2020). Trade, economy and finance: Rivalries, conflicts, escalation risks. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 25-29). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • ISDP (2018). Breaking the mould: Trump’s China policy. Focus Asia Perspective & Analysis, 1-3.
  • Karadağ, G. H. & Ayten, A. (2020). Comparative study of verification/fact-checking organizatons in Turkey: dogrulukpayi.com and teyit.org. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, 13(29), 483-501.
  • Keyes, R. (2017). Hakikat sonrası çağ: Günümüz dünyasında yalancılık ve aldatma. çev. D. Özçetin, Ankara: Tudem (Delidolu) Yayın.
  • Khan, S. (2020). US-China relations were already heated. Then coronavirus threw fuel on the flames. [Available online at: https://theconversation.com/us-china-relations-were-already-heated-then-coronavirus-threw-fuel-on-the-flames-137886], Retrieved on July 10, 2020.
  • Liu, T. & Woo, W. T. (2018). Understanding the U.S.-China trade war. China Economic Journal, 11(3), 319-340.
  • Meltzer, J. P. & Shenai, N. (2019). The US-China economic relationship: A comprehensive approach. Brookings and American Enterprise Institute, 1-25.
  • NSC (National Security Council), (2017). United States strategic approach to the People’s Republic of China. [Available online at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/united-states-strategic-approach-to-the-peoples-republic-of-china/], Retrieved on May 26, 2020.
  • Ovalı, A. Ş. (2020). Türkiye-ABD ilişkilerinde twitter diplomasisi. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 17(65), 23-45.
  • Overhaus, M., Rudolf, P. & von Daniels, L. (2020). American perceptions of China. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 16-19). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • Oxford Dictionary, (2020). Post-truth. [Available online at: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/post-truth], Retrieved on May 28, 2020.
  • Pangrazio, L. (2018). What’s new about ‘fake news’? critical digital literacies: In an era of fake news, post-truth and clickbait. Revista Páginas de Educación, 11(1), 1-22.
  • Perthes, V. (2020). Dimensions of strategic rivalry: China, the United States and Europe’s place. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 5-8). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • Qayyum, A., Qadir, J., Janjua, M. U. & Sher, F. (2019). Using blockchain to rein in the new post-truth world and check the spread of fake news. IT Professional, 21(4), 16-24.
  • Rudolf, P. (2020). The Sino-American world conflict. In. B. Lippert & V. Perthes (Eds.), Strategic rivalry between United States and China (pp. 9-11). Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) Research Paper 4.
  • Schindler, S. (2020). The task of critique in times of post-truth politics. Review of International Studies, 1-19.
  • Sheng, L., Zhao, H. & Zhao, J. (2019). Why will Trump lose the trade war? China Economic Journal, 12(2), 137-159.
  • Sismondo, S. (2017). Post-truth?. Social Studies of Science, 47(1), 3–6.
  • Snyder, T. (2018). Tiranlık üzerine: Yirminci yüzyıldan yirmi ders. çev. Z. Enez, İstanbul: Olvido Kitap.
  • Steinberg, D. A. & Tan, Y. (2019). The political consequences of the US-China trade war: Understanding the Chinese public reaction. IPES 2019 Annual Meeting, 1-39.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, (2020). COVID-19 (Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı) nedir?. [Available online at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirus-hastaligi-nedir.html], Retrieved on July 9, 2020.
  • Terzi, A. (2020). Post-truth kavramı ve Türkçe karşılıkları üzerine. Türk Dili, 69(820), 80-86.
  • Trump, D. J. (2012). @realDonaldTrump, [Available online at: https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/265895292191248385], Retrieved on May 31.2020.
  • Trump, D. J. (2019). @realDonaldTrump, [Available online at: https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1165005929831702529], Retrieved on July 12, 2020.
  • Twitonomy, (2020), [Available online at: https://www.twitonomy.com/profile.php?sn=realDonaldTrump], Retrieved on June 15, 2020.
  • Wardle, C. (2017). Fake news. It’s complicated. [Available online at: https://medium.com/1st-draft/fake-news-its-complicated-d0f773766c79#.y8p67xwvw], Retrieved on May 29, 2020.
  • Wilsdon, J. (2018). The Brexit experience-evidence, expertise, and post-truth politics. Journal & Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 151(1), 45–49.
  • Xuetong, Y. (2010). The instability of China–US relations. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3, 263-292.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Selahattin Çavuş 0000-0003-0774-9594

Mehmet Öztürk 0000-0003-3556-9216

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çavuş, S., & Öztürk, M. (2021). Kovid-19’un ABD-Çin İlişkilerine Etkisini Trump’ın Twitter’daki Hakikat Ötesi Siyaseti Üzerinden Okumak. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 389-403. https://doi.org/10.36362/gumus.869935