Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2020, , 125 - 162, 15.04.2020

Tolga Ökten

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.719975
Cited By: 1

Öz

The concept of Revolution in Military Affairs periodically develops under the influence of technological or organizational innovations and determines the balance between fire and manoeuvre. In the historical context, it can be seen that Revolution in Military Affairs affects fire when triggered by technological innovations and affects manoeuvre when triggered by organizational innovations. This balance can be compared to the swing of a pendulum. The place of the pendulum determines the aims and the methods of contemporary battles. This continuous transformation affects the decision about whether the battles would be conducted by close combat with conventional manoeuvres or by using fire from distant places. This decision constitutes the centuries long argument between fire and manoeuvre. The contemporary debate of Revolution in Military Affairs can be seen as a continuity of this argument.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Revolution in Military Affairs Fire Manoeuvre Technology Organization

Kaynakça

  • ANTAL, John F. The Ascendancy of Fires, U.S. Army War College, Pennsylvania, 1998.
  • ARQUILLA John, RONFELDT David, Swarming and the Future of Conflict, RAND, California, 2000.
  • BAILEY, Jonathan B. A. “The First World War and the Birth of Modern Warfare”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 132-153.
  • BIDDLE, Stephen, Military Power Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle, Princeton University, New Jersey, 2004.
  • BIDDLE, Stephen ve FRIEDMAN Jeffrey A. The 2006 Lebanon Campaign and the Future of Warfare: Implications for Army and Defense Policy, Strategic Studies Institute, Pennsylvania, 2008.
  • BLACK, Jeremy, Savaş ve Dünya, çev:Yeliz Özkan, Dost Kitapevi, Ankara, 2009.
  • CARTER, Ashton B., LETTRE, Marcel ve SMITH, Shane, “Keeping the Technological Edge”, Ashton B. Carter ve John P. White (ed.), Keeping the Edge Managing Defense for the Future, Puritan, New Hampshire, 2000, 129-164.
  • CEBROWSKI, Arthur K. Military Transformation A Strategic Approach, Office of Force Transformation, Washington, 2003.
  • CITINO, Robert. “Beyond Fire and Movement: Command, Control and Information in the German Blitzkrieg.” Journal of Strategic Studies, 2004, Sayı:27/2, 324-344.
  • CLAUSEWITZ, Carl von. Savaş Üzerine, çev: H. Fahri Çeliker, Özne Yayınları, İstanbul, 1999.
  • Kelly DeVries, “Facing the New Technology: Gunpowder Defenses in Military Architecture Before the Trace Italienne, 1350-1500”, Brett D. Steele ve Tamera Dorland (ed.), The Heirs of Archimedes: Science and the Art of War through the Age of Enlightenment, The MIT Press Cambridge, 2005, 37-71.
  • DELBRÜCK, Hans. Hans Delbrück, History of the art of War Within the Framework of Political History Volume IV The Modern Era, çev: Walter J. Renfroe, Jr., Greenwood, Connecticut, 1990.
  • DEPTULA, David. Effects Based Operations: Change in the Nature of Warfare, Aerospace Education Foundation, Virginia, 2001.
  • DOUHET, Giulio. The Command of the Air. çev: Dino Ferrari, Office of Air Force History, Washington, 1983.
  • DUPUY, Trevor. The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare, Bobbs-Merrill, New York, 1980.
  • ECHEVARRIA II, Antulio J., Toward an American Way of War, Strategic Studies Institute, Pennsylvania, 2004.
  • FEHRENBACH, Theodore R.. This Kind of War The Classic Korean War History, Macmillan, New York, 1963.
  • Field Manual 2-0 Intelligence, Headquarters Department of the Army, Washington, 2004.
  • Field Manual 3-0 C 1 Operations, Headquarters Department of the Army, Washington, 2011.
  • Field Manual 3-24 - Marine Corps Warfighting Publication No. 3-33.5, University of Chicago, Chicago, 2007.
  • GRAY, Colin, Strategy for Chaos Revolutions in Military Affairs and the Evidence of History, Frank Cass, Oregon, 2002.
  • HART, Liddell B. H. Strateji: Dolaylı Tutum, çev. Cemal Enginsoy, ASAM, Ankara, 2002.
  • HEDSTROM, Marvin A., Limited War in the Precision Engagement Era: The Balance Between Dominant Maneuver and Precision Engagement, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, Kansas, 2001.
  • HOUSE, Jonathan M. Toward Combined Arms Warfare: A Survey of 20th Century Tactics, Doctrine, and Organization, Combat Studies Institute, Kansas, 1984.
