Determination of xylem water flow velocity of some Prunus shoots by dye infusion technique

Yıl 2021, , 287 - 292, 23.09.2021

Servet Aras

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.918418

Cited By: 4

Öz

Water movement in xylem vessel presents hydraulic system. The hydraulic system may encounter embolism (cavitation) caused by environmental stresses. Tracer dyes are distributed within the xylem and can be monitored by sectioning the tissue called dye infusion technique. The current experiment determined the optimal conditions for acid fuchsin dye infusion technique to monitor the water-conducting pathways in shoots of sweet cherry and peach trees. Shoots from 18-year-old sweet cherry cultivar 0900 Ziraat grafted onto Gisela 5 and 2-year-old peach cultivar Rich May grafted onto Garnem and GF 677 were used in the experiment. Xylem functionality and xylem water flow velocity (V_XW) were evaluated by dye infusion technique. The intensity of acid fuchsin staining in the shoots increased with dye concentration. In sweet cherry trees, VXW decreased with the time course and 120 mn had the lowest V_XW value. In peach, VXW of GF 677 was found further compared to Garnem. The experiment showed that the dye infusion technique is reliable for the visualization of water-conduction pathways and xylem functionality. Furthermore, the technique can be used in the studies of bud dormancy break of trees and stresses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acid fuchsin, Peach, sweet cherry, water flow, xylem

Boya infüzyon tekniği ile bazı Prunus sürgünlerinin ksilem su akış hızının belirlenmesi

Öz

Ksilem demetindeki su hareketi hidrolik sistemi temsil etmektedir. Hidrolik sistem, çevresel streslerin neden olduğu emboli (kavitasyon) ile karşılaşabilmektedir. İzleyici boyalar ksilem içinde dağılabilmekte ve boya infüzyon adı verilen teknik ile dokuyu bölümlere ayırarak izlenebilmektedir. Mevcut çalışma, kiraz ve şeftali ağaçlarının sürgünlerinde su iletim yollarını izlemek için asit fuksin boya infüzyon tekniği için en uygun koşulları belirlemiştir. Gisela 5 üzerine aşılı 18 yaşındaki 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidi ve Garnem ve GF 677 üzerine aşılı 2 yaşındaki Rich May şeftali çeşidinin sürgünleri çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Ksilem işlevi ve ksilem su akış hızı (V_XW) boya infüzyon tekniği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sürgünlerde asit fuksin boyamasının yoğunluğu, boya konsantrasyonu ile artmıştır. Kiraz ağaçlarında, V_XW zamanla azalmış ve 120 dakika en düşük VXW değere olmuştur. Şeftalide, GF 677'nin VXW'si Garnem'e kıyasla daha fazla bulunmuştur. Çalışma, boya infüzyon tekniğinin su iletim yollarının ve ksilem işlevinin görselleştirilmesi için güvenilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu teknik, ağaçların tomurcuk dormansilerinin kırılmalarında ve stres çalışmalarında kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asit fuksin, şeftali, kiraz, su akışı, ksilem

