Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalarının Diyet Alımının Hastalığın Evrelerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 1 - 13, 23.03.2025

Buse Sarıkaya , Şule Aktaç , Erdoğan Çetinkaya

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1505155

Öz

Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) tedavisinin bir parçası olarak, anti-inflamatuar gıdalar bakımından zengin beslenme düzenleri önerilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı evrelerdeki KOAH hastalarının beslenme alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmektir.
KOAH tanısı alan, orta, ağır ve çok ağır olmak üzere farklı evrelerde, 50-80 yaş arası 65 hasta üzerinde kesitsel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların beslenme alışkanlıkları 24 saatlik besin tüketim kayıtlarından elde edilmiştir. Enerji ve besin alımı, Türk Gıda Bileşenleri Veritabanı'nı kullanan BEBİS 8.1 beslenme analiz programıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Beslenme alışkanlıkları Türkiye Beslenme Rehberleri’nin önerileri ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Hastaların yaş ortalaması 65.16 ± 7.69 yıl olup, çoğunluğunun erkek olduğu saptanmıştır (%86.2, n=56). Ağır hastaların omega-3, enerji ve protein alımı en düşük seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur. Ortalama enerji alımı Beslenme Referans Alımı (DRA) %67.64 ± 33.11’ini karşılamıştır ve en düşük karşılama oranı ağır grupda saptanmıştır. Toplam enerji (r=-0.282), karbonhidrat (r=-0.258) ve sodyum alımı Zorlu Ekspiratuvar Volüm 1. Saniye/ Zorlu Vital Kapasite (FEV1/FVC) ile negatif korelasyon göstermiştir (p<0.05).
Çalışma, ağır KOAH hastalarının enerji, protein, karbonhidrat ve omega-3 alımının düşük olduğunu, temel mikrobesin maddelerinin ise önerilen düzeylerin altında kaldığını buldu. Bu bulgular göz önüne alındığında, diyetisyenler KOAH hastalarının enerji ve protein ihtiyaçlarını doğru bir şekilde değerlendirmeli ve antioksidan desteği sağlamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

KOAH, besin alımı, besin eksiklikleri, makrobesinler, mikrobesinler

Evaluation of Dietary Intake of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Patients Based on Severity

Öz

ABSTRACT
Dietary patterns high in anti-inflammatory foods are recommended as part of the treatment for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to assess the dietary intake of COPD at different severity levels.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 patients aged 50-80 diagnosed with COPD differen severity as moderate, severe and very severe. Participants' nutritional intake was calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls. Energy and nutritional intake were evaluated using the BEBIS 8.1 dietary analysis program, which utilizes the Turkish Food Composition Database. Dietary intake was compared against the Turkey Dietary Guidelines.
The mean age of the patients was 65.16 ± 7.69 years, with the majority being male, 86.2% (n=56). Severe patients had the lowest intake of omega-3, energy, and protein. Energy intake meeting the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) levels was 67.64 ± 33.11%, with the lowest in the severe group. Total energy (r=-0.282), carbohydrate (r=-0.258), and sodium intake were negatively correlated with Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second/ Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC), (p<0.05).
The study found that patients with severe COPD have lower intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, and omega-3, with essential micronutrients falling below 60% of recommended levels. Given these findings, Nutrition specialists should accurately assess the energy and protein needs of COPD patients and provide antioxidant support.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COPD, dietary intake, macronutrients, micronutrients, nutrient deficiencies

Kaynakça

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