Araştırma Makalesi
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3D cadastral standard definition and development using international standards for Turkey cadastral system

Yıl 2020, , 70 - 85, 01.05.2020

Mehmet Alkan , Hicret Gürsoy Sürmeneli

https://doi.org/10.9733/JGG.2020R0005.E

Öz

In the last twenty years, cadastral definitions and terminology have been changed all over the world. For this reason, the two dimensional (2D) cadastral terminology has changed to the three dimensional (3D) cadastral context. The 2014 cadastral declarations do not utterly cover the 3D data model. In these contexts, some international standards have been developed for the cadastral process. LADM is to establish a common ontology for rights, responsibilities and restrictions (RRR) affecting the land administration and its geometric components. The other standards are the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) cadastral data themes that are compatible with the LADM data model. However, the INSPIRE cadastral parcels only deal with the geometric part of the cadastral data. Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) conducts parallel works with ISO / TC 211 committee (ISO/TC 211 is a standard technical committee which is studied areas of digital geographic information and geomatics). OGC within its structure, ISO / TC211 and data standards are similar and compatible. ISO / TC 211 identify high-level and non-direct data models for geographic information producers and users. In this context, the Geo-Marking Language (GML) developed by OGC is a language that enables modelling, storage and sharing of the 3D geometry. Also, it covers the attributes information of geographic objects according to the XML schema. The motivation of the study is to create a standard for a 3D cadastral data model for Turkey by integrating standards with superior and different characteristics. The most important contributions of the study are the evaluation of the Turkish cadastral system within the scope of international standards (especially LADM) and demonstrating the comparability in the international platform. Another contribution is that the legal dimension of the cadastral system is modelled with international standards, and a model proposal is made for 3D cadastral data.

