Bitkilerin Abiyotik Stres Faktörlerine Karşı Geliştirilen Cevaplar

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 192 - 207, 31.07.2017

Hasan Korkmaz , Alper Durmaz

Öz

Bitkiler hayatta kalabilmek
için, çevresel faktörlerin uygun değerler dışındaki etkilerini, stres olarak
algılamakta ve metabolizmalarında uygun fizyolojik cevaplar oluşturmaktadır.
Stresin geri dönüşümlü (elastik) ya da dönüşümsüz (plastik) etkileri türden
türe değişirken, geliştirilen cevaplar da türlere göre değişmektedir. Bu
çalışmada bitkiler için genel bir stres etkisi tanımlanması yapıldıktan sonra,
birçok abiyotik stres faktörlerine karşı farklı bitki gruplarında geliştirilen
stres cevaplarını açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bitki, Ekofizyoloji, Stres Cevapları, Stres Cevapları

Responses of Plants to Abiotic Stress Factors

Öz

In order to survive, plants
perceive the effects of environmental factors outside of optimal values as
stress, and create
appropriate physiological responses in their metabolism against to
stress. While reversible (elastic) or irreversible (plastic)
effects of stress vary from species to species, the responses that generated
also vary according to species. In this study, after describing a general
stress effect for plants, stress responses developed in different plant groups
against many abiotic stress factors are explained.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ecophysiology, Plant, Stress Responses

