The Practices of Hybrid Threats in the Legal Domain: A Typology of Lawfare Practices

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 44, 213 - 246, 27.04.2023

Turgut Muhammet Çalışkanlar , Can Demir

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1258155

Cited By: 1

Öz

The ever-changing character of conflicts has blurred the line between peace and war and added hybrid dimensions to the conflicts. Hybrid threats have become a concept that deeply affects conflict and security studies, as well as pointing to the character of today’s conflicts. When the term “lawfare” is used within the scope of hybrid threats, it refers to much more than just legal claims. However, it continues to exist as a subject that is not fully conceptualized and understood as there is not enough work on this subject. This study, first, discusses the theoretical background of hybrid threats and lawfare and then introduces the typological features of lawfare, which will contribute to a better understanding and conceptualization of the subject. In this regard, 20 independent cases in which law has been used as a tool of conflict are analysed in terms of actor, law type and hybridity, and then based on the similarities and differences between hybrid threats and non-hybrid threats cases, a typology has been worked out with a view to the better conceptualization of the subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hybrid Threats, Hybrid Warfare, Legal Domain, Lawfare, Typology

Hukuk Ortamında Hibrit Tehdit Uygulamaları: Çatışma Aracı Olarak Hukuk Uygulamalarının Bir Tipolojisi

Öz

Çatışmaların durmaksızın değişen karakteri barış ve savaş arasındaki çizgiyi belirsiz hale getirmiş ve çatışmalara hibrit boyutlar kazandırmıştır. Hibrit tehditler, günümüzdeki çatışmaların karakterine işaret ettiği gibi çatışma ve güvenlik çalışmalarına yön veren bir kavram haline de gelmiştir. “Çatışma aracı olarak hukuk” hibrit tehditler kapsamında kullanıldığında hukuk mücadelesinden çok daha fazlasına işaret etmektedir ve bu konuda yeterli çalışma olmadığı için tam olarak kavramlaşmamış ve anlaşılamamış bir konu olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışmada; ilk olarak hibrit tehditlerin ve çatışma aracı olarak hukukun teorik arka planı ele alınacak, akabinde çatışma aracı olarak hukukun tipolojik özellikleri ortaya konularak konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasına ve kavramlaştırılmasına katkı sağlanmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu kapsamda hukukun çatışma aracı olarak kullanıldığı 20 bağımsız örnek olay aktör, hukuk nevi ve hibritlik durumu açısından analiz edilmiş ve hibrit tehditler kapsamında ve bu kapsamda olmayan durumlar arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklardan yola çıkılarak, konunun daha iyi bir şekilde kavramsallaştırılması maksadıyla bir tipoloji oluşturulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hibrit Tehditler, Hibrit Harp, Hukuk Ortamı, Çatışma Aracı Olarak Hukuk, Tipoloji

Kaynakça

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