Anahtar Kelimeler

3D cadastre LADM International standards

Kaynakça

  • Aien, A. (2013). 3D cadastral data modelling (Doctoral Dissertation), University of Melbourne, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Victoria, Australia.
  • Akinci, H., & Comert, C. (2009). TUCBS ve INSPIRE teknik mimarisi, 12. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara (In Turkish).
  • Alkan, M. (2005). Tapu ve kadastro verilerine yönelik zamansal coğrafi bilgi sistemi tasarımı (Doctoral Dissertation), Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Alkan, M., & Polat, Z. A. (2017). Design and development of LADM-based infrastructure for Turkey. Survey review, 49(356), 370-385.
  • Alkan, M., Gursoy Surmeneli, H., & Polat, Z.A. (2018). Design and Determine Cadastral and Land Management Performance of Turkey with Cadastre 2034 Vision, XXVI FIG Congress, Istanbul.
  • Ayazli, E. (2006). Üç boyutlu kadastro (Master Thesis). Yildiz Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Aydin, C. C. (2008). Usage of underground space for 3D cadastre purposes and related problems in Turkey. Sensors, 8(11), 6972-6983.
  • Aydinoglu, A.C. (2007). ISO / TC211-coğrafi bilgi standartları, TMMOB Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Kongresi, Trabzon (In Turkish).
  • Aydinoglu, A.C. (2010). Coğrafi veri yönetiminde standart kavramı, 3. Uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri sempozyumu, Kocaeli (In Turkish).
  • Aydinoglu, A. C., & Yomralioglu, T. (2010). A harmonised GI model for urban governance. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer (Vol. 163, No. 2, pp. 65-76). Thomas Telford Ltd.
  • Aydinoglu, A. C., & Inan, H. I. (2014). Developing land registry and cadastre base data model for land management applications. FIG Congress 2014.
  • Aydinoglu, A. C., & Bovkir, R. (2017). Generic land registry and cadastre data model supporting interoperability based on international standards for Turkey. Land use policy, 68, 59-71.
  • Benhamu, M., & Doytsher, Y. (2003). Toward a spatial 3D cadastre in Israel. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 27(4), 359-374.
  • Coruhlu, Y. E., Demir, O., Yildiz, O., & Cete, M. (2016). The relation between structured cultural heritages and condominium towards 3D cadastre. Survey review, 48(351), 438-449.
  • Cete, M., & Inan, H.I. (2013). Kadastroda Modern Eğilimler ve Türkiye Kadastrosu, 14. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara (In Turkish).
  • Doner, F., & Biyik, C. (2007). Defining 2D Parcels in 3D Space by Using Elevation Data, FIG Working Week 2007 Hong Kong SAR, China.
  • Doner, F. (2010). Türk kadastro sistemi için üç boyutlu yaklaşım (Doctoral Dissertation), Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Doner, F., Thompson, R., Stoter, J., Lemmen, C., Ploeger, H., van Oosterom, P., & Zlatanova, S. (2010). 4D cadastres: First analysis of legal, organizational, and technical impact—With a case study on utility networks. Land Use Policy, 27(4), 1068-1081.
  • Doner, F., Thompson, R., Stoter, J., Lemmen, C., Ploeger, H., van Oosterom, P., & Zlatanova, S. (2011). Solutions for 4D cadastre–with a case study on utility networks. International journal of geographical information science, 25(7), 1173-1189.
  • Doner, F., & Biyik, C. (2013). Conformity of LADM for Modeling 3D/4D Cadastre Situations in Turkey, 5th Land Administration Domain Model Workshop, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Ekin, E., & Cabuk, A. (2011). OGC Olanakları ile CBS Tabanlı Hizmet Yönetimi: Akıllı Altyapı, 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS'11), Elazig (In Turkish).
  • Guo, R., Li, L., Ying, S., Luo, P., He, B., & Jiang, R. (2013). Developing a 3D cadastre for the administration of urban land use: A case study of Shenzhen, China. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 40, 46-55.
  • Gursoy Surmeneli, H., & Alkan, M. (2018). Design and Determine 3D Cadastral Systems: A Case Study of Turkey, 6th International FIG 3D Cadastre Workshop, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Hassan, M., & Rahman, A. (2011). Unique identifier for 3D cadastre objects registration, The 2nd international workshop on 3D cadastres, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Herdlevær, H. (2018). Cadastral template. Norwegian Mapping and Cadaster Authority Director Cadastral Department.
  • Karatas, K. (2007). Kentsel teknik alt yapı tesisleri, kadastrosu ve Türkiye'deki uygulamaların organizasyonu (Doctoral Dissertation), Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Kumdakci, S. (2005). Kadastral amaçlı bilgi sistemlerinde 3 boyutlu modelleme ve görselleştirme tekniklerinin kullanılması konusunda bir araştırma (Master Thesis). Yildiz Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Lemmen, C. H. J., van Oosterom, P. J. M., Uitermark, H. T., Zevenbergen, J. A., & Cooper, A. K. (2011). Interoperable domain models: The ISO land administration domain model LADM and its external classes. UDMS 2011, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Lemmen, C., van Oosterom, P., & Bennett, R. (2015). The land administration domain model. Land use policy, 49, 535-545.
  • Mataraci, O. Yomralioglu, T., & Cete, M. (2009). AB’de Kadastro Parselinin INSPIRE Direktifleri Kapsaminda Değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye’nin Yeri. 14. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara (In Turkish).
  • Paulsson, J., & Paasch, J.M., (2011). 3D property research – A survey of the occurrence of legal topics in publications. The 2nd international workshop on 3D Cadastres, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Polat, Z. A., Alkan, M., & Gursoy Surmeneli, H. (2017). Determining strategies for the cadastre 2034 vision using an AHP-Based SWOT analysis: A case study for the turkish cadastral and land administration system. Land Use Policy, 67, 151-166.
  • Rajabifard, A. (2014). 3D Cadastres and Beyond, 4. International Workshop on 3D Cadastres, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
  • Simsion, G.C., & Witt, G.C. (2005). Data modeling essentials (3rd ed.). Amsterdam; Boston: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Sorensen, E.M. (2011). 3 Dimensional property rights in Denmark, 3D property design is working – Visualization not. The 2. international workshop on 3D cadastres, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Steudler, D. (2015). Dimension cadastre – stepping beyond limits. FIG working Week from the Wisdom of the Ages to the Challenges of the Modern World, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Stoter, J. E., & Salzmann, M. E. (2003). Where do cadastral needs and technical possibilities meet? In van Oosterom, P.J.M., & Lemmen C.H.J. (2003), Cadastral systems III, 3D cadastre. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems (CEUS).
  • Stoter, J.E. (2004). 3D Cadastre (Doctoral Dissertation). TU Delft, the Netherlands.
  • Stoter, J., Sørensen, E. M., & Bodum, L. (2004). 3D registration of real property in Denmark. FIG Working Week, Athens, Greece.
  • Stoter, J. E., & van Oosterom, P. J. M. (2005). Technological aspects of a full 3D cadastral registration. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 19(6), 669-696.
  • Stoter, J., Ploeger, H., & van Oosterom, P. (2013). 3D cadastre in the Netherlands: Developments and international applicability. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 40, 56-67.
  • Tjia, D., & Coetzee, S. (2013). Application of the Land Administration Domain Model to the city of Johannesburg land information system. South African Journal of Geomatics, 2(3), 260-279.
  • van Oosterom, P., Ploeger, H., Stoter, J., Thompson, R., & Lemmen, C. (2006). Aspects of a 4D cadastre: a first exploration. In In: Peoceedings of Shaping the Change, XXIII international FIG congress.
  • van Oosterom, P. (2018). Best Practices 3D Cadastres. International Federation of Surveyors (FIG): Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • URL-1: Turkey's National Geographic Information System Determination Standard Project: TUCBS conceptual model components, T. C. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization General Directorate of Geographical Information Systems. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/csb/dokumanlar/cbs0008.pdf (Accessed: 7 April 2019).
  • URL-2: NEN 3610: Land-information terrain model - Terms, definitions and general rules for the classification and coding of objects related to the earth's surface. https://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop-2/Standard/NEN-36101995-nl.htm (Accessed: 10 December 2018).

