Füze Teknolojisi Kontrol Rejimi: ABD Merkezli Hegemonik Bir Yapıdan Normatif Bir Yapıya Geçişin Önemi

Yıl 2020, , 821 - 872, 28.12.2020

Eray Alım

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.847719

Öz

Füze Teknolojisi Kontrol Rejimi (FTKR), füze ve kitle imha silahı tehdidini önlemede başat girişimlerden biridir. Bu oluşumun taşıyıcı gücü ise ABD’dir. Bu ülke, yaptırım baskısıyla Rusya, Hindistan ve Brezilya dâhil birçok farklı ülkenin FTKR kaidelerine uygun davranmasını sağlayabilmiştir. Bu hususa rağmen, belirli anlarda ABD’nin FTKR kaidelerini bizzat kendisinin ihlal etmesi, hegemonik güçlerin kuralları çiğnemenin yaratacağı itibar kaybına aldırmaksızın kendi çıkarlarını ön plana alabildiklerini göstermektedir. Kitle imha silahı ve füze tehdidinin daha etkili bir şekilde önlenmesi için ise FTKR’nin ABD merkezli bir “seçkinler kulübü” imajından kurtulması gerekmektedir. Bu oluşumun ABD merkezlilikten kurtulması, kendi kurumsal yapısı dâhilinde bir kontrol ve yaptırım mekanizmasına sahip olmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Kurumsallaşmanın güçlendirilmesine eş zamanlı şekilde, FTKR kapsamında devletlerin füze tehdidine dair norm ve prensipleri içselleştirmeleri ve bu minvalde normatif bir dönüşüm geçirmeleri sağlanmalıdır. Bu çalışmada vurgulandığı üzere, FTKR’nin meşruiyeti ve etkinliği için ABD merkezli faydacı-hegemonik bir yapıdan normatif bir yapıya geçiş büyük önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Füze Teknolojisi Kontrol Rejimi, Uluslararası Rejimler, Füze Tehdidi, Kitle İmha Silahları, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri

The Missile Technology Control Regime: The Necessity of Transitioning from a US-Centered Hegemonic Framework to a Normative One

Öz

The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is one of the leading initiatives in the realm of tackling threats related to missiles and weapons of mass destruction. The US acts as a driving force within this organization. Through its sanction power, the US managed to compel countries such as Russia, India and Brazil into adhering to the principles of the MTCR. On the other hand, in certain occasions, the US violated the principles of the MTCR itself, which demonstrates that hegemonic powers may choose to privilege their own interests over regime rules despite the risk of suffering consequential reputational costs. It is in this respect essential for a more effective handling of the threat of weapons of mass destruction and missile proliferation that the MTCR shed the image of a US-centered “elite club”. Overcoming U.S-centeredness requires forming inspection and sanctions mechanisms within the institutional framework of the MTCR. Along with strengthening institutionalization, it also essential for the MTCR’s effectiveness that this organization enables the normative transformation of states, implying the facilitation of the internalization of norms and principles by states regarding missile threat. As stressed in this work, the MTCR’s legitimacy and effectiveness necessitate a transition from a US-centered utilitarian-hegemonic framework into a normative one.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Missile Technology Control Regime, International Regimes, Missile Threat, Weapons of Mass Destruction, The United States of America

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