Gümüşhane Üniversitesinin Dijital Dönüşüm ve Covid-19 Pandemisine İlişkin Çalışmalarının Değerlendirilmesi
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 177 - 187, 10.02.2022
Halil İbrahim Zeybek
,
Günay Çakır
,
Ferkan Sipahi
,
Handan Çam
Öz
Dünya, 2019 yılında ortaya çıkan ve 2020 yılı başında pandemiye dönüşen SARS-CoV virüs salgını ile mücadele etmeye başlamış ve salgın tüm yaşam biçimimizi etkilemiştir. Bu zorlu süreçte tüm insanlık bir arada savaş vermek zorunda kalmıştır. Salgından önce teknolojik gelişmeler ve çevresel kirlilikler hayatımızın her alanında etkili olmaya başlamışken, salgınla eğitimde de radikal değişiklikler olmuştur. Ülkemizde salgın öncesi az sayıda üniversite uzaktan eğitimde ön planda yer almıştır. Yükseköğretim Kurulu, pandemiden önce, üniversitelerde dijital teknoloji kullanımını yaygınlaştırma stratejisi ile geleceği görerek etkili bir adım atmış ve “Yükseköğrenimde Dijital Dönüşüm Projesi” başlatmıştır. Bilgi teknolojileri kullanımının yaygınlaşması, öğrenme tekniklerinin değişmesi, toplumsal istekler, öğrenen/öğreten profili ve son olarak pandemi, dijital dönüşümde etkili olmuştur. Dijital dönüşümün gerekliliği, pandemi döneminde daha belirgin şekilde anlaşılmıştır ve yaşanılan zorluklar, toplumlarda farklı eğilimlerin daha hızlı benimsenmesine neden olmuştur. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi de Yükseköğretim Kurulu’nun 2018 yılında başlattığı Dijital Dönüşüm Projesi’ne ikinci aşamada dahil olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı da Gümüşhane Üniversitesinin COVID-19 pandemisi dönemindeki dijital dönüşüm ve pandemi odaklı çalışmaların bir kısmını değerlendirmektir. Sonuç olarak, Gümüşhane Üniversitesinin pandemi
Kaynakça
- Referans1 Abdulrahim, H. ve Mabrouk, F. (2020). COVID-19 and the Digital Transformation of Saudi Higher Education. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 291-306.
- Referans2 Alexander, B., Becker, S. A., Cummins, M. ve Giesinger, C. H. (2017). Digital literacy in higher education, part II: An NMC Horizon project strategic brief (pp. 1-37). The New Media Consortium.
- Referans3 Ali, W. (2020). Online and remote learning in higher education institutes: A necessity in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher education studies, 10(3), 16-25.
- Referans4 Alipio, M. (2020). Education during COVID-19 era: Are learners in a less-economically developed country ready for e-learning?. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/216098 adresinden erişildi.
- Referans5 Beatty, B. (2014). Hybrid courses with flexible participation: The HyFlex course design. In Practical applications and experiences in K-20 blended learning environments (pp. 153-177). IGI Global.
- Referans6 Bonk, C. J. ve Graham, C. R. (2012). The handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs. John Wiley & Sons.
- Referans7 Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., ... ve Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1-126.
- Referans8 Bozkurt, A. ve Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), i-vi.
- Referans9 Brown, J. S. ve Duguid. P.(1996). Universities in the digital age. Change, 28(4), 10-19.
- Referans10 Connolly, M., Jones, N. ve Turner, D. (2006). E-learning: a fresh look. Higher education management and policy, 18(3), 1-12.
- Referans11 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi (2020). 2 Şubat 2020 tarihinde https://cbddo.gov.tr/projeler/dijitalturkiye-v1.0/tanimlar/ adresinden erişildi.
- Referans12 Demirbağ, K. Ş. ve Yıldırım, N. (2021). Revisiting the theoretical evolution of Industry 4.0: a thematic analysis of research focus. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 21(1), 20-46.
- Referans13 Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A. ve Larson, H. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(3), 1-2.
- Referans14 Deshmukh, S. R. (2020). Social realities of higher education in the age of uncertainties. Smart Moves Journal IJELLH, 8(4), 279-289.
- Referans15 Dijital Türkiye Platformu. (2020). 7 Ocak 2020 tarihinde Erişim: http://dijitalturkiyeplatformu.org/ adresinden erişildi.
- Referans16 Doghonadze, N., Aliyev, A., Halawachy, H., Knodel, L. ve Adedoyin, A. S. (2020). The degree of readiness to total distance learning in the face of COVID-19-teachers’ view (Case of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Nigeria, UK and Ukraine). Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 5(2), 2-41.