Türkiye kadastro sistemi için uluslararası standartları kullanarak 3B kadastro standart tanımı ve gelişimi

Yıl 2020, , 70 - 85, 01.05.2020

Mehmet Alkan , Hicret Gürsoy Sürmeneli

https://doi.org/10.9733/JGG.2020R0005.E

Öz

Son yirmi yılda kadastro tanımları ve terminolojisi tüm dünyada değişmiştir. Bu nedenle, iki boyutlu (2B) kadastro terminolojisi üç boyutlu (3B) kadastro bağlamına dönüşmüştür. 2014 kadastral bildirimleri kadastro nesneleri için 3B veri modelini kapsamamaktadır. Bu bağlamlarda, kadastro süreci için bazı uluslararası standartlar geliştirilmiştir. AİTM, arazi yönetimini ve geometrik bileşenlerini etkileyen haklar, sorumluluklar ve kısıtlamalar (RRR) için ortak bir ontoloji oluşturmaktır. Diğer standartlar, AİTM veri modeliyle uyumlu olan Avrupa Topluluğu'ndaki Konumsal Bilgi Altyapısı (INSPIRE) kadastro veri temalarıdır. Ancak INSPIRE kadastro parselleri sadece kadastro verilerinin geometrik kısmı ile ilgilidir. Açık Coğrafi Konsorsiyum (OGC), ISO / TC 211 TC211 komitesiyle (ISO / TC 211, dijital coğrafi bilgi ve harita mühendisliği alanlarını inceleyen standart bir teknik komitedir) paralel çalışmalar yürütmektedir. OGC bünyesinde, ISO / TC211 ve veri standartları benzer ve uyumludur. ISO / TC 211, coğrafi bilgi üreticileri ve kullanıcıları için üst düzey ve doğrudan olmayan veri modellerini tanımlar. Bu bağlamda, OGC tarafından geliştirilen Coğrafi İşaretleme Dili (GML-Coğrafya İşaretleme Dili) 3B geometrinin modellenmesini, depolanmasını ve paylaşılmasını sağlayan bir dildir. Ayrıca, (XML) şema yapısına göre coğrafi nesnelerin nitelik bilgilerini de kapsar. Çalışmanın temel amacı, standartları üstün ve farklı özelliklerle bütünleştirerek, Türkiye için bir 3B kadastro veri modeli için bir standart oluşturmaktır. Çalışma dört ana aşamaya dayanmaktadır. İlk adım Türk kadastro sistemini açıklamaktır. Böylece sistemin avantajları ve dezavantajları tartışılmaktadır. İkinci aşamada, uluslararası standartların uyumlaştırılması ve 3B kadastroya katkıları açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada, Türk kadastro sistemi, 3B kadastro kapsamında mantıklı bir veri modelinin oluşturulmasıdır. Son bölümde modelin değerlendirilmesi, sonuçlar ve bulgular verilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli katkıları, Türk kadastro sisteminin uluslararası standartlar (özellikle AİTM) kapsamında değerlendirilmesi ve uluslararası platformda karşılaştırılabilir olduğunun gösterilmesidir. Bir diğer katkı, kadastro sisteminin yasal boyutunun uluslararası standartlara göre modellenmesi ve 3B kadastro verileri için bir model önerisi yapılmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

