Degradation evaluation of titanium dioxide under stress factors

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 116 - 126, 15.01.2023

Ayşegül Taşçıoğlu , Gökhan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1018705

Öz

TiO2 is used in many sectors of industry such as health, food, defense, and energy. It is a well-known fact that TiO2 is especially used in applications in the field of organic hybrid solar cells (OHSC) as an electron transfer layer in the energy sector. However, the OHSCs have a degradation problem because of atmospheric stress factors such as laboratory atmosphere, prolonged light application (light soaking), and UV light. To understand the meta/instability problem in OHSC, it is required to be examined independently for each layer consisting of the solar cell. In this study, the TiO2 layer, widely used in OHSC applications, was grown on a rough glass substrate using a spin coating method. TiO2 layer was structurally and electrically characterized by XRD and photoconductivity methods respectively. TiO2 layer was characterized by exposure step by step to stress factors that are stated to cause electronic meta/instability in organic hybrid solar cells. Mobility-lifetime products were calculated from the flux-dependent photoconductivity and correlated with the electronic defects in the material due to stress factors. The findings in experiments show the laboratory atmosphere creates surface-related defects that can be eliminated by annealing. Light soaking, UV aging, and oxygen aging also create electronic defects associated with bandgap energy positions. These defects are partially eliminated with an annealing application.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electronic degradation, Mobility-lifetime product, Photoconductivity, Spin coating, Stress factors, Titanium dioxide.

Teşekkür

The authors would like thank Dr. Friedhelm FINGER and Julich Research Center Germany for their donation. The authors also would like to thank the editors and referees for their contributions during the review and evaluation phase of the article.

Titanyum dioksitin stres faktörleri altında bozunma değerlendirmesi

Öz

TiO2 sağlık, gıda, savunma ve enerji gibi birçok sanayi sektöründe kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle organik hibrit güneş pilleri (OHGP) alanındaki uygulamalarda elektron transfer katmanı olarak kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Ancak OHGP, laboratuvar atmosferi, ışıkta banyosu ve UV ışığı gibi dış stres faktörleri nedeniyle bozulma sorununa sahiptir. OHGP'de kısmi-kararsızlık/kararsızlık sorununun anlaşılabilmesi için hücreyi oluşturan her tabaka için ayrı ayrı incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, OHGP uygulamalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan TiO2 tabakası pürüzlü cam taban malzeme üzerine Spin kaplama yöntemi ile büyütülmüştür. TiO2 tabakası, sırasıyla XRD ve fotoiletkenlik yöntemi ile yapısal ve elektriksel olarak karakterize edilmiştir. TiO2 tabakası, organik hibrit güneş pillerinde elektronik kısmi-kararsızlık/kararsızlık neden olduğu belirtilen stres faktörlerine birer birer maruz bırakılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Mobilite-yaşam süresi çarpımı, ışık akısına bağlı fotoiletkenlikten hesaplanmış ve stres faktörlerinden dolayı malzemedeki elektronik kusurlarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Deneylerdeki bulgular, laboratuvar atmosferinin, tavlama ile ortadan kalkabilen yüzeyle ilgili kusurlar oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Işık banyosu, UV yaşlanması ve oksijen yaşlanması da bant aralığı enerji konumlarıyla bağlantılı elektronik kusurlar yaratmaktadır. Tavlama uygulaması ile bu kusurlar kısmen ortadan kalkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektronik bozunma, Mobilite-yaşam süresi çarpımı, Fotoiletkenlik, Spin kaplama, Stres faktörleri, Titanyum dioksit.

Kaynakça

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