Orta Fırat Vadisinde antepfıstığı bahçelerinde kışlayan böcek (Arthropoda: Insecta) biyoçeşitliliği

Yıl 2021, , 185 - 192, 23.06.2021

Yeliz Sabuncu , Mehmet Mamay , İnanç Özgen

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.884529

Cited By: 4

Öz

Bu çalışma, Orta Fırat Vadisi’ndeki antepfıstığı bahçelerinde yapay kışlama barınakları kullanılarak kışlayan böcek biyoçeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Yapay kışlama barınakları Şehirbağı, Karabaş, Meyanca, Baraj ve Ekenek lokasyonlarında birer antepfıstığı bahçesinde kurulmuştur. Bu amaçla Eylül-Ocak ayları arasında her bahçeden seçilen on ağaçtan beşinin gövdesine telis çuvalı, beşine de oluklu karton mukavva sarılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 4 takıma ait 15 familyadan toplam 20 böcek türünün Orta Fırat Vadisi’ndeki antepfıstığı bahçelerinde kışı geçirdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu türler; Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus,1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1777), Loraphodius suarius (Falderman, 1835) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae), Drasterius bimaculatus (Rossi, 1790) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Hermaeophaga (=Orthocrepis) ruficollis (Lucas, 1849) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Bangasternus orientalis (Capiomont, 1873) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Aulacobaris coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Capnodis carbonaria (Klug, 1829) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Tentyria euphratica (Girard, 1966) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Malachius rubidus (Erichson, 1840) (Coleoptera: Malachiidae), Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae), Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera,: Pentatomidae), Eurygaster integriceps (Puton, 1881) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), Centrocoris volxemi (Puton, 1878), (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Geocoris luridus (Fieber, 1844) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ve Schistocerca gregaria (Forskol, 1775) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Çalışma, meyve bahçelerinde kışlayan faydalı ve zararlı böcek faunasının yapay kışlama barınaklarıyla belirlenebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, antepfıstığı bahçelerinde kışlayan böcek türleri belirlenmiş olup hem faydalıların korunması hem de zararlıların entegre mücadeleleri konusunda stratejiler geliştirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antepfıstığı, Böcek faunası, Biyoçeşitlilik, Fırat, Kışlama

Overwintering insect (Arthropoda: Insecta) biodiversity in pistachio orchards of the Middle Euphrates Valley, Turkey

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the overwintering insect biodiversity in pistachio orchards of the Middle Euphrates Valley, Turkey during 2017 and 2018 by artificial overwintering shelters. Artificial overwintering shelters were established in five pistachio orchards in Şehirbağı, Karabaş, Meyanca, Baraj and Ekenek locations. Ten trees were selected within each orchard and five of these were covered with a burlap sack and the rest were covered with corrugated cardboard through September and January. Twenty insect species belonging to15 families and 4 orders were recorded from the studied orchards. These recorded species were; Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus,1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1777), Loraphodius suarius (Falderman, 1835) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae), Drasterius bimaculatus (Rossi, 1790) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Hermaeophaga (=Orthocrepis) ruficollis (Lucas, 1849) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Bangasternus orientalis (Capiomont, 1873) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Aulacobaris coerulescens (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Capnodis carbonaria (Klug, 1829) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Tentyria euphratica (Girard 1966) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Malachius rubidus (Erichson, 1840) (Coleoptera: Malachiidae), Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae), Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera,: Pentatomidae), Eurygaster integriceps (Puton, 1881) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), Centrocoris volxemi (Puton, 1878), (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Geocoris luridus (Fieber, 1844) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Schistocerca gregaria (Forskol, 1775) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). The results revealed that burlap sack and corrugated cardboard artificial winter shelters can be used to monitor harmful and beneficial insect fauna overwintering in fruit orchards. The results provide empirical information on the existence of overwintering insect species in pistachio orchards. Thus, integrated pest management strategies should be developed for the pistachio orchards in the study area based on these results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pistachio, Insect fauna, Biodiversity, Euphrates, Overwintering

