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POLITICAL ISLAMISM IN THE OTTOMAN-TURKISH MODERNIZATION PROCESS: BEYOND CULTURALIST ANALYSIS AND ISLAMIC ASPECTS OF MODERNIZATION

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 206 - 230, 15.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.685455

Öz

This article attempts to explain the ideology of Islamism in relation to the socio-economic and political conditions of the nineteenth century Ottoman society. Analysis of Islamism through socio-economic and other social levels enables us to separate our evaluations of it from religious conservatism and makes it possible to evaluate it through more concrete social and political circumstances. The emergence of Islamism was not a renewal movement aimed at returning to the authentic tradition, but a response from the upset and impoverished Muslim people and intellectuals in the face of unsuccessful modernization attempts in the third world. Islamism was an inspiration for the Neo-Ottoman movement, which resisted modernization in the sense of westernization, but also tried to keep up with modernization. Established under the leadership of Namık Kemal, Ali Suavi, Ziya Pasha, the Neo-Ottoman movement sought a new form of power in the name of “hybrid” Islamic values during the nineteenth century without touching the dominant power relations of modernization.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Rabi, I. M. (1994). Islamic resurgence: Challenges, direction and future perspective. Pakistan: The World and Islam Studies Enterprise.
  • Abu-Rabi, I. M. (2000). Arabism, Islamism and the future of the Arab world. Arab Studies Quarterly, 22, 91-103.
  • Al-Azmeh, A. (1993). lslams and modernities. London: Verso.
  • Amin, S. (1990). Delinking towards a polycentric world. Oxford: Zedbook.
  • Berkes, N. (2002). Türkiye’de çağdaşlaşma. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Bogle, E. C. (1996). The modern middle east from imperialism to freedom 1800-1958. New Jersey: Prentice Hall inc.
  • Bozdoğan, S. ve Kasaba, R. (l997). Rethinking modernity and national identity in Turkey. Seattle: Washington press.
  • Bromley, S. (1994). Rethinking middle east politics. Cambridge: Polity press.
  • Burke, E. (1998). Orientalism and world history: Representing middle eastern nationalism and Islamism in the twentieth century. Theory and Society, 27(4), 489-507.
  • Çakır, R. (1997). Ayet ve slogan: Türkiye’de siyasi oluşumlar. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Çınar, M. (1998). The Republican character of Islamism from the perspective of the political. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Esposito, J. (1995). The Islamic threat: Myth or reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Euben, R. L. (1997). Observing Islamisms. Review of Politics, 59, 643-649.
  • Gülalp, H. (1990). Political Islam in Turkey: The rise and fall of the Refah Party. The Muslim World, 89, 22-41.
  • Gülalp, H. (1992). A Postmodern reaction to dependent modernization: The social and historical roots of Islamic radicalism. New perspectives on Turkey, 8, 15-26.
  • Gülalp, H. (1998). The Eurocentrism of dependency theory and the question of authenticity: view from Turkey. Third World Quarterly, 19, 18-31.
  • Haddad-Yvonne, Y. (1996). Islamist depictions of Christianity in the 20th century: The pluralism debate and depictions of other. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 7(l), 75-89.
  • Halliday, F. (1996). Islam and the myth of confrontation, religion and politics in the middle east. London: Tauris.
  • Intosh, M. (2001). Islamism: Political ideology and movement. Internationalist Perspective, http://internationalist-perspective.org/IP/ip-archive/ip_39_islamism.html
  • Karpat, K. (1972). The transformation of the Ottoman state 1789-1908. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 3, 243-281
  • Keddie, N. R. (1988). Ideology, society and the state in postcolonial Muslim society. F. Halliday ve H. Alawi (Ed.), State and ideology in the middle east and Pakistan. (1. baskı) içinde (s. 281-302). New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Keddie, N. R. (1994). The revolt of Islam, 1700 to 1993: Comparative consideration and relation to imperialism. Society and History, 36(3), 463-507.
  • Malik J. (1998). Making sense of Islamic fundamentalism. ISIM newsletter, 1, 27-37.
  • Mardin, Ş. (1962). The genesis of young Ottoman thought: A study in the modernisation of Turkish political ideas. New York: Princeton.
  • Mardin, Ş. (1983). Religion and politics in modem Turkey. J. P. Picatory (Ed.), Islam in the political process (1. baskı) içinde (s. 58-71). New York: Cambridge Press.
  • Mardin, Ş. (1997). Some thoughts on the Turkish contemporary social sciences. S. Bozdoğan ve R. Kasaba (Ed.) Rethinking modernity and national identity in Turkey. (s. 78-103). Seattle: Washington Press.
  • Mardin, Ş. (1998). Türk modernleşmesi. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Moten, A. R. (1996). Political science: An Islamic perspective. London: Macmillian.
  • Narfissi, M. R (1998). Refraining orientalism: Weber and Islam. Economy and society, 27(1), 97-118.
  • Ortaylı, İ. (1987). İmparatorluğun en uzun yüzyılı. İstanbul: Hil.
  • Rodinson, M. (1973). Islam and capitalism. New York: Pantheon.
  • Sabet, G. E. (2000). The end of fundamentalism. Third World Quarterly, 21, 891-903.
  • Sakallıoğlu, Ü. C. (1996). Parameters and strategies of Islam-state interaction in republican Turkey. International Middle East Studies, 28, 231-251.
  • Sayyid, B. S. (1997). A fundamental fear: Eurocentrism and the emergence of Islamism. London & New York: Zed Books.
  • Sayyid. B. S. (1998). Anti-essentialism and universalism. Innovation, 11(4), 377-389.
  • Shayegan, D. (1992). Cultural schizophrenia: Islamic societies confronting the west. London: Saqi Book.
  • Sivan, E. (1990). Radical Islam: Medieval theology and modern politics. New Heaven: Yale University Press.
  • Takeyh, R. (2001). Islamism: R.I.P. National interest, Bahar, 97-130.
  • Timur, T. (1994a). Türk devrimi ve sonrası. Ankara: İmge.
  • Timur, T. (l994b). Türkiye'de siyasal İslam olgusu, Marksizm ve gelecek, 2, 27-50.
  • Toprak, B. (1993). Islamist intellectuals: Revolt against industry and technology. M. Heper, A. Öncü ve H. Kramer (Ed.), Turkey and the west: Changing political and cultural identities (1. baskı) içinde (s. 237-257). London: LB. Tauris Co. Ltd.
  • Turner, B. S. (1984). Capitalism and class in the middle east. London: Hinemann Books.
  • Türköne, M. (1994). Siyasî ideoloji olarak İslamcılığın doğuşu. İstanbul: İletişim.