3B kadastro LADM Uluslararası standartlar

Kaynakça

  • Aien, A. (2013). 3D cadastral data modelling (Doctoral Dissertation), University of Melbourne, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Victoria, Australia.
  • Akinci, H., & Comert, C. (2009). TUCBS ve INSPIRE teknik mimarisi, 12. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara (In Turkish).
  • Alkan, M. (2005). Tapu ve kadastro verilerine yönelik zamansal coğrafi bilgi sistemi tasarımı (Doctoral Dissertation), Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Alkan, M., & Polat, Z. A. (2017). Design and development of LADM-based infrastructure for Turkey. Survey review, 49(356), 370-385.
  • Alkan, M., Gursoy Surmeneli, H., & Polat, Z.A. (2018). Design and Determine Cadastral and Land Management Performance of Turkey with Cadastre 2034 Vision, XXVI FIG Congress, Istanbul.
  • Ayazli, E. (2006). Üç boyutlu kadastro (Master Thesis). Yildiz Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Aydin, C. C. (2008). Usage of underground space for 3D cadastre purposes and related problems in Turkey. Sensors, 8(11), 6972-6983.
  • Aydinoglu, A.C. (2007). ISO / TC211-coğrafi bilgi standartları, TMMOB Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Kongresi, Trabzon (In Turkish).
  • Aydinoglu, A.C. (2010). Coğrafi veri yönetiminde standart kavramı, 3. Uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri sempozyumu, Kocaeli (In Turkish).
  • Aydinoglu, A. C., & Yomralioglu, T. (2010). A harmonised GI model for urban governance. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer (Vol. 163, No. 2, pp. 65-76). Thomas Telford Ltd.
  • Aydinoglu, A. C., & Inan, H. I. (2014). Developing land registry and cadastre base data model for land management applications. FIG Congress 2014.
  • Aydinoglu, A. C., & Bovkir, R. (2017). Generic land registry and cadastre data model supporting interoperability based on international standards for Turkey. Land use policy, 68, 59-71.
  • Benhamu, M., & Doytsher, Y. (2003). Toward a spatial 3D cadastre in Israel. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 27(4), 359-374.
  • Coruhlu, Y. E., Demir, O., Yildiz, O., & Cete, M. (2016). The relation between structured cultural heritages and condominium towards 3D cadastre. Survey review, 48(351), 438-449.
  • Cete, M., & Inan, H.I. (2013). Kadastroda Modern Eğilimler ve Türkiye Kadastrosu, 14. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara (In Turkish).
  • Doner, F., & Biyik, C. (2007). Defining 2D Parcels in 3D Space by Using Elevation Data, FIG Working Week 2007 Hong Kong SAR, China.
  • Doner, F. (2010). Türk kadastro sistemi için üç boyutlu yaklaşım (Doctoral Dissertation), Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Doner, F., Thompson, R., Stoter, J., Lemmen, C., Ploeger, H., van Oosterom, P., & Zlatanova, S. (2010). 4D cadastres: First analysis of legal, organizational, and technical impact—With a case study on utility networks. Land Use Policy, 27(4), 1068-1081.
  • Doner, F., Thompson, R., Stoter, J., Lemmen, C., Ploeger, H., van Oosterom, P., & Zlatanova, S. (2011). Solutions for 4D cadastre–with a case study on utility networks. International journal of geographical information science, 25(7), 1173-1189.
  • Doner, F., & Biyik, C. (2013). Conformity of LADM for Modeling 3D/4D Cadastre Situations in Turkey, 5th Land Administration Domain Model Workshop, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Ekin, E., & Cabuk, A. (2011). OGC Olanakları ile CBS Tabanlı Hizmet Yönetimi: Akıllı Altyapı, 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS'11), Elazig (In Turkish).
  • Guo, R., Li, L., Ying, S., Luo, P., He, B., & Jiang, R. (2013). Developing a 3D cadastre for the administration of urban land use: A case study of Shenzhen, China. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 40, 46-55.
  • Gursoy Surmeneli, H., & Alkan, M. (2018). Design and Determine 3D Cadastral Systems: A Case Study of Turkey, 6th International FIG 3D Cadastre Workshop, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Hassan, M., & Rahman, A. (2011). Unique identifier for 3D cadastre objects registration, The 2nd international workshop on 3D cadastres, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Herdlevær, H. (2018). Cadastral template. Norwegian Mapping and Cadaster Authority Director Cadastral Department.
