THE ELECTION CAMPAIGNS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GERMANY AFTER THE 1929 GREAT DEPRESSION

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 8 - 28, 27.10.2021

Mustafa Karaca , Abdülhakim Bahadır Darı , Caner Çakı

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to reveal what kind of basic promise the KPD turned to in the election campaigns after the1929 Great Depression and how it presented this basic promise. For this purpose, the posters of the KPD used in the election campaigns of the federal elections held in Germany on September 14, 1930, July 31, 1932 and November 6, 1932 were examined. The posters were analyzed through the three semiotic dimensions (syntactic, semantic and pragmatic) of the US linguist Charles William Morris. In the findings obtained in the study, it was revealed that the KPD glorified the communist administration and idealized the Soviet Union as a communist administration through posters. Considering that the effect of the 1929 Great Depression was limited in the Soviet Union, which was ruled under the communist regime, it was concluded that the basic message that the economic depression would not be effective in the country with the establishment of a communist administration in Germany under the leadership of the KPD was given through the posters in the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Election, Political Advertising, Political Communication, 1929 Great Depression, Germany

1929 BÜYÜK BUHRANI’NDAN SONRA ALMANYA KOMÜNİST PARTİSİ’NİN SEÇİM KAMPANYALARI

Öz

Çalışmada 1929 Büyük Buhranı’ndan sonra KPD’nin seçim kampanyalarında ne tür bir temel vaade yöneldiği ve bu temel vaadini ne şekilde sunduğunun ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada 14 Eylül 1930, 31 Temmuz 1932 ve 6 Kasım 1932 tarihlerinde Almanya’da gerçekleştirilen federal seçimlerde KPD’nin seçim kampanyalarında kullanılan posterleri incelenmiştir. Posterler, ABD’li dilbilimci Charles William Morris’in üç göstergebilim boyutu (sözdizimsel, anlambilimsel ve edimbilimsel) üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgularda, KPD’nin posterler üzerinden komünist yönetimi yücelttiği ve komünist yönetim olarak da Sovyetler Birliği’ni idealize ettiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Komünist rejim altında yönetilen Sovyetler Birliği’nde 1929 Büyük Buhranı’nın etkisinin sınırlı olduğu düşünüldüğünde çalışmada posterler üzerinden KPD’nin liderliğinde Almanya’da da komünist bir yönetimin kurulmasıyla ülkede ekonomik buhranın etkili olamayacağı temel mesajının verildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seçim, Siyasal Reklam, Siyasal İletişim, 1929 Büyük Buhranı, Almanya

Kaynakça

• Balderston, T. (1983). The beginning of the depression in Germany, 1927-30: Investment and the capital market. Economic History Review, 395-415.
• Cohn, R. L. (1992). Fiscal policy in Germany during the Great Depression. Explorations in Economic History, 29(3), 318-342.
• Eiland, H. (1986). Heidegger's political engagement. Salmagundi, (70/71), 267-284.
• Fischer, C. (2017). A vision of Europe: Franco-German relations during the Great Depression, 1929-1932. Great Britain: Oxford University Press.
• Fisher, J. D., & Hornstein, A. (2002). The role of real wages, productivity, and fiscal policy in Germany's Great Depression 1928–1937. Review of Economic Dynamics, 5(1), 100-127.
• Fiske, J. (2017). İletişim çalışmalarına giriş. (S. İrvan, Çev.). 5. Basım. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
• Frey, B. S., & Weck, H. (1983). A statistical study of the effect of the Great Depression on elections: The Weimar Republic, 1930–1933. Political Behavior, 5(4), 403-420.
• Kocić, M. (2017). The impact of the Great Depression (1929–1933) on trade relations between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Germany. Facta Unıversitatis-Economics and Organization, 14(1), 83-92.
• Petzina, D. (1969). Germany and the Great Depression. Journal of Contemporary History, 4(4), 59-74.
• Petzina, D. (1986). The extent and causes of unemployment in the Weimar Republic. Peter D. Stachura (Ed.). In Unemployment and the great depression in Weimar Germany (pp. 29-48). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Rifat, M. (2013). Açıklamalı göstergebilim sözlüğü: Kavramlar, yöntemler, kuramcılar, okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
• Ritschl, A. (1998). Reparation transfers, the Borchardt hypothesis and the Great Depression in Germany, 1929–32: A guided tour for hard-headed Keynesians. European Review of Economic History, 2(1), 49-72.
• Sotirović, V. B. (2014). The great economic depression in the Weimar Republic. Economics, 3(1), 1-8.
• Statista (2000). 1919-1933 Weimar Cumhuriyeti'ndeki Reichstag Seçimlerinin Sonuçları, https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/275954/umfrage/ergebnisse-der-reichstagswahlen-in-der-weimarer-republik-1919-1933/, Erişim Tarihi: 09.07.2021.
• Stögbauer, C. (2000). Measuring the impact of the Depression on the radical vote in the Weimar Republic: a spatio-temporal approach. Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte/Economic History Yearbook, 41(2), 157-172.
• Temin, P. (1971). The beginning of the depression in Germany. The Economic History Review, 24(2), 240-248.
• Temin, P. (1990). Socialism and wages in the recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany. The Journal of Economic History, 50(2), 297-307.
• Temin, P. (2016). Great Depression. Garett Jones. (Ed.). In Banking crises (pp. 144-153). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Trueman, C. N. (2015). 1928 – 1932 Weimar Seçimleri, https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/weimar-germany/weimar-elections-1928-to-1932/, Erişim Tarihi: 9 Temmuz 2021.
• Wahlplakate (2021a). KPD’nin 14 Eylül 1930 Tarihindeki Federal Seçimde Kullandığı Posterler, http://www.wahlplakate-archiv.de/wahlen/reichstagswahl-1930/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2021.
• Wahlplakate (2021b). KPD’nin 31 Temmuz 1932 tarihindeki federal seçimde kullandığı posterler, http://www.wahlplakate-archiv.de/wahlen/reichstagswahl-1932-juli/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2021.
• Wahlplakate (2021c). KPD’nin 6 Kasım 1932 Tarihindeki Federal Seçimde Kullandığı Posterler, http://www.wahlplakate-archiv.de/wahlen/reichstagswahl-1932-november/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2021.
• Wandel, E. G. (1983). Germany's political morale and morals during the Great Depression. The Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, 28(1), 11-17.
• Weder, M. (2006). Some observations on the Great Depression in Germany. German Economic Review, 7(1), 113-133.