Türkiye’de Yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca İneklerin Doğrusal Tip Özellikleri, Birinci Laktasyon Karlılığı ve Verim Özellikleri Arasındaki Genotopik Korelasyonlar

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 2, 83 - 90, 29.12.2020

İbrahim Tapkı , Nuran Tapkı , Yusuf Ziya Güzey , Muhammet Hanifi Selvi

https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.630155

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ıslah programlarında kullanılmak üzere doğrusal tip özellikleri, verim özellikleri ve birinci laktasyon karlılığı arasındaki genetik korelasyonların tespitini yapmaktır.

Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma 2012-2017 yılları arasında Hatay ilinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada toplam 810 baş birinci laktasyonda olan inek kullanılmıştır. Genetik parametrelerinin varyans ve kovaryanslarının analizi ise Multivariate Limited Maximum Likelihood testi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Ortalama inek başına birinci laktasyon net kar, 305-gün süt verimi, ilk buzağılama yaşı, ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma oranı ve kolay doğum oranı 540 US$, 6008 kg, 793 gün, %61.6 ve %91.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Doğrusal tip özellikleri ile verim özelliklerinin kalıtım dereceleri sırasıyla; 0.10-0.42 ve 0.04-0.39 arasında tahmin edilmiştir.  Birinci laktasyon karlılığı ile doğrusal tip özellikleri arasındaki genetik korelasyonlar -0.08 ve 0.42 arasında, birinci laktasyon karlılığı ile verim özellikleri arasındaki korelasyonlar 0.06 ve 0.34. arasında tahmin edilmiştir. Birinci laktasyon karlılığı ile en yüksek korelasyonu meme merkez bağı (0.42) gösterirken, en düşük korelasyonu meme derinliği (-0.08) göstermiştir. Yine birinci laktasyon karlılığı ile en yüksek korelasyonu süt proteini verimi (0.34) gösterirken, en düşük korelasyonu ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma oranı (0.09) göstermiştir. Doğrusal tip özellikleri ile verim özellikleri arasındaki genetik korelasyonlar -0.42 (Ayak açısı ve ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma oranı) ile 0.49 (Sütçü tip özelliği ve 305-gün süt verimi) arasında değişiklik göstermiştir.

Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları, birinci laktasyondaki daha fazla sütçü tipe sahip, ön meme bağlantısı güçlü, güçlü ayak ve bacak yapısına sahip ineklerin, birinci laktasyonda daha karlı olduklarını ve süt sığırı ıslah programlarında doğrusal tip özellikleri ile verim özellikleri arasındaki bu genetik korelasyonlardan yararlanılarak, daha isabetli seleksiyon yapılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Süt ırkı inek, genetik korelasyon, tip, verim, karlılık

Teşekkür

The authors thanks the dairy farm owners and Hatay Dairy Cattle Breeders' Association.

Genotypic Correlations among First Lactation Profitability, Linear Type and Production Traits of Black and White Cows in Turkey

Öz

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use genetic
correlations between linear type, production traits and first lactation
profitability for the breeding programs.

Material
and Methods: A Total of 810
primiparous cows were used. Multivariate Limited Maximum Likelihood was used to
determine the variance and covariance components of the genetic parameters.

Results: The average net profit, 305-d milk yield, first
calving age, conception rate at first service and calving ease rate were
determined as 540 US$, 6008 kg, 793 d, 61.6% and 91.7% respectively.
Heritabilities of linear type and production traits ranged from 0.10 to 0.42
and 0.04 to 0.39 respectively. The genetic correlations between first lactation
profitability and type traits ranged from -0.08 and 0.42, while between first lactation
profitability and production traits ranged from 0.06 and 0.34. The highest
genetic correlation was between first lactation profitability and central
ligament (0.42), while the lowest genetic correlation was between first
lactation profitability and udder depth (-0.08). The highest genetic
correlation was between first lactation profitability and lactation protein
yield (0.34), while the lowest genetic correlation was between first lactation
profitability and conception rate at first service (0.09). Genetic correlations
between type and production traits varied from -0.42 (FA and CFS) to 0.49 (DC and
305-d MY).

Conclusion: These results revealed that primiparous cows having
more angular, strong udder attachments, strong foot and legs structure were
more profitable and opportunities of genomic selection programs by using
genetic correlations between linear type and production traits, and first
lactation profitability could be achievable within dairy cattle breeding
programmes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dairy cow, genetic correlation, type, production, profitability

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