- Referans17 d’Orville, H. (2020). COVID-19 causes unprecedented educational disruption: Is there a road towards a new normal?. Prospects, 49, 11-15.
- Referans18 Duderstadt, J. J. (1998). Transforming the University To Serve the Digital Age. Cause/Effect, 20(4), 21-32.
- Referans19 Duderstadt, J. J. (2001). The future of the university in the digital age. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 145(1), 54-72.
- Referans20 El Maarouf, M. D., Belghazi, T. ve El Maarouf, F. (2021). COVID–19: A Critical Ontology of the present1. Educational philosophy and theory, 53(1), 71-89.
- Referans21 Gallacher, G. ve Hossain, I. (2020). Remote work and employment dynamics under COVID-19: Evidence from Canada. Canadian public policy, 46(S1), S44-S54.
- Referans22 Gazi, Z.A. ve Aksal F.A. (2011). Handbook of online pedagogy. Germany:LAP.
- Referans23 Gocha, A. (2021). IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE ACTIVITIES OF GEORGIAN BANKS. European science review, (1-2), 51-54.
- Referans24 Greenhow, C., Robelia, B. ve Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching, and scholarship in a digital age: Web 2.0 and classroom research: What path should we take now?. Educational researcher, 38(4), 246-259.
- Referans25 Gupta, A. ve Goplani, M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Educational Institution in India. Purakala Journal U (CARE Listed), 31(21), 661-671.
- Referans26 Gümüşoğlu, E. K. (2017). Yükseköğretimde dijital dönüşüm. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(4), 30-42.
- Referans27 Henrich, N. ve Holmes, B. (2011). Communicating during a pandemic: information the public wants about the disease and new vaccines and drugs. Health promotion practice, 12(4), 610-619.
- Referans28 Johnson, L., Levine, A., Smith, R. ve Stone, S. (2010). The 2010 Horizon Report. New Media Consortium. 6101 West Courtyard Drive Building One Suite 100, Austin, TX 78730.
- Referans29 Jones, S. C., Waters, L., Holland, O., Bevins, J. ve Iverson, D. (2010). Developing pandemic communication strategies: Preparation without panic. Journal of business research, 63(2), 126-132.
- Referans30 Kamenetz, A. (2010). DIY U: Edupunks, edupreneurs, and the coming transformation of higher education. Chelsea Green Publishing.
- Referans31 Knight, S. (2009). Effective Practice in a Digital Age. A guide to technology-enhanced learning and teaching. Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE).
- Referans32 Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. New York: Association Press.
- Referans33 Koçoglu, E. ve Tekdal, D. (2020). Analysis of Distance Education Activities Conducted during COVID-19 Pandemic. Educational Research and Reviews, 15(9), 536-543.
- Referans34 Koehler, M. ve Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)?. Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, 9(1), 60-70.
- Referans35 Kovalevskaia, N. V., Fedoritenko, I. A. ve Leahy, W. (2021). Chaos Theory: The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Wuhan, China from the perspective of international relations. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(68).
- Referans36 Lai, A. Y. (2012). Organizational collaborative capacity in fighting pandemic crises: a literature review from the public management perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 24(1), 7-20.
- Referans37 Lenzner, R. ve Johnson, S. S. (1997). Seeing things as they really are. Forbes, 159(5), 122-128.
- Referans38 Lin, L., McCloud, R. F., Jung, M. ve Viswanath, K. (2018). Facing a health threat in a complex information environment: a national representative survey examining American adults’ behavioral responses to the 2009/2010 A (H1N1) pandemic. Health Education & Behavior, 45(1), 77-89.
- Referans39 Lister, C. (2014). Changing role of the teacher in the dijital age. 1 Eylül 2021 http://christopherlister.ca/tiegrad-2/the-changing-role-of-the-teacher-in-the-digital-age/ tarihinde erişildi.
- Referans40 Lorenz, E. (1972). Predictability: does the flap of a butterfly's wing in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas? (p. 181). Paper presented at 139th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington DC.
- Referans41 Maloney, E. J. ve Joshua Kim, J. (2020). Fall Scenario #13: A HyFlex Model. Inside HigherEd. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/learning-innovation/fall-scenario-13-hyflex-model adresinden erişildi.
- Referans42 Manea, C. (2021). A Managerial Approach on Reputational Risks in the Banking Sector under the Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati: Fascicle: I, Economics & Applied Informatics, 27(1).
