Physical and Psychological Reflections of the COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students

Yıl 2023, , 1219 - 1241, 30.10.2023

Evrim Göz , Ebru Güç

https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1348661

Öz

Purpose: One of our purpose is to determine the relationships between the physical activity levels of university students and musculoskeletal system problems, psychological resilience, intolerance to uncertainty, and psychological distress related to COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Other purpose of this study is to examine whether the psychological resilience of individuals is significantly predicted by intolerance to uncertainty, psychological distress related to COVID-19, physical activity level, and musculoskeletal system problems. Methods: 860 university students participated in the study. Results: It was seen that, while the activity levels of university students increase, their psychological resilience increases, and the lowest level of psychological distress related to COVID-19 is the most active group, intolerance to uncertainty and total physical activity level significantly predict resilience. Musculoskeletal pain was mostly seen in the lumbar region in university students during the pandemic. Additionally, individuals with low back pain had lower levels of psychological resilience, vigorous physical activity, and a higher intolerance to uncertainty. Conclusion: The increased physical inactivity during the pandemic both negatively affects the psychological resilience of the students and causes musculoskeletal pain; consequently, it is important for university students to participate in physical activity in order to protect their physical and psychological health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 pandemic, university students, physical activity, psychological resilience

Destekleyen Kurum

no

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

COVID-19 Salgınının Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerindeki Fiziksel ve Psikolojik Yansımaları

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amaçlarından biri, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile kas-iskelet sistemi problemleri, psikolojik sağlamlık, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve Covid-19 ile ilgili psikolojik sıkıntı arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemektir. Araştırmanın diğer amacı ise, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, COVID-19 ile ilgili psikolojik sıkıntı, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve kas-iskelet sistemi problemlerinin bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlığını anlamlı düzeyde yordayıp yordamadığının incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Araştırmaya 860 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Bulgular: Üniversite öğrencilerinin aktivite düzeyleri arttıkça psikolojik sağlamlıklarının da arttığı, COVID-19 ile ilgili psikolojik sıkıntı düzeyi en düşük olan grubun en aktif grup olduğu, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve toplam fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin sağlamlığı anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı görülmüştür. Pandemi döneminde üniversite öğrencilerinde kas-iskelet sistemi ağrıları en çok bel bölgesinde görülmüştür. Bu bulgulara ek olarak, bel ağrısı olan bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlık ve kuvvetli fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri daha düşük, belirsizliğe karşı tahammülsüzlükleri ise daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Pandemi sürecinde artan fiziksel inaktivite, hem öğrencilerin psikolojik sağlamlıkları olumsuz etkiliyor hem de kas-iskelet sistemi ağrılarına neden oluyor; dolayısıyla üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel ve psikolojik sağlıklarını koruyabilmeleri için fiziksel aktiviteye katılmaları önemlidir.karşılayan özerklik, yetkinlik ve kişilerarası ilişkilerin bileşenlerinin farkındalığını geliştiren bir etkinlik düzenlenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 pandemisi, üniversite öğrencileri, fiziksel aktivite, psikolojik sağlamlık