  • HUNDLEY, Richard O., Past Revolutions Future Transformations. RAND, California, 1999.
  • JACOBS, Jody, JOHNSON, David E., COMANOR, Katherine, JAMISON, Lewis, JOE, Leland ve VAUGHAN, David, Enhancing Fires and Maneuver Capability through Greater Air-Ground Joint Interdependence, RAND, California, 2009.
  • JOHNSON, David E., Learning Large Lessons The Evolving Roles of Ground Power and Air Power in the Post–Cold War Era, RAND, California, 2007.
  • Joint Publication 3-0 Joint Operations, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, 2017.
  • Joint Vision 2020. America’s Military - Preparing for Tomorrow National Defense, Institute for National Strategic Studies. Washington, 2000.
  • KING, Anthony, The Combat Soldier Infantry Tactics and Cohesion in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries, Oxford University, Oxford, 2013.
  • KIRAS, James D, Special Operations and Strategy from World War II to the War on Terrorism, Routledge, Oxford, 2006.
  • KNOX, MacGregor. “Mass Politics and Nationalism as Military Revolution: The French Revolution and After”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 57-73.
  • KREPINEVICH, Andrew ve WATTS, Barry, The Last Warrior, Basic Books. New York, 2015.
  • LEONHARD Robert R., The Art of Maneuver: Maneuver Warfare Theory and AirLand Battle, Presidio, California, 1991.
  • LIND, William S., Maneuver Warfare Handbook, Westview, Colorado, 1985.
  • LINK, Charles D., “The Role of the US Air Force in the Employment of Air Power”, Richard H. Shultz, Jr. ve Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, (ed.), The Future of Air Power in the Aftermath of the Gulf War, Air University, Alabama, 2002, 83-87.
  • LYNN, John A., “Forging the Western Army in Seventeenth Century France”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 35-56.
  • MARTINAGE, Robert. Toward a New Offset Strategy Exploiting U.S. Long-term Advantages to Restore U.S. Global Power Projection Capability,Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Washington , 2014,
  • METS, David R. The Long Search for a Surgical Strike Precision Munitions and the Revolution in Military Affairs, CADRE Paper No.12, Air University, Alabama, 2001.
  • MIKSCHE, Ferdinand Otto, Attack: A Study of Blitzkrieg Tactics, Random House, New York, 1942.
  • MUELLER, Karl P. Air Power. RAND, California, 2010.
  • MUELLER, Karl P., “Examining the Air Campaign in Libya”, Karl P. Mueller (ed.), Precision and Purpose: Airpower in the Libyan Civil War, RAND, California, 2015, 1-10.
  • MURRAY, Williamson ve KNOX, MacGregor. “Thinking About Revolutions in Warfare”, Williamson Murray ve MacGregor Knox (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 1-14.
  • OWENS, William. “Introduction”, Dominant Battlespace Knowledge, Martin C. Libicki ve Stuart E. Johnson (ed.), National Defense University, Washington, 1995b, s.ii-viii.
  • PARKER, Geoffrey, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 1988.
  • RAYMOND, A. Dwight, Firepower, Maneuver, and the Operational Level of War A Monograph, Infantry School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, Kansas, 1992.
  • ROBERTS, Michael, “The Military Revolution, 1560-1660”, Essays in Swedish History, London, 1967, s. 195-225.
  • ROGERS, Clifford J. “‘As if a New Sun had Arisen’": England’s Fourteenth-Century RMA”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 15-34.
  • SCALES, Robert H. Jr., United States Army in the Gulf War Certain Victory.Washington: Office of the Chief of Staff United States Army, Washington, 1993.
  • SHOWALTER, Dennis E., “The Prusso-German RMA 1840-1871”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 92-113.
  • TOFFLER Alvin ve TOFFLER Heidi, War and Anti-War: Survival at the Dawn of the 21st Century, Little Brown, Boston, 1993.
  • VICKERS, Michael G. ve MARTİNAGE, Robert C., The Revolution in War, Washington: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. 2004.
  • WATTS, Barry D. The Maturing Revolution in Military Affairs, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Washington, 2011,
  • WATTS, Barry D. The Evolution Of Precision Strike, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Washington, 2013.
  • WILLS, Craig, Airpower, Afghanistan, and the Future of Warfare An Alternative View, CADRE Paper No. 25, Air University, Alabama, 2016.
  • BENGO, Yacov ve SEGAL Giora. “The Post-Operational Level Age: The Operational Focus Approach, Part 2.” Infinity Journal, 2015, Sayı:4/4, 3-10.