Kaynakça

• Acevedo, E., Hsiao, T. C. ve Henderson, D. W. 1971. Immediate and subsequent growth responses of maize leaves to changes in water statues. Plant Physiology, 48, 631–636.
• Ayaz, F. A. , Kadıoğlu, A. ve Turgut, R., 2000. Water stress effects on the content of low molecular weight carbohydrates and phenolic acids in Ctenanthe setosa (Rosc.) Eichler (Marantaceae). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 80, 373-378.
• Bensen, R. T., Boyer, J. S. ve Mullet J. E., 1988. Water deficit-induced changes in ABA, growth, plysomes, and tRNA in soybean hypocotyls. Plant Physiology, 88, 289-294.
• Bhagwat, A. A. ve Kumar, A. S., 1989. Comparative analysis of proteins induced by heat shock salinity, and osmotic stress in the nitrogen fixing Cyanobacterium sp. strain L-31. Journal of Bacteriology 171 (9), 5187-5189.
• Boscaiu, M., Ballesteros, G., Naranjo, M. A., Vicente, O. ve Boira, H., 2011. Responses to salt stres in Juncus acutus and J. maritimus during seed germination and vegetative plant growth. Plant Biosystems, 145 (4), 770-777.
• Bray, E. A., 1988. Drough-and-ABA induced changes in polypeptide and mRNA accumulation in tomato leaves. Plant Physiology, 88, 1210-1214.
• Burke, M. J., Gusta, L. V., Quammer, H. A., Weiser, C. J. ve Li, P. H., 1976. Freezing and injury in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 27, 507-528.
• Burke, J. J. ve Orzech, K. A., 1988. The heat-shock response in higher plants: A biochemical model. Plant, Cell and Environment, 11, 441-444.
• Flowers, T. S., Troke, P. F. ve Yeo, A. R. 1977. The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 28, 89-121.
• Graham, D. ve Patterson, B. D., 1982. Response of plants to low nonfreezing temperatures: Proteins, metabolism, and acclimation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 33, 347-372.
• Hsiao, T. C., 1973. Plant responses to water stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 24, 519-570.
• Jacksons, M. B., 1985. Ethylene and responses of plants to soils waterlogging submergence. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 36, 145-174.
• Jefferies, R. L., 1981. Osmotic adjusment and the response of halophytic plants to salinity. Bio Since, 31 (1), 42-46.
• Kaiser, W. M., 1987. Effects of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity. Physiologia plantarum, 71, 142-149.
• Key, J. L., Kimpel, J., Vierling, E., Lin, C., Nagao, R. T., Czarnecka, E. ve Schöffl F., 1985, Physiological and molecular analysis of the heat-shock response in plants. Changes in Eukaryotic Gene Expression in Respons to Environmental Sress, Atkinson B. G. ve Walden, D. B. (eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 237-348.
• Kriedemann, P. E. ve Loveys B. R., 1974, Hormonal meditasyon of plant responses to environmental stress. Mechanism of Plant Growth. Bieleski, R. L., Ferguson, A. R. and Creswell, M. M. (eds.), The Royal Society of New Zelland, Wellington, pp. 461-465.
• Larcher, W., Holzner, M. ve Pichler, J., 1989. Temperaturresistenz inneralpiner trockenrasen (Temperature resistance of Graminoid from a dry valley of the Central Alps). Flora, 183, 115-131.
• Larcher, W. 1995, Physiological Plant Ecology. Springer, Berlin, 506p.
• Lewitt, J. 1980, Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses. Second Ed., Vols. I II. New York and London Academic Press, ISBN 10: 0124455018, 497p.
• Mooney, H. A., Gulmon, S. L., Ehleringer, J. ve Rundel, P. W., 1980. Atmospheric water uptake by an Atacamo desert shrub. Science, 209, 693-694.
• Neumann, P. M., Van Volkenburgh, E. ve Cleland, R. E., 1988. Salinity stress inhibits bean leaf expansion by reducing turgor, not wall extensibility. Plant Physiology, 88, 233-237.
• Raineri, A., Bernardi, P., Lanese, R. ve Soldatini, G. F., 1989. Change in free amino acid content and protein pattern of maize seedling under water sterss. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 29 (3), 351-357.
• Ramagopal, S., 1987. Messenger RNA changes during drought stress in maize leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 129, 311-317.
• Sakai, A. ve Larcher, W., 1987, Frost survival of plants. Responses and adaptations to freezing stress. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 321p.
• Sakurai, N. ve Kuraishi, S., 1988. Water potential and mechanical properties of the cell wall of hypocotyls of dark grown squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) under water stress conditions. Plant Cell Physiology, 29 (8), 1337-1343.
• Salisbury, F. B. ve Marinos, N. G., 1985, The ecological role of plant growth substances. Encylopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol. 11, Hormonal regulatin of development, III: Role of Environmental Factors. Pharis, R.P. ve Reid, D.M. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 707-776.
• Salisbury, F. B. ve Ross, C. W. 1992, Plant Physiology. 4.ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, 682p.
• Steponkus, P. L., 1984. Role of the plasma membrane in freezing injury and cold acclimation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 35, 543-693.
• Stewart, C. K. ve Lee, J. A. 1974. The role of proline accumulation in halophytes. Planta, 120, 279-289.
• Terzi, R. ve Kadıoğlu, A., 2006. Drought stress tolerance and the antioxidant enzyme system in Ctenanthe setosa. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 48 (2), 89-96.
• Troughton, J. ve Donaldson, L. A., 1972, Probing plant structure: a scanning electron microscope study of some anatomical features in plants and the relationship of these structures to physiological processes. London, Chapman & Hall, 116 p.
• Turner, N. C. ve Madelaine, M. J., 1980, Turgor maintenance by osmotic adjusment: A review and eveluation. Adaptation of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress. Turner, N. C. and Kramer P. J. (eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 87-103.
• Ungar, I. A., 1977. The relationship between soil water and plant water potential in two inland halophytes under field conditions. Botanical Gazzette, 138, 498-501.
• Vu, J. C. V. ve Yelenosky, G., 1988. Water deficit and associated changes in some photosyntetic parameters in leaves of “valencia” orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Obseck). Plant Physiology, 88, 375-378.
• Walton, D.C., 1980. Biochemistry and physiology of absisic acid. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 31, 453-489.
• Yoshida, S., Niki, T. ve Sakai, A., 1979, Possible involvement of the tonoplast lesione in chilling injury of cultured plant cells. Low Temperature in Crop Plants. J. M. Lyons, Graham, D. ve Raison, J. K. (eds.), Academic press, New York, pp. 275-290.