New Openings at the Dawn of the Interregnum of Critical Security Studies: The Promises of Visual and Vernacular Turns

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 47, 43 - 61, 26.04.2024

Muhammed Onur Çöpoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1332944

Öz

Critical Security Studies literature has witnessed numerous theoretical debates, particularly in the last decade. These debates stemmed from the need to go beyond the two main axes of deepening and broadening. Ultimately, the hypothesis, which asserts that the Critical Security Studies literature has reached a deadlock, has gained general acceptance. This hypothesis illustrates the interregnum of Critical Security Studies in a Gramscian sense, describing a situation where “the old is dying and the new is not yet born”. Under the shadow of this deadlock in the dominant theoretical approaches of the field, alternative theories have begun to develop and attract attention. Thus, the primary objective of this article is to introduce these approaches to the Turkish literature. These approaches are Visual and Vernacular Security Studies. The article is designed as a descriptive study and depends on an integrative literature review of the field. Firstly, the article will provide a brief mapping of the development of Critical Security Studies and evaluate how these studies have reached a deadlock today. Then, the article will concentrate on two new alternative security studies approaches. In conclusion, the article posits that both alternative approaches can provide original contributions to the study of security.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vernacular Security, Visual Security, Opening, Broadening, Deepening, Critical Security Studies

Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları’nın Tıkanıklığında Yeni Açılımlar: Görsel ve Yerel Güvenlik Çalışmaları’nın Vaatleri

Öz

Eleştirel güvenlik çalışmaları yazını özellikle son 10 yılda pek çok teorik tartışmaya sahne olmuştur. Bu tartışmalar, derinleşme ve genişleme eksenlerinde büyüyen yazının eleştirilerinden beslenmiştir. Nihayetinde, eleştirel güvenlik yazınının tıkandığı tezi genel kabul görmüştür. Bu tez Gramsci’nin ünlü deyişiyle, eleştirel güvenlik çalışmalarının “eskinin öldüğü ve yeninin doğamadığı” bir fetret devri (interregnum) halinde olduğunu da göstermektedir. Fakat ümit verici olan, alanın hâkim teorik yaklaşımlarına dair bu rahatsızlığın gölgesinde alternatif teorilerin gelişmeye ve ilgi görmeye başlamasıdır. Disiplinin genişleme ve derinleşme eksenleri dışında açılımını (opening) savunan manifesto da, bir anlamda güvenliği anlamamıza ve çalışmamıza dair yeni yolların açılabilmesini savunan bir girişim olarak kendini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, yeni gelişen alternatif yaklaşımları Türkçe yazına tanıtmak makalenin temel hedefidir. Bu yaklaşımlar Görsel (Visual) Güvenlik ve Yerel (Vernacular) Güvenlik çalışmalarıdır. Makale, söz konusu yaklaşımların temel argümanlarını Türkçe yazına kazandırmayı amaçladığı için tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır ve bütünleyici yazın taramasına dayanmaktadır. Makalede ilk olarak, eleştirel güvenlik çalışmalarının gelişiminin kısa bir haritalandırması yapılarak, bu çalışmaların günümüzde nasıl bir tıkanıklığa ulaştığına dair bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Bunu takiben, makale iki yeni alternatif güvenlik yaklaşımı olan Yerel ve Görsel güvenlik çalışmalarını odağına alacaktır. Sonuç olarak makale, iki alternatif yaklaşımın da güvenliğin çalışılmasına özgün katkılar yapabileceği sonucuna varmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yerel Güvenlik, Görsel Güvenlik, Açılım, Genişleme, Derinleşme, Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları

Teşekkür

Makalenin ilk taslağı üzerine fikirlerinden dolayı Doç.Dr. Zerrin Torun'a teşekkür ederim.

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