Çocuk parklarından toplanan yüzey tozlarında element seviyelerinin ve sağlık risklerinin değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 283 - 299, 15.03.2024

Ayçacan Kaya Melik Kara

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1363861

Öz

Çocuk parkları, çocukların zamanlarının önemli bir kısmını geçirdiği, oyun oynadığı ve sosyalleştiği alanlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak kent merkezlerinde yer alan oyun parkları hem kentteki kirletici kaynaklardan hem de yapılarında kullanılan malzemelerden salınan emisyonlardan etkilenmektedirler. Bu çalışma çocuk parklarında maruz kalınan element seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve bu elementlerin oluşturduğu potansiyel sağlık risklerinin hesaplanması için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada İzmir’in Buca ilçesindeki çocuk parklarından 28 park seçilerek yüzey tozu örnekleri toplanmıştır. Toplanan örneklerde 25 elementin enstrümantal analizleri gerçekleştirilerek konsantrasyonları belirlenmiş ve parkların taban kaplamasına (kauçuk, beton ve kum) göre değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek element konsantrasyonları kauçuk kaplamalı parklarda ve özellikle Zn, Ba, Cu, Pb, Co ve Sb elementleri için belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan çocuk parklarından toplanan yüzey tozundaki toksik özelliklere sahip elementlere maruziyet sonucunda oluşabilecek sağlık etkileri (kanserojen olmayan riskler ve kanser riskleri) ABD Çevre koruma ajansının (EPA) yayınladığı model kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Buna göre Co ve As elementleri için kanserojen olmayan sağlık risklerini temsil eden tehlike indeksi değeri sınır değere çok yakın hesaplanırken toplam tehlike indeksi değeri ise sınır değeri aşmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elementler, İzmir, Oyun parkları, Sağlık risk değerlendirmesi

Assessment of element levels and health risks in playgrounds surface dust

Öz

Playgrounds are the areas where children spend a significant part of their time, play games and socialize each other. However, playgrounds located in city centers are affected by the emissions released from both the materials used in their structures and pollutant sources in the city. This study was carried out to determine exposed element concentrations and to figure out the potential health risks posed by toxic elements. In the study, surface dust samples were collected from 28 playgrounds in Buca, Izmir. The concentrations of 25 elements were determined and evaluated according to the floor covering (rubber, concrete and sand) of the playgrounds. The highest element concentrations were measured in rubber coated playgrounds and especially for Zn, Ba, Cu, Pb, Co and Sb elements. On the other hand, the health risks (non-carcinogenic risks and cancer risks) were determined using the model published by the US Environmental protection agency (EPA). The non-carcinogenic risks of Co and As were found close to limit value but total Hazard index (HI) of elements was calculated higher than safe limit for children.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elements, Izmir, Playgrounds, Health risk assessment

Kaynakça

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