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

• Alsalhe, T. A., Aljaloud, S. O., Chalghaf, N., Guelmami, N., Alhazza, D. W., Azaiez, F., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2020). Moderation effect of physical activity on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and general distress: A pilot case study in Arabic countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 570085. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570085
• Amo, C., Almansour, N., & Harvey, I. S. (2022). Physical Activity and Mental Health Declined during the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811230
• Amro, A., Albakry, S., Jaradat, M., Khaleel, M., Kharroubi, T., Dabbas, A., & Dwaik, R. (2020). Musculoskeletal disorders and association with social media use among university students at the quarantine time of COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Studies, 1(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.15744/2767-4584.1.104
• Antonini Philippe, R., Schwab, L., & Biasutti, M. (2021). Effects of physical activity and mindfulness on resilience and depression during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 700742. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700742
• Aslan, I., Ochnik, D., & Çınar, O. (2020). Exploring perceived stress among students in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238961
• Ay, T., Oruç, D., & Özdoğru, A. A. (2022). Adaptation and evaluation of COVID-19 related Psychological Distress Scale Turkish form. Death Studies, 46(3), 560-568. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1873459
• Cairney, J., Kwan, M. Y., Veldhuizen, S., & Faulkner, G. E. (2014). Who uses exercise as a coping strategy for stress? Results from a national survey of Canadians. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(5), 908-916. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0107
• Carriedo, A., Cecchini, J. A., Fernández-Río, J., & Méndez-Giménez, A. (2020). Resilience and physical activity in people under home isolation due to COVID-19: A preliminary evaluation. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 19, 100361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100361
• Cerea, S., Pecunioso, A., Casali, N., Moro, T., Paoli, A., & Ghisi, M. (2022). How COVID-19 lockdown affected physical activity levels and wellbeing: an Italian Survey. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2022.2098358
• Chaharbaghi, Z., Hosseini, F. B., Baniasadi, T., Moradi, L., & Dana, A. (2022). Impact of physical activity on resilience among teenage girls during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mediation by self-esteem. Women’s Health Bulletin, 9(2), 80-85. https://doi.org/10.30476/whb.2022.94451.1166
• Ciftci, S. K., Gok, R., & Karadag, E. (2023). Acceptance and use of the distance education systems of Turkish medical educators during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of contextual factors with the UTAUT2. BMC medical education, 23(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04024-7
• Dana, A., Abdi, K., Salehian, M., & Mokari Saei, S. (2022). Psychosocial Distress among Teenage Girls within the Coronavirus Outbreak: The Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time. Women’s Health Bulletin, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.30476/whb.2022.94886.1173
• De la Rosa, A., Monterrosa Quintero, A., Camacho-Villa, M. A., Arc-Chagnaud, C., Andrade, A. G. P. d., Reyes-Correa, S., . . . Fuentes-García, J. P. (2022). Physical activity levels and psychological well-being during COVID-19 lockdown among university students and employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811234
• de Paiva Gomes, I., Mitleton, V., Fiorin, L. G. B., dos Santos Leite, C., & Pires, O. C. (2021). Musculoskeletal Pain in Medical Students Subject to Remote Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 9(8), 92-19. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2021.98008
• Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
• Duru, Y. B., Gunal, V., Agaoglu, C. Y., & Tatlı, C. (2022). The role of covid‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting resilience. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 63(5), 522-529. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12820
• Gałczyk, M., Zalewska, A., Białokoz-Kalinowska, I., & Sobolewski, M. (2021). Chronic back condition and the level of physical activity as well as internet addiction among physiotherapy students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6718. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136718
• Gentile, A., Alesi, M., & Caci, B. (2022). Protective and Educational Effects of Physical Activity Practice on Mental Health in Young Age during COVID-19 Lockdown. Sustainability, 15(1), 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010752
• Güneş, S., Ulusoy, B. H., Aygen, E., Murat, E., Köklüoğlu, B., Kuzyaka, B. A., . . . Kutlay, Ş. (2022). Musculoskeletal system pain and related factors during online education in the COVID-19 pandemic among Ankara university faculty of medicine students, Turkey. J Ankara Univ Fac Med, 75, 36-41. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2021.93898
• Kahraman, T., Genç, A., & Göz, E. (2016). The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation into Turkish assessing its psychometric properties. Disability and rehabilitation, 38(21), 2153-2160. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1114034
• Kamper, S. J., Apeldoorn, A. T., Chiarotto, A., Smeets, R. J., Ostelo, R. W., Guzman, J., & van Tulder, M. (2015). Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 350. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h444
• Karataş, Z., & Tagay, Ö. (2021). The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the covid pandemic in Turkey and Covid-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592
• Karatel, M., Bulut, Z. I., Sari, E. O., Pelin, Z., & Yakut, Y. (2022). The profile of musculoskeletal pain and its associations with sleep quality and depression during the COVID-19 in Turkey. The Korean Journal of Pain, 35(1), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.78
• Kljajević, V., Stanković, M., Đorđević, D., Trkulja-Petković, D., Jovanović, R., Plazibat, K., . . . Sporiš, G. (2021). Physical activity and physical fitness among university students—A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010158
• Koçak, O., Koçak, Ö. E., & Younis, M. Z. (2021). The psychological consequences of COVID-19 fear and the moderator effects of individuals’ underlying illness and witnessing infected friends and family. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041836