  • Karatas, K. (2007). Kentsel teknik alt yapı tesisleri, kadastrosu ve Türkiye'deki uygulamaların organizasyonu (Doctoral Dissertation), Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Kumdakci, S. (2005). Kadastral amaçlı bilgi sistemlerinde 3 boyutlu modelleme ve görselleştirme tekniklerinin kullanılması konusunda bir araştırma (Master Thesis). Yildiz Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey (in Turkish).
  • Lemmen, C. H. J., van Oosterom, P. J. M., Uitermark, H. T., Zevenbergen, J. A., & Cooper, A. K. (2011). Interoperable domain models: The ISO land administration domain model LADM and its external classes. UDMS 2011, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Lemmen, C., van Oosterom, P., & Bennett, R. (2015). The land administration domain model. Land use policy, 49, 535-545.
  • Mataraci, O. Yomralioglu, T., & Cete, M. (2009). AB’de Kadastro Parselinin INSPIRE Direktifleri Kapsaminda Değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye’nin Yeri. 14. Türkiye Harita Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Ankara (In Turkish).
  • Paulsson, J., & Paasch, J.M., (2011). 3D property research – A survey of the occurrence of legal topics in publications. The 2nd international workshop on 3D Cadastres, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Polat, Z. A., Alkan, M., & Gursoy Surmeneli, H. (2017). Determining strategies for the cadastre 2034 vision using an AHP-Based SWOT analysis: A case study for the turkish cadastral and land administration system. Land Use Policy, 67, 151-166.
  • Rajabifard, A. (2014). 3D Cadastres and Beyond, 4. International Workshop on 3D Cadastres, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
  • Simsion, G.C., & Witt, G.C. (2005). Data modeling essentials (3rd ed.). Amsterdam; Boston: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
  • Sorensen, E.M. (2011). 3 Dimensional property rights in Denmark, 3D property design is working – Visualization not. The 2. international workshop on 3D cadastres, Delft, The Netherlands.
  • Steudler, D. (2015). Dimension cadastre – stepping beyond limits. FIG working Week from the Wisdom of the Ages to the Challenges of the Modern World, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Stoter, J. E., & Salzmann, M. E. (2003). Where do cadastral needs and technical possibilities meet? In van Oosterom, P.J.M., & Lemmen C.H.J. (2003), Cadastral systems III, 3D cadastre. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems (CEUS).
  • Stoter, J.E. (2004). 3D Cadastre (Doctoral Dissertation). TU Delft, the Netherlands.
  • Stoter, J., Sørensen, E. M., & Bodum, L. (2004). 3D registration of real property in Denmark. FIG Working Week, Athens, Greece.
  • Stoter, J. E., & van Oosterom, P. J. M. (2005). Technological aspects of a full 3D cadastral registration. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 19(6), 669-696.
  • Stoter, J., Ploeger, H., & van Oosterom, P. (2013). 3D cadastre in the Netherlands: Developments and international applicability. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 40, 56-67.
  • Tjia, D., & Coetzee, S. (2013). Application of the Land Administration Domain Model to the city of Johannesburg land information system. South African Journal of Geomatics, 2(3), 260-279.
  • van Oosterom, P., Ploeger, H., Stoter, J., Thompson, R., & Lemmen, C. (2006). Aspects of a 4D cadastre: a first exploration. In In: Peoceedings of Shaping the Change, XXIII international FIG congress.
  • van Oosterom, P. (2018). Best Practices 3D Cadastres. International Federation of Surveyors (FIG): Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • URL-1: Turkey's National Geographic Information System Determination Standard Project: TUCBS conceptual model components, T. C. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization General Directorate of Geographical Information Systems. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/csb/dokumanlar/cbs0008.pdf (Accessed: 7 April 2019).
  • URL-2: NEN 3610: Land-information terrain model - Terms, definitions and general rules for the classification and coding of objects related to the earth's surface. https://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop-2/Standard/NEN-36101995-nl.htm (Accessed: 10 December 2018).
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Alkan 0000-0002-7542-5455

