Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi pamuk ekim alanlarında bulunan yabancı otlar

Yıl 2024, , 209 - 221, 21.06.2024

İslam Emrah Süer , Nihat Tursun

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1406951

Öz

Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Türkiye’nin pamuk üretiminin yaklaşık yüzde altmışını karşılaması nedeni ile önemli bir yere sahiptir.Pamuk üretimini sınırlayan önemli faktörlerden biri de yabancı otlardır. Bu çalışmada Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi pamuk ekim alanlarındaki yabancı ot türleri, yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında Diyarbakır, Mardin ve Şanlıurfa illerinde 152 adet pamuk ekim alanlarında sürveyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveyler bölümlü örnekleme yöntemine göre yapılmıştır. Çalışmalar sonucunda 16 familyaya ait 43 yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir.Pamukta bulunan yabancı ot türleri familyalara göre değerlendirildiğinde Poaceae familyası 7 tür ile ilk sırada yer alıp bu familyayı 6 tür ile Asteraceae, 5 tür ile Euphorbıaceae ve Amaranthaceae familyaları takip etmiştir. Yapılan sürveylerde; kırmızı köklü tilki kuyruğu (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), tarla sarmaşığı (Convolvulus arvensis L.), topalak (Cyperus rotundus L.), benekli darıcan [Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link], fener otu (Physalis spp.), semiz otu (Portulaca oleracea L.), it üzümü (Solanum nigrum L.), kanyaş [Sorghum halepense (L.). Pers] ve domuz pıtrağı (Xanthium strumarium L.) türleri en yaygın yabancı ot türleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu yabancı otlar pamuk başta olmak üzere birçok yazlık kültür bitkisinde yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Pamukta bu yabancı otlara karşı etkili mücadele yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi daha yüksek verim elde edilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pamuk, Yabancı ot, Yaygınlık, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/BSAD/A/20/A2/P1/2028

Teşekkür

Çalışmada finansal katkılarından dolayı Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü'ne teşekkür ederiz.

Weeds in the cotton growing areas in the Southeastern Anatolia Region

Öz

The Southeast Anatolia Region plays an important role, as it accounts for around sixty percent of Türkiye's cotton production. One of the most important factors limiting cotton cultivation is weeds. The aim of this study was to determine the weed species, their frequency and population density in the cotton growing areas of the Southeast Anatolia region. For this purpose, surveys were conducted in 152 cotton growing areas in Diyarbakır, Mardin and Şanlıurfa provinces in 2020 and 2021. The surveys were conducted using the segmented sampling method. As a result of the studies, 43 weed species belonging to 16 families were identified. When the weed species found in cotton are evaluated by family, the Poaceae family ranks first with 7 species, followed by Asteraceae with 6 species, Euphorbiaceae and Amaranthaceae with 5 species. redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), jungle rice (Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link), ground cherry (Physalis spp.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), black night shade (Solanum nigrum L.), johnson grass [Sorghum halepense (L.). Pers] and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) were identified as the most common weed species. These weeds are widespread in many summer crops, especially in cotton. The development of effective management methods against these weeds in cotton will contribute to higher yields.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cotton, weeds, frequency, Southeast Anatolia Region

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/BSAD/A/20/A2/P1/2028

Kaynakça

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