• Kuśnierz, C., Rogowska, A. M., Kwaśnicka, A., & Ochnik, D. (2021). The mediating role of orthorexia in the relationship between physical activity and fear of COVID-19 among university students in Poland. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5061. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215061
• Lee, J., Solomon, M., Stead, T., Kwon, B., & Ganti, L. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of US college students. BMC Psychology, 9(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00598-3
• Leirós-Rodríguez, R., Rodríguez-Nogueira, Ó., Pinto-Carral, A., Álvarez-Álvarez, M. J., Galán-Martín, M. Á., Montero-Cuadrado, F., & Benítez-Andrades, J. A. (2020). Musculoskeletal pain and non-classroom teaching in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of the impact on students from two Spanish universities. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(12), 4053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9124053
• López-Valenciano, A., Suárez-Iglesias, D., Sanchez-Lastra, M. A., & Ayán, C. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on university students' physical activity levels: an early systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 3787. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.624567
• Mahdavi, S. B., Riahi, R., Vahdatpour, B., & Kelishadi, R. (2021). Association between sedentary behavior and low back pain; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promotion Perspectives, 11(4), 393. . https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.50
• Olaya-Contreras, P., & Styf, J. (2013). Biopsychosocial function analyses changes the assessment of the ability to work in patients on long-term sick-leave due to chronic musculoskeletal pain: The role of undiagnosed mental health comorbidity. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 41(3), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494812473380
• Örgev, C., & Kınalı, G. (2022). Physical, Psychological and Social Secondary Consequences of the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Turkish University Students. Global Challenges, 6(7), 2100098. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202100098
• Özdinç, S., & Turan, F. N. (2019). Sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinde kas iskelet sistemi problemleri ile fiziksel aktivite ve stres düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi, 6(2), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.434594
• Prajapati, S. P., & Purohit, A. (2021). Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among college students in times of COVID-19 pandemic-an observational study. Int. J. Health Sci. Res, 11, 214-218. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211028
• Roggio, F., Trovato, B., Ravalli, S., Di Rosa, M., Maugeri, G., Bianco, A., . . . Musumeci, G. (2021). One year of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: effect of sedentary behavior on physical activity levels and musculoskeletal pain among university students. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health, 18(16), 8680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168680
• Rogowska, A. M., Pavlova, I., Kuśnierz, C., Ochnik, D., Bodnar, I., & Petrytsa, P. (2020). Does physical activity matter for the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(11), 3494. . https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113494
• Saglam, M., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., & Tokgozoglu, L. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 111(1), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284
• Sarıçam, H., Deveci, M., & Ahmetoğlu, E. (2020). The examination of hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience levels in parents having disabled children. Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v10i1.4398
• Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A., & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). The Turkish short version of the intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12) scale: The study of validity and reliability. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148-157.
• Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing: Serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(5), 2731-2742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00305-0
• Sfendla, A., & Hadrya, F. (2020). Factors associated with psychological distress and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Security, 18(6), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2020.0062
• Taeymans, J., Luijckx, E., Rogan, S., Haas, K., & Baur, H. (2021). Physical activity, nutritional habits, and sleeping behavior in students and employees of a Swiss University during the COVID-19 lockdown period: questionnaire survey study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(4), e26330. https://doi.org/10.2196/26330
• Tigli, A., Altıntaş, A., & Aytar, A. (2020). Effects of posture and ergonomics training for students receiving distance education during the covid-19 pandemic on musculoskeletal pain, exercise behavior decision-making balance, and physical activity level. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 7(2), 137-144.
• To, Q. G., Vandelanotte, C., Cope, K., Khalesi, S., Williams, S. L., Alley, S. J., . . . Stanton, R. (2022). The association of resilience with depression, anxiety, stress and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 491. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12911-9
• Varol, G., & Tokuç, B. (2020). Halk sağlığı boyutuyla Türkiye’de Covid-19 pandemisinin değerlendirmesi. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi, 8(3), 579-594. https://doi.org/10.37696/nkmj.776032
• Violant-Holz, V., Gallego-Jiménez, M. G., González-González, C. S., Muñoz-Violant, S., Rodríguez, M. J., Sansano-Nadal, O., & Guerra-Balic, M. (2020). Psychological health and physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249419
• World Health Organization. (2019). Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241514187
• Zach, S., Fernandez-Rio, J., Zeev, A., Ophir, M., & Eilat-Adar, S. (2021). Physical activity, resilience, emotions, moods, and weight control, during the COVID-19 global crisis. Israel Journal Of Health Policy Research, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-021-00473-x
• Zalewska, A., Gałczyk, M., Sobolewski, M., & Białokoz-Kalinowska, I. (2021). Depression as compared to level of physical activity and internet addiction among polish physiotherapy students during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910072
• Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Ma, X., & Di, Q. (2020). Mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemics and the mitigation effects of exercise: a longitudinal study of college students in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103722