Hicret Gürsoy Sürmeneli Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5078-6588

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Alkan, M., & Gürsoy Sürmeneli, H. (2020). 3D cadastral standard definition and development using international standards for Turkey cadastral system. Jeodezi Ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi, 7(1), 70-85. https://doi.org/10.9733/JGG.2020R0005.E
AMA Alkan M, Gürsoy Sürmeneli H. 3D cadastral standard definition and development using international standards for Turkey cadastral system. hkmojjd. Mayıs 2020;7(1):70-85. doi:10.9733/JGG.2020R0005.E
Chicago Alkan, Mehmet, ve Hicret Gürsoy Sürmeneli. “3D Cadastral Standard Definition and Development Using International Standards for Turkey Cadastral System”. Jeodezi Ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi 7, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2020): 70-85. https://doi.org/10.9733/JGG.2020R0005.E.
EndNote Alkan M, Gürsoy Sürmeneli H (01 Mayıs 2020) 3D cadastral standard definition and development using international standards for Turkey cadastral system. Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi 7 1 70–85.
IEEE M. Alkan ve H. Gürsoy Sürmeneli, “3D cadastral standard definition and development using international standards for Turkey cadastral system”, hkmojjd, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 70–85, 2020, doi: 10.9733/JGG.2020R0005.E.
ISNAD Alkan, Mehmet - Gürsoy Sürmeneli, Hicret. “3D Cadastral Standard Definition and Development Using International Standards for Turkey Cadastral System”. Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi 7/1 (Mayıs 2020), 70-85. https://doi.org/10.9733/JGG.2020R0005.E.
JAMA Alkan M, Gürsoy Sürmeneli H. 3D cadastral standard definition and development using international standards for Turkey cadastral system. hkmojjd. 2020;7:70–85.
MLA Alkan, Mehmet ve Hicret Gürsoy Sürmeneli. “3D Cadastral Standard Definition and Development Using International Standards for Turkey Cadastral System”. Jeodezi Ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 70-85, doi:10.9733/JGG.2020R0005.E.
Vancouver Alkan M, Gürsoy Sürmeneli H. 3D cadastral standard definition and development using international standards for Turkey cadastral system. hkmojjd. 2020;7(1):70-85.