SAĞLIK STATÜSÜNDEKİ DEĞİŞİMLER KAMU HARCAMA BİLEŞENİNİ ETKİLER Mİ? GELİŞMİŞ ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 575 - 596, 26.09.2023

Şuheda Sağlam , Oğuz Kara

Öz

Sağlık, doğumla birlikte kazanılan yaşama hakkının ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. İktisadi açıdan sağlık, beşeri sermaye birikiminin ve emek arz zincirinin en önemli bileşenidir. Tüm ülkeler, sağlıklı bir toplum oluşturabilmek ve toplumun sağlık statüsünü artırabilmek için çaba sarf ederler. Birçok ülke sağlık sektörüne yönelik harcamalarını arttırmaktadır. Sağlığa yönelik harcama artışları bir yandan beşerî sermaye birikimi yoluyla ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlarken diğer yandan kamu giderlerini artırıcı bir baskı oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kamu ağırlıklı sağlık sistemi benimsemiş seçilmiş gelişmiş ülke örnekleminden hareketle sağlık statüsü göstergelerindeki değişimlerin kamu sağlık harcamalarının genel kamu harcamaları içerisindeki oranını hangi yönde ve ne ölçüde etkilediğini belirlemektir. 48 gelişmiş ülkenin 2005-2020 dönemi sağlık statüsü göstergelerindeki değişim ile sağlık harcamalarının kamu giderleri içerisindeki oransal payı panel veri analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda kaba doğum oranındaki ve insani gelişmişlik endeksindeki artışlarının kamu sağlık harcamalarının diğer kamu giderleri içerisindeki oranını azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Kişi başına cepten sağlık harcamalarının ve yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki oranın artmasının kamu sağlık harcamalarının diğer kamu giderleri içerisindeki oranını artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Özel sağlık harcamaları oranı arttıkça kamu sağlık harcamalarının diğer kamu giderleri içerisindeki oranının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık statüsü, Kamu sağlık harcamalarının bileşeni, Sağlık ekonomisi, panel veri analizi

DO CHANGES IN HEALTH STATUS AFFECT THE COMPONENT OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE? AN APPLICATION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Öz

Health is an integral part of the right to life acquired at birth. From an economic point of view, health is the most critical component of human capital accumulation and the labor supply chain. All countries try to create a healthy society and increase the health status of the society, and many countries are increasing their spending on the health sector. Increases in health expenditures contribute to economic growth through human capital accumulation and create increasing pressure on public expenditures. This study aims to determine in which direction and to what extent the changes in health status indicators affect the ratio of public health expenditures to general public expenditures, based on the selected developed country sample that has adopted a public-dominated health system. The change in the health status indicators of 48 developed countries for 2005-2020 and the proportional share of health expenditures in public expenditures were examined using panel data analysis methods. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the crude birth rate and the human development index increased the ratio of public health expenditures to other public expenditures. It has been concluded that the increase in per capita out-of-pocket health expenditures and the ratio of the elderly population to the total population increases the ratio of public health expenditures to other public expenditures. It has been determined that as the ratio of private health expenditures increases, the ratio of public health expenditures to other public expenditures decreases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health status, component of public health expenditures, health economics, panel data analysis.

Kaynakça

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