  • BIDDLE, Stephen, “Offense, Defense and the End of the Cold War: Criteria for an Appropriate Balance”, Defense Analysis, 1995, Sayı:11/1, 65-74.
  • BIDDLE, Stephen. “The Past as Prologue: Assessing Theories of Future Warfare”, Security Studies, Sayı:8/1, 1-74.
  • BOOT, Max. “The New American Way of War”, Foreign Affairs, 2003, Sayı:82/4, 41–58.
  • CEBROWSKI, Arthur K. ve GARSKA, John H. “Network-Centric Warfare: Its Origin and Future.” US Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, 1998, http://www.iwar.org.uk/rma/ resources/ncw/network-centric-warfare.htm, (Erişim tarihi: 07.06.2018).
  • CZEGE, Huba Wass de ve ECHEVARRIA, J. Antulio. “Landpower and Future Strategy: Insights from the Army after Next”, Joint Forces Quarterly. 1999, Sayı:21, 62-69.
  • ECHEVARRIA II, Antulio J., “Interdependent Maneuver for the 21st Century” Joint Forces Quarterly, 2000, Sayı: 26, 11-19.
  • HANDEL, Michael. “Clausewitz in the Age of Technology”, Journal of Strategic Studies, 1986, Sayı:9/2-3, 51-92.
  • IGNATIEFF, Michael. “The New American Way of War”, The New York Review of Books, 2000, Sayı:47/12, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2000/07/20/the-new-american-way-of-war, (Erişim tarihi: 07.06 Haziran 2018).
  • KALDOR, Mary, “The ‘New War’ in Iraq”, Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory, 2006, Sayı:109, 1-27.
  • KREPINEVICH, Andrew, “Cavalry to Computer the Pattern of Military Revolutions”, The National Interest, 1994, Sayı:37, 30-42.
  • KREPINEVICH, Andrew. “Needed: A Smaller and Very Different U.S. Military”, Policy Sciences, 1996, Sayı:29/2, 81-112.
  • LEVINSON, Rob.,“What Do We Do Next Time? Fighting America’s Wars after Iraq.” Air and Space Power Journal, 2007, Sayı:21/4, 28-30.
  • LIEBER, Keir A., “Grasping the Technological Peace The Offense-Defense Balance and International Security”, International Security, 2000, Sayı:25/2, 71–104.
  • LIND, William S., NIGHTENGALE, Keith, SCHMITT, John F., SUTTON, Joseph W. ve WILSON, Gary I., “The Changing Face of War: Into the Fourth Generation.” Marine Corps Gazette, 1989, Sayı:73/10, 22-26.
  • MURRAY, Williamson. “Thinking About Revolutions in Military Affairs.” Joint Force Quarterly, 1997, Sayı:16, 69-76.
  • O’HANLON, Michael, “Can High Technology Bring U. S. Troops Home”, Foreign Policy, Sayı:113, 1998-1999, 72-86.
  • OGARKOV, Marshal N. V., “The Defense of Socialism: Experience of History and the Present Day,” Red Star, 1984.
  • OWENS, William. The Emerging System of Systems.” US Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, 1995a, Sayı:121/5, 35-39.
  • PAPE, Robert A. “The Limits of Precision-Guided Air Power”, Security Studies, 1997a, Sayı:7/2, 93-114.
  • PAPE, Robert A. “The Air Force Strikes Back: A Reply to Barry Watts and John Warden.” Security Studies, 1997b, Sayı:7/2, 191-214.
  • PARKER, Geoffrey, “The Military Revolution 1560-1660-A Myth?”, Journal of Modern History, 1976, Sayı:48/2, 195-214.
  • PARKER, Geoffrey. “Military Revolutions, Past and Present.” Historically Speaking. 2003, Sayı:4/4, 2-7.
  • RAUDZENS, George, “War-Winning Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History”, Journal of Military History, 2000, Sayı:54/4, 403-434.
  • REILLY, Henry J. “Blitzkrieg”, Foreign Affairs, 1940, Sayı:18/2, 254-265.
  • ROGERS, Clifford J., “The Military Revolutions of the Hundred Years War.” The Journal of Military History, 1993, Sayı:57/2, 241-278.
  • RUMSFELD, Donald H., “Transforming the Military”, Foreign Affairs, 2002, Sayı:81/3, 20-32.
  • THOMPSON, Michael J., “Military Revolutions and Revolutions in Military Affairs: Accurate Descriptions of Change or Intellectual Constructs?”, Strata, 82-108, http://artsites.uottawa.ca/strata/doc/strata3_082-108.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 07.06.2018).
  • TOOKE, Lamar, “Blending Maneuver and Attrition”, Military Review The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army, 2000, Sayı:90/2, 7-13.
  • VAN EVERA, Stephen, “Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War”, International Security, 1998, Sayı:22/4, 5-43.
  • WARDEN, John A. “The Enemy As A System”, Airpower Journal, 1995, Sayı:9/1, 40-55.
  • DEPTULA, David, “ABD Savunma Bakanlığı’nda verilen basın bilgilendirmesi”, 2009, http://archive.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=4451, (Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2018.