- Referans43 Matt, C., Hess, T. ve Benlian, A. (2015). Digital transformation strategies. Business & information systems engineering, 57(5), 339-343.
- Referans44MEB. (2020) Milli Eğitim, Özel Sayı, 49(1). ISSN:1302-5600. Ankara.
- Referans45 Njenga, J. K. ve Fourie, L. C. H. (2010). The myths about e‐learning in higher education. British journal of educational technology, 41(2), 199-212.
- Referans46 Pereira, A. G., Lima, T. M. ve Charrua-Santos, F. (2020). Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0: opportunities and threats. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(5), 3305-3308.
- Referans47 Postavaru, O., Anton, S. R. ve Toma, A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and chaos theory. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 181, 138-149.
- Referans48 Richardson, W. (2012). Why school: How education must change when learning and information are everywhere. Ted Conferences.
- Referans49 Sari, T. ve Nayır, F. (2020). Challenges in distance education during the (Covid-19) pandemic period. Qualitative Research in Education, 9(3), 328-360.
- Referans50 Seely Brown, J. ve Adler, R. P. (2008). Open education, the long tail, and learning 2.0. Educause review, 43(1), 16-20.
- Referans51 Siegrist, M. ve Zingg, A. (2014). The role of public trust during pandemics: Implications for crisis communication. European Psychologist, 19(1), 23-32.
- Referans52 Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: a learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1)
- Referans53 UNESCO. (2020b). Startling digital divides in distance learning emerge. UNESCO. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://en.unesco.org/news/startling-digital-divides-distance-learning-emerge adresinden erişildi.
- Referans54 WHO. (2020a). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. World health Organization. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 adresinden erişildi.
- Referans55 WHO. (2020b). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. World health Organization. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://covid19.who.int/ adresinden erişildi.
- Referans56 Yıldırım, N. ve Demirbağ, K. Ş. (2019, August). From Chaos to Calm: Industry 4.0 Practices of Turkish White Goods Companies. In Proceedings of the International Symposium for Production Research 2019 (pp. 278-287). Springer, Cham.
- Referans57 YÖK. (2019a). YÖK’ün “Yükseköğretimde Dijital Dönüşüm Projesi”nde İmzalar Atıldı. 7 Mart 2020 tarihinde https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/agri-dijital-donusum-tanitimtoplantisi.aspx adresinden erişildi.
- Referans58 YÖK. (2019b). Türkiye’nin Fırsat Penceresi: “Türk Yükseköğretimi” Toplantısı Muş’ta Gerçekleştirildi 2 Ocak 2020 tarihinde https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2019/turkiyenin-firsat-penceresi-turk-yuksekogretimi-toplantisi.aspx adresinden erişildi.
Evaluation of Gümüşhane University's Studies on Digital Transformation and Covid-19 Pandemic
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 177 - 187, 10.02.2022
Halil İbrahim Zeybek
,
Günay Çakır
,
Ferkan Sipahi
,
Handan Çam
Öz
The world started to struggle with the SARS-CoV virus epidemic, which emerged in 2019 and turned into a pandemic at the beginning of 2020, and the pandemic has affected our entire way of life. In this rough time, all humanity had to fight together. While technological developments and environmental pollution started to be effective in all areas of our lives before the pandemic, there have been radical changes in education with the pandemic. Before the pandemic in our country, few universities were at the forefront of distance education. Before the pandemic, the Council of Higher Education took an effective step by seeing the future with the strategy of extending the use of digital technologies in universities and started the "Digital Transformation Project in Higher Education." The widespread use of information technologies, changes in learning techniques, social demands, learner/teacher profile, and finally the pandemic have been effective in digital transformation. The necessity of digital transformation has been more clearly understood during the pandemic period, and the difficulties experienced have led to faster adoption of different trends in societies. Gümüşhane University was also involved in the second phase of the Digital Transformation Project initiated by the Council of Higher Education in 2018. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the digital transformation and pandemic-oriented studies of Gümüşhane University during the COVID-19 pandemic period. As a result, Gümüşhane University has carried out very successful activities during the pandemic and made significant efforts to spread digitalization in all areas of education.
Kaynakça
- Referans1 Abdulrahim, H. ve Mabrouk, F. (2020). COVID-19 and the Digital Transformation of Saudi Higher Education. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 291-306.
- Referans2 Alexander, B., Becker, S. A., Cummins, M. ve Giesinger, C. H. (2017). Digital literacy in higher education, part II: An NMC Horizon project strategic brief (pp. 1-37). The New Media Consortium.
- Referans3 Ali, W. (2020). Online and remote learning in higher education institutes: A necessity in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher education studies, 10(3), 16-25.