Kaynakça

• Bolu, H. (2002). Investigations on the fauna of insects and mites in pistachio areas in South Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 26(3), 197–208.
• Bolu, H. (2004). Coccinellidae species, their distribution areas and their impact on population fluctuations of Agonoscena pistaciae at Pistachio orchards in Southeastern Anatolia Region in Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 44(1–4), 69–77.
• FAO. (2021). Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations pistachio statistics. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC
• Günaydın, T. (1978). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde antepfıstıklarında zarar yapan böcek türleri, tanımları, yayılışları ve ekonomik önemleri üzerinde araştırmalar. (Basılmamış Uzmanlık Tezi. EÜ Zir. Fak. Bit. Kor. Böl.). Bornova, İzmir, 106. Ege University.
• Mamay, M., & Mutlu, Ç. (2019). Optimizing container size and rearing density for rapid and economic mass rearing of Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43(4), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.562724
• Mamay, M, & Şimşek, E. (2017). Harmful and Beneficial Insect Biodiversity in Pistachio Orchards (Pistacia vera L.) in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity (SEAB-2017), 32. https://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/179927/1/p67.pdf
• Mamay, M., Özgen, İ., Danışman, T., & Sabuncu, Y. (2020). Overwintering spider biodiversity in pistachio orchards of the Euphrates Valley in Turkey (Arachnida: Araneae). SERKET, 17(3), 230–236.
• Mamay, M., Özgen, I., Demirer, B., & Gümüş, H. (2018). Determination of Beneficial and Pest Insect Fauna in Student Farm of Harran University Agricultural Faculty Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Öğrenci Uygulama Çiftliğindeki Faydalı v e Zararlı Böcek Faunasını n Belirlenmesi. 1st International GAP Agriculture and Livestock Congress (UGAP-2018), 739–742.
• Mart, C., Erkılıç, L., Bolu, H., Uygun, N., & Altın, M. (1995). General review on the injurious and beneficial species and pest control methods used in pistachio orchards of Turkey. Acta Horticulture, First International Symposium on Pistachio Nut, 20-24 September 1994, 379–386.
• Mehrnejad, M. R. (2020). Arthropod pests of pistachios, their natural enemies and management. Plant Protection Science, 56(4), 231–260. https://doi.org/10.17221/63/2019-PPS
• Mutlu, Ç., Karaca, V., Eren, S., Buyuk, M., Gozuacik, C., Duman, M., Bayram, Y., Bolu, H., & Kutuk, H. (2016). Chalky spot damage caused by stink bugs on red lentil seeds in Southeast Anatolia Region, Turkey. Legume Research, 39(4), 623–629. https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v0iOF.9437
• Mutlu, C., Buyuk, M., Eren, S., Karaca, V., Duman, M., & Bayram, Y. (2018a). Management of the Stink Bugs Dolycoris baccarum (L.) and Piezodorus lituratus (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and Chalky Spot Damage on Red Lentil in Southeast Anatolia Region, Turkey. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 91(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.2317/0022-8567-91.1.40
• Mutlu, Ç., Öğreten, A., Karaca, V., Büyük, M., & Bayram, Y. (2018b). Efficacy of deltamethrin against Dolycoris baccarum L. and Piezodorus lituratus (F.) harmfull on red lentil in Turkey. Harran Agricultural and Food Sciience, 22(2), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.338408
• Özbek, S. (1978). Özel Meyvecilik. Çukurova University Agricultural Faculty.
• Şimşek, A., & Bolu, H. (2016). Diyarbakır ili Antep fıstığı ( Pistacia vera L.) alanlarındaki yararlı böcek faunasının belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 56(3), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.16955/bkb.56653
• Tekin, H., Arpacı, S., Atlı, H. S., Açar, I., Karadağ, S., Yükçeken, Y., & Yaman, A. (2001). Antepfıstığı Yetiştiriciliği. Pistachio Research Institute Gaziantep.
• Tezcan, S., Keskin, B., & Gülperçin, N. (2006). An evaluation on overwintering trap fauna of organic cherry orchards of İzmir and Manisa Provinces. 3.Organik Tarım Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 112.
• TUIK. (2021). Turkish Statistical Institute pistachio statistics. http://tuik.gov.tr/Start.do.
• Yanik, E., Unlu, L., & Yucel, A. (2011). The Phenology o f Em ergence From A rtificial Overwintering Sites by Predatory A rthropods in Pistachio O rchards and A djacent H abitats. Ekoloji, 20(78), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5053/ekoloji.2011.781.