Askerî Alanda Devrim: Ateş Gücü–Manevra Dengesi

Yıl 2020, , 125 - 162, 15.04.2020

Tolga Ökten

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.719975
Cited By: 1

Öz

Askerî Alanda Devrimler dönemsel olarak teknolojik ya da organizasyonel yeniliklerin etkisi altında gelişerek, ateş gücü ve manevra arasındaki dengeyi belirlemektedir. Tarihsel sürece bakıldığında, Askerî Alanda Devrimlerin, teknolojik yeniliklerce tetiklendiğinde ateş gücü, organizasyonel yeniliklerce tetiklendiğinde ise manevra boyutunda etkili oldukları görülmektedir. Dengenin ateş gücü ya da manevra tarafında olması, muharebe amaç ve yöntemlerini dönüştürmektedir. Yüzyıllardır tekrar eden bu dönüşümler, muharebelerin konvansiyonel manevralarla yakın temasa girilerek ya da uzak mesafelerden ateş gücü kullanılarak sürdürülmesi kararını etkilemektedir. Bu karar, yüzyıllardır ateş gücü ve manevra etrafında sürdürülen tartışmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzde yaşanan Askerî Alanda Devrim tartışması da bu sürecin devamıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Askerî Alanda Devrim Ateş Gücü Manevra Teknoloji Organizasyon