Kaynakça

• Améglio, T., Bodet, C., Lacointe, A., & Cochard, H. (2002). Winter embolism, mechanisms of xylem hydraulic conductivity recovery and springtime growth patterns in walnut and peach trees. Tree Physiology, 22(17), 1211-1220.
• Aras, S., & Eşitken, A. (2019). Responses of Cherry Plant Grafted onto CAB-6P, MaxMa 14 and Mazzard Rootstocks to Short Term Salinity. Journal of Agricultural Studies, 7(3), 29-37.
• Aras, S., & Keles, H. (2021) Comparison of relative growth rates of peach plants grafted onto Garnem and GF677. III. Uluslararası New York Kültürel Etkileşim ve Akademik Çalışmalar Kongresi, 29-30 Mayıs, New York.
• Aras, S., Eşitken, A., & Karakurt, Y. (2019). Morphological and physiological responses and some wrky genes expression in cherry rootstocks under salt stress. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 17 (4), e0806.
• Aras, S., Keles, H., & Bozkurt, E. (2021). Physiological and histological responses of peach plants grafted onto different rootstocks under calcium deficiency conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 281, 109967.
• Bolat, I., Dikilitas, M., Ikinci, A., Ercisli, S., & Tonkaz, T. (2016). Morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and bud success responses of myrobolan 29 c plum rootstock subjected to water stress. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 96(3), 485-493.
• Boyer, J. S. (1988). Cell enlargement and growth‐induced water potentials. Physiologia Plantarum, 73(2), 311-316.
• Chatelet, D. S., Rost, T. L., Shackel, K. A., & Matthews, M. A. (2008). The peripheral xylem of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). 1. Structural integrity in post-veraison berries. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59(8), 1987-1996.
• Cochard, H., Barigah, S. T., Kleinhentz, M., & Eshel, A. (2008). Is xylem cavitation resistance a relevant criterion for screening drought resistance among Prunus species?. Journal of Plant Physiology, 165(9), 976-982.
• Cochard, H., Damour, G., Bodet, C., Tharwat, I., Poirier, M., & Améglio, T. (2005). Evaluation of a new centrifuge technique for rapid generation of xylem vulnerability curves. Physiologia Plantarum, 124(4), 410-418.
• Dražeta, L., Lang, A., Hall, A. J., Volz, R. K., & Jameson, P. E. (2004). Causes and effects of changes in xylem functionality in apple fruit. Annals of Botany, 93(3), 275-282.
• Çıkman, E., Çömlekçioğlu, N., & Şimşek, M. (2011). Effects of different irrigation levels on population densities of liriomyza trifolii (burgess, 1880) on two vegetable soybean (Glycine max [l.] merr.) cultivars. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 29-35.
• Grimm, E., Pflugfelder, D., van Dusschoten, D., Winkler, A., & Knoche, M. (2017). Physical rupture of the xylem in developing sweet cherry fruit causes progressive decline in xylem sap inflow rate. Planta, 246(4), 659-672.
• Hargrave, K. R., Kolb, K. J., Ewers, F. W., & Davis, S. D. (1994). Conduit diameter and drought‐induced embolism in Salvia mellifera Greene (Labiatae). New Phytologist, 126(4), 695-705.
• Inch, S. A., & Ploetz, R. C. (2012). Impact of laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, on xylem function in avocado, Persea americana. Forest Pathology, 42(3), 239-245.
• Li, H., Zhang, X., Hou, X., & Du, T. (2021). Developmental and water deficit-induced changes in hydraulic properties and xylem anatomy of tomato fruit and pedicel. Journal of Experimental Botany, 72(7), 2741–2756.
• Liu, Y. Y., Song, J., Wang, M., Li, N., Niu, C. Y., & Hao, G. Y. (2015). Coordination of xylem hydraulics and stomatal regulation in keeping the integrity of xylem water transport in shoots of two compound-leaved tree species. Tree Physiology, 35(12), 1333-1342.
• Martinez, H. E. P., Maia, J. T. L. S., Ventrela, M. C., Milagres, C. D. C., Cecon, P. R., Clemente, J. M., & Garbin, C. Z. (2020). Leaf and stem anatomy of cherry tomato under calcium and magnesium deficiencies. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 63, e20180670.
• Meinzer, F. C., Clearwater, M. J., & Goldstein, G. (2001). Water transport in trees: current perspectives, new insights and some controversies. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 45(3), 239-262.
• Miqueloto, A., do Amarante, C. V. T., Steffens, C. A., dos Santos, A., & Mitcham, E. (2014). Relationship between xylem functionality, calcium content and the incidence of bitter pit in apple fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 165, 319-323.
• Polat, A. A. (2021). Investigation on the usage of hawthorn (Crataegus spp) as rootstock for loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 86-91.
• Rajput, V. D., Chen, Y., & Ayup, M. (2015). Effects of high salinity on physiological and anatomical indices in the early stages of Populus euphratica growth. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 62(2), 229-236.
• Sano, Y., Okamura, Y., & Utsumi, Y. (2005). Visualizing water-conduction pathways of living trees: selection of dyes and tissue preparation methods. Tree Physiology, 25(3), 269-275.
• Stiller, V. (2009). Soil salinity and drought alter wood density and vulnerability to xylem cavitation of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67(1), 164-171.
• Tezara, W. M. V. J., Mitchell, V. J., Driscoll, S. D., & Lawlor, D. W. (1999). Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling factor and ATP. Nature, 401(6756), 914-917.
• Umebayashi, T., Utsumi, Y., Koga, S., Inoue, S., Shiiba, Y., Arakawa, K., Matsumura, J., & Oda, K. (2007). Optimal conditions for visualizing water-conducting pathways in a living tree by the dye injection method. Tree Physiology, 27(7), 993-999.