- Referans4 Alipio, M. (2020). Education during COVID-19 era: Are learners in a less-economically developed country ready for e-learning?. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/216098 adresinden erişildi.
- Referans5 Beatty, B. (2014). Hybrid courses with flexible participation: The HyFlex course design. In Practical applications and experiences in K-20 blended learning environments (pp. 153-177). IGI Global.
- Referans6 Bonk, C. J. ve Graham, C. R. (2012). The handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs. John Wiley & Sons.
- Referans7 Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., ... ve Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1-126.
- Referans8 Bozkurt, A. ve Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), i-vi.
- Referans9 Brown, J. S. ve Duguid. P.(1996). Universities in the digital age. Change, 28(4), 10-19.
- Referans10 Connolly, M., Jones, N. ve Turner, D. (2006). E-learning: a fresh look. Higher education management and policy, 18(3), 1-12.
- Referans11 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi (2020). 2 Şubat 2020 tarihinde https://cbddo.gov.tr/projeler/dijitalturkiye-v1.0/tanimlar/ adresinden erişildi.
- Referans12 Demirbağ, K. Ş. ve Yıldırım, N. (2021). Revisiting the theoretical evolution of Industry 4.0: a thematic analysis of research focus. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 21(1), 20-46.
- Referans13 Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A. ve Larson, H. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(3), 1-2.
- Referans14 Deshmukh, S. R. (2020). Social realities of higher education in the age of uncertainties. Smart Moves Journal IJELLH, 8(4), 279-289.
- Referans15 Dijital Türkiye Platformu. (2020). 7 Ocak 2020 tarihinde Erişim: http://dijitalturkiyeplatformu.org/ adresinden erişildi.
- Referans16 Doghonadze, N., Aliyev, A., Halawachy, H., Knodel, L. ve Adedoyin, A. S. (2020). The degree of readiness to total distance learning in the face of COVID-19-teachers’ view (Case of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Nigeria, UK and Ukraine). Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 5(2), 2-41.
- Referans17 d’Orville, H. (2020). COVID-19 causes unprecedented educational disruption: Is there a road towards a new normal?. Prospects, 49, 11-15.
- Referans18 Duderstadt, J. J. (1998). Transforming the University To Serve the Digital Age. Cause/Effect, 20(4), 21-32.
- Referans19 Duderstadt, J. J. (2001). The future of the university in the digital age. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 145(1), 54-72.
- Referans20 El Maarouf, M. D., Belghazi, T. ve El Maarouf, F. (2021). COVID–19: A Critical Ontology of the present1. Educational philosophy and theory, 53(1), 71-89.
- Referans21 Gallacher, G. ve Hossain, I. (2020). Remote work and employment dynamics under COVID-19: Evidence from Canada. Canadian public policy, 46(S1), S44-S54.
- Referans22 Gazi, Z.A. ve Aksal F.A. (2011). Handbook of online pedagogy. Germany:LAP.
- Referans23 Gocha, A. (2021). IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE ACTIVITIES OF GEORGIAN BANKS. European science review, (1-2), 51-54.
- Referans24 Greenhow, C., Robelia, B. ve Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching, and scholarship in a digital age: Web 2.0 and classroom research: What path should we take now?. Educational researcher, 38(4), 246-259.
- Referans25 Gupta, A. ve Goplani, M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Educational Institution in India. Purakala Journal U (CARE Listed), 31(21), 661-671.
- Referans26 Gümüşoğlu, E. K. (2017). Yükseköğretimde dijital dönüşüm. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(4), 30-42.
- Referans27 Henrich, N. ve Holmes, B. (2011). Communicating during a pandemic: information the public wants about the disease and new vaccines and drugs. Health promotion practice, 12(4), 610-619.
- Referans28 Johnson, L., Levine, A., Smith, R. ve Stone, S. (2010). The 2010 Horizon Report. New Media Consortium. 6101 West Courtyard Drive Building One Suite 100, Austin, TX 78730.
- Referans29 Jones, S. C., Waters, L., Holland, O., Bevins, J. ve Iverson, D. (2010). Developing pandemic communication strategies: Preparation without panic. Journal of business research, 63(2), 126-132.
- Referans30 Kamenetz, A. (2010). DIY U: Edupunks, edupreneurs, and the coming transformation of higher education. Chelsea Green Publishing.
- Referans31 Knight, S. (2009). Effective Practice in a Digital Age. A guide to technology-enhanced learning and teaching. Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE).
- Referans32 Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. New York: Association Press.