Kaynakça

  • ANTAL, John F. The Ascendancy of Fires, U.S. Army War College, Pennsylvania, 1998.
  • ARQUILLA John, RONFELDT David, Swarming and the Future of Conflict, RAND, California, 2000.
  • BAILEY, Jonathan B. A. “The First World War and the Birth of Modern Warfare”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 132-153.
  • BIDDLE, Stephen, Military Power Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle, Princeton University, New Jersey, 2004.
  • BIDDLE, Stephen ve FRIEDMAN Jeffrey A. The 2006 Lebanon Campaign and the Future of Warfare: Implications for Army and Defense Policy, Strategic Studies Institute, Pennsylvania, 2008.
  • BLACK, Jeremy, Savaş ve Dünya, çev:Yeliz Özkan, Dost Kitapevi, Ankara, 2009.
  • CARTER, Ashton B., LETTRE, Marcel ve SMITH, Shane, “Keeping the Technological Edge”, Ashton B. Carter ve John P. White (ed.), Keeping the Edge Managing Defense for the Future, Puritan, New Hampshire, 2000, 129-164.
  • CEBROWSKI, Arthur K. Military Transformation A Strategic Approach, Office of Force Transformation, Washington, 2003.
  • CITINO, Robert. “Beyond Fire and Movement: Command, Control and Information in the German Blitzkrieg.” Journal of Strategic Studies, 2004, Sayı:27/2, 324-344.
  • CLAUSEWITZ, Carl von. Savaş Üzerine, çev: H. Fahri Çeliker, Özne Yayınları, İstanbul, 1999.
  • Kelly DeVries, “Facing the New Technology: Gunpowder Defenses in Military Architecture Before the Trace Italienne, 1350-1500”, Brett D. Steele ve Tamera Dorland (ed.), The Heirs of Archimedes: Science and the Art of War through the Age of Enlightenment, The MIT Press Cambridge, 2005, 37-71.
  • DELBRÜCK, Hans. Hans Delbrück, History of the art of War Within the Framework of Political History Volume IV The Modern Era, çev: Walter J. Renfroe, Jr., Greenwood, Connecticut, 1990.
  • DEPTULA, David. Effects Based Operations: Change in the Nature of Warfare, Aerospace Education Foundation, Virginia, 2001.
  • DOUHET, Giulio. The Command of the Air. çev: Dino Ferrari, Office of Air Force History, Washington, 1983.
  • DUPUY, Trevor. The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare, Bobbs-Merrill, New York, 1980.
  • ECHEVARRIA II, Antulio J., Toward an American Way of War, Strategic Studies Institute, Pennsylvania, 2004.
  • FEHRENBACH, Theodore R.. This Kind of War The Classic Korean War History, Macmillan, New York, 1963.
  • Field Manual 2-0 Intelligence, Headquarters Department of the Army, Washington, 2004.
  • Field Manual 3-0 C 1 Operations, Headquarters Department of the Army, Washington, 2011.
  • Field Manual 3-24 - Marine Corps Warfighting Publication No. 3-33.5, University of Chicago, Chicago, 2007.
  • GRAY, Colin, Strategy for Chaos Revolutions in Military Affairs and the Evidence of History, Frank Cass, Oregon, 2002.
  • HART, Liddell B. H. Strateji: Dolaylı Tutum, çev. Cemal Enginsoy, ASAM, Ankara, 2002.
  • HEDSTROM, Marvin A., Limited War in the Precision Engagement Era: The Balance Between Dominant Maneuver and Precision Engagement, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, Kansas, 2001.
  • HOUSE, Jonathan M. Toward Combined Arms Warfare: A Survey of 20th Century Tactics, Doctrine, and Organization, Combat Studies Institute, Kansas, 1984.
  • HUNDLEY, Richard O., Past Revolutions Future Transformations. RAND, California, 1999.
  • JACOBS, Jody, JOHNSON, David E., COMANOR, Katherine, JAMISON, Lewis, JOE, Leland ve VAUGHAN, David, Enhancing Fires and Maneuver Capability through Greater Air-Ground Joint Interdependence, RAND, California, 2009.
  • JOHNSON, David E., Learning Large Lessons The Evolving Roles of Ground Power and Air Power in the Post–Cold War Era, RAND, California, 2007.
  • Joint Publication 3-0 Joint Operations, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, 2017.
  • Joint Vision 2020. America’s Military - Preparing for Tomorrow National Defense, Institute for National Strategic Studies. Washington, 2000.
  • KING, Anthony, The Combat Soldier Infantry Tactics and Cohesion in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries, Oxford University, Oxford, 2013.
  • KIRAS, James D, Special Operations and Strategy from World War II to the War on Terrorism, Routledge, Oxford, 2006.
  • KNOX, MacGregor. “Mass Politics and Nationalism as Military Revolution: The French Revolution and After”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 57-73.
  • KREPINEVICH, Andrew ve WATTS, Barry, The Last Warrior, Basic Books. New York, 2015.
  • LEONHARD Robert R., The Art of Maneuver: Maneuver Warfare Theory and AirLand Battle, Presidio, California, 1991.
  • LIND, William S., Maneuver Warfare Handbook, Westview, Colorado, 1985.
  • LINK, Charles D., “The Role of the US Air Force in the Employment of Air Power”, Richard H. Shultz, Jr. ve Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, (ed.), The Future of Air Power in the Aftermath of the Gulf War, Air University, Alabama, 2002, 83-87.
  • LYNN, John A., “Forging the Western Army in Seventeenth Century France”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 35-56.
  • MARTINAGE, Robert. Toward a New Offset Strategy Exploiting U.S. Long-term Advantages to Restore U.S. Global Power Projection Capability,Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Washington , 2014,
  • METS, David R. The Long Search for a Surgical Strike Precision Munitions and the Revolution in Military Affairs, CADRE Paper No.12, Air University, Alabama, 2001.
  • MIKSCHE, Ferdinand Otto, Attack: A Study of Blitzkrieg Tactics, Random House, New York, 1942.
  • MUELLER, Karl P. Air Power. RAND, California, 2010.
  • MUELLER, Karl P., “Examining the Air Campaign in Libya”, Karl P. Mueller (ed.), Precision and Purpose: Airpower in the Libyan Civil War, RAND, California, 2015, 1-10.
  • MURRAY, Williamson ve KNOX, MacGregor. “Thinking About Revolutions in Warfare”, Williamson Murray ve MacGregor Knox (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 1-14.
  • OWENS, William. “Introduction”, Dominant Battlespace Knowledge, Martin C. Libicki ve Stuart E. Johnson (ed.), National Defense University, Washington, 1995b, s.ii-viii.
  • PARKER, Geoffrey, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 1988.
  • RAYMOND, A. Dwight, Firepower, Maneuver, and the Operational Level of War A Monograph, Infantry School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, Kansas, 1992.
  • ROBERTS, Michael, “The Military Revolution, 1560-1660”, Essays in Swedish History, London, 1967, s. 195-225.
  • ROGERS, Clifford J. “‘As if a New Sun had Arisen’": England’s Fourteenth-Century RMA”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 15-34.
  • SCALES, Robert H. Jr., United States Army in the Gulf War Certain Victory.Washington: Office of the Chief of Staff United States Army, Washington, 1993.
  • SHOWALTER, Dennis E., “The Prusso-German RMA 1840-1871”, MacGregor Knox ve Williamson Murray (ed.), The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300–2050, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2001, 92-113.
  • TOFFLER Alvin ve TOFFLER Heidi, War and Anti-War: Survival at the Dawn of the 21st Century, Little Brown, Boston, 1993.
  • VICKERS, Michael G. ve MARTİNAGE, Robert C., The Revolution in War, Washington: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. 2004.
  • WATTS, Barry D. The Maturing Revolution in Military Affairs, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Washington, 2011,
  • WATTS, Barry D. The Evolution Of Precision Strike, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Washington, 2013.
  • WILLS, Craig, Airpower, Afghanistan, and the Future of Warfare An Alternative View, CADRE Paper No. 25, Air University, Alabama, 2016.
  • BENGO, Yacov ve SEGAL Giora. “The Post-Operational Level Age: The Operational Focus Approach, Part 2.” Infinity Journal, 2015, Sayı:4/4, 3-10.
  • BIDDLE, Stephen, “Offense, Defense and the End of the Cold War: Criteria for an Appropriate Balance”, Defense Analysis, 1995, Sayı:11/1, 65-74.
  • BIDDLE, Stephen. “The Past as Prologue: Assessing Theories of Future Warfare”, Security Studies, Sayı:8/1, 1-74.
  • BOOT, Max. “The New American Way of War”, Foreign Affairs, 2003, Sayı:82/4, 41–58.
  • CEBROWSKI, Arthur K. ve GARSKA, John H. “Network-Centric Warfare: Its Origin and Future.” US Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, 1998, http://www.iwar.org.uk/rma/ resources/ncw/network-centric-warfare.htm, (Erişim tarihi: 07.06.2018).
  • CZEGE, Huba Wass de ve ECHEVARRIA, J. Antulio. “Landpower and Future Strategy: Insights from the Army after Next”, Joint Forces Quarterly. 1999, Sayı:21, 62-69.