- Referans33 Koçoglu, E. ve Tekdal, D. (2020). Analysis of Distance Education Activities Conducted during COVID-19 Pandemic. Educational Research and Reviews, 15(9), 536-543.
- Referans34 Koehler, M. ve Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)?. Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, 9(1), 60-70.
- Referans35 Kovalevskaia, N. V., Fedoritenko, I. A. ve Leahy, W. (2021). Chaos Theory: The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Wuhan, China from the perspective of international relations. Cuestiones Políticas, 39(68).
- Referans36 Lai, A. Y. (2012). Organizational collaborative capacity in fighting pandemic crises: a literature review from the public management perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 24(1), 7-20.
- Referans37 Lenzner, R. ve Johnson, S. S. (1997). Seeing things as they really are. Forbes, 159(5), 122-128.
- Referans38 Lin, L., McCloud, R. F., Jung, M. ve Viswanath, K. (2018). Facing a health threat in a complex information environment: a national representative survey examining American adults’ behavioral responses to the 2009/2010 A (H1N1) pandemic. Health Education & Behavior, 45(1), 77-89.
- Referans39 Lister, C. (2014). Changing role of the teacher in the dijital age. 1 Eylül 2021 http://christopherlister.ca/tiegrad-2/the-changing-role-of-the-teacher-in-the-digital-age/ tarihinde erişildi.
- Referans40 Lorenz, E. (1972). Predictability: does the flap of a butterfly's wing in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas? (p. 181). Paper presented at 139th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington DC.
- Referans41 Maloney, E. J. ve Joshua Kim, J. (2020). Fall Scenario #13: A HyFlex Model. Inside HigherEd. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/learning-innovation/fall-scenario-13-hyflex-model adresinden erişildi.
- Referans42 Manea, C. (2021). A Managerial Approach on Reputational Risks in the Banking Sector under the Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati: Fascicle: I, Economics & Applied Informatics, 27(1).
- Referans43 Matt, C., Hess, T. ve Benlian, A. (2015). Digital transformation strategies. Business & information systems engineering, 57(5), 339-343.
- Referans44MEB. (2020) Milli Eğitim, Özel Sayı, 49(1). ISSN:1302-5600. Ankara.
- Referans45 Njenga, J. K. ve Fourie, L. C. H. (2010). The myths about e‐learning in higher education. British journal of educational technology, 41(2), 199-212.
- Referans46 Pereira, A. G., Lima, T. M. ve Charrua-Santos, F. (2020). Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0: opportunities and threats. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(5), 3305-3308.
- Referans47 Postavaru, O., Anton, S. R. ve Toma, A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and chaos theory. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 181, 138-149.
- Referans48 Richardson, W. (2012). Why school: How education must change when learning and information are everywhere. Ted Conferences.
- Referans49 Sari, T. ve Nayır, F. (2020). Challenges in distance education during the (Covid-19) pandemic period. Qualitative Research in Education, 9(3), 328-360.
- Referans50 Seely Brown, J. ve Adler, R. P. (2008). Open education, the long tail, and learning 2.0. Educause review, 43(1), 16-20.
- Referans51 Siegrist, M. ve Zingg, A. (2014). The role of public trust during pandemics: Implications for crisis communication. European Psychologist, 19(1), 23-32.
- Referans52 Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: a learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1)
- Referans53 UNESCO. (2020b). Startling digital divides in distance learning emerge. UNESCO. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://en.unesco.org/news/startling-digital-divides-distance-learning-emerge adresinden erişildi.
- Referans54 WHO. (2020a). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. World health Organization. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 adresinden erişildi.
- Referans55 WHO. (2020b). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. World health Organization. 1 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://covid19.who.int/ adresinden erişildi.
- Referans56 Yıldırım, N. ve Demirbağ, K. Ş. (2019, August). From Chaos to Calm: Industry 4.0 Practices of Turkish White Goods Companies. In Proceedings of the International Symposium for Production Research 2019 (pp. 278-287). Springer, Cham.
- Referans57 YÖK. (2019a). YÖK’ün “Yükseköğretimde Dijital Dönüşüm Projesi”nde İmzalar Atıldı. 7 Mart 2020 tarihinde https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/agri-dijital-donusum-tanitimtoplantisi.aspx adresinden erişildi.
- Referans58 YÖK. (2019b). Türkiye’nin Fırsat Penceresi: “Türk Yükseköğretimi” Toplantısı Muş’ta Gerçekleştirildi 2 Ocak 2020 tarihinde https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2019/turkiyenin-firsat-penceresi-turk-yuksekogretimi-toplantisi.aspx adresinden erişildi.