  • ECHEVARRIA II, Antulio J., “Interdependent Maneuver for the 21st Century” Joint Forces Quarterly, 2000, Sayı: 26, 11-19.
  • HANDEL, Michael. “Clausewitz in the Age of Technology”, Journal of Strategic Studies, 1986, Sayı:9/2-3, 51-92.
  • IGNATIEFF, Michael. “The New American Way of War”, The New York Review of Books, 2000, Sayı:47/12, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2000/07/20/the-new-american-way-of-war, (Erişim tarihi: 07.06 Haziran 2018).
  • KALDOR, Mary, “The ‘New War’ in Iraq”, Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory, 2006, Sayı:109, 1-27.
  • KREPINEVICH, Andrew, “Cavalry to Computer the Pattern of Military Revolutions”, The National Interest, 1994, Sayı:37, 30-42.
  • KREPINEVICH, Andrew. “Needed: A Smaller and Very Different U.S. Military”, Policy Sciences, 1996, Sayı:29/2, 81-112.
  • LEVINSON, Rob.,“What Do We Do Next Time? Fighting America’s Wars after Iraq.” Air and Space Power Journal, 2007, Sayı:21/4, 28-30.
  • LIEBER, Keir A., “Grasping the Technological Peace The Offense-Defense Balance and International Security”, International Security, 2000, Sayı:25/2, 71–104.
  • LIND, William S., NIGHTENGALE, Keith, SCHMITT, John F., SUTTON, Joseph W. ve WILSON, Gary I., “The Changing Face of War: Into the Fourth Generation.” Marine Corps Gazette, 1989, Sayı:73/10, 22-26.
  • MURRAY, Williamson. “Thinking About Revolutions in Military Affairs.” Joint Force Quarterly, 1997, Sayı:16, 69-76.
  • O’HANLON, Michael, “Can High Technology Bring U. S. Troops Home”, Foreign Policy, Sayı:113, 1998-1999, 72-86.
  • OGARKOV, Marshal N. V., “The Defense of Socialism: Experience of History and the Present Day,” Red Star, 1984.
  • OWENS, William. The Emerging System of Systems.” US Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, 1995a, Sayı:121/5, 35-39.
  • PAPE, Robert A. “The Limits of Precision-Guided Air Power”, Security Studies, 1997a, Sayı:7/2, 93-114.
  • PAPE, Robert A. “The Air Force Strikes Back: A Reply to Barry Watts and John Warden.” Security Studies, 1997b, Sayı:7/2, 191-214.
  • PARKER, Geoffrey, “The Military Revolution 1560-1660-A Myth?”, Journal of Modern History, 1976, Sayı:48/2, 195-214.
  • PARKER, Geoffrey. “Military Revolutions, Past and Present.” Historically Speaking. 2003, Sayı:4/4, 2-7.
  • RAUDZENS, George, “War-Winning Weapons: The Measurement of Technological Determinism in Military History”, Journal of Military History, 2000, Sayı:54/4, 403-434.
  • REILLY, Henry J. “Blitzkrieg”, Foreign Affairs, 1940, Sayı:18/2, 254-265.
  • ROGERS, Clifford J., “The Military Revolutions of the Hundred Years War.” The Journal of Military History, 1993, Sayı:57/2, 241-278.
  • RUMSFELD, Donald H., “Transforming the Military”, Foreign Affairs, 2002, Sayı:81/3, 20-32.
  • THOMPSON, Michael J., “Military Revolutions and Revolutions in Military Affairs: Accurate Descriptions of Change or Intellectual Constructs?”, Strata, 82-108, http://artsites.uottawa.ca/strata/doc/strata3_082-108.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 07.06.2018).
  • TOOKE, Lamar, “Blending Maneuver and Attrition”, Military Review The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army, 2000, Sayı:90/2, 7-13.
  • VAN EVERA, Stephen, “Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War”, International Security, 1998, Sayı:22/4, 5-43.
  • WARDEN, John A. “The Enemy As A System”, Airpower Journal, 1995, Sayı:9/1, 40-55.
  • DEPTULA, David, “ABD Savunma Bakanlığı’nda verilen basın bilgilendirmesi”, 2009, http://archive.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=4451, (Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2018.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tolga Ökten Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6102-7704

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Ökten, Tolga. “Askerî Alanda Devrim: Ateş Gücü–Manevra Dengesi”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 16, sy. 33 (Nisan 2020): 125-62. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.719975.

Cited By

Sultan’ın Mutlakıyeti ve Müttefikleri: Nizam-ı Cedid Dönemi Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Mavi Atlas
https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1476908