OSMANLI-TÜRK MODERNLEŞME SÜRECİNDE SİYASAL İSLAMCILIK İDEOLOJİSİ: KÜLTÜRELCİ ANALİZLERİN ÖTESİ VE MODERNLEŞMENİN İSLAMCI YÜZLERİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 206 - 230, 15.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.685455

Öz

Bu makale, İslamcılık ideolojisini 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunun sosyo-ekonomik ve politik koşulları ile ilişkilendirerek açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. İslamcılığın sosyo-ekonomik ve diğer toplumsal düzeyler açısından analizi, İslamcılığı, mutlak bir dindar muhafazakârlık, köktencilik (fundamentalizm) ve irtica gibi kategorilerin ötesinde, daha somut toplumsal ve siyasal koşullar üzerinden değerlendirmeyi mümkün kılar. İslamcılığın doğuşu, otantik geleneğe dönmeyi amaçlayan bir yenilenme hareketi değil, üçüncü dünyadaki başarısız modernleşme girişimleri karşısında alt-üst olan ve yoksullaşan Müslüman insanların ve entelektüellerin verdiği bir yanıttı. İslamcılık, hem belirli bir tip modernleşmeye yani batılılaşmaya karşı olan; bu anlamda modernleşmeye direnen, hem de modernleşmeye ayak uydurmaya çalışan Yeni-Osmanlı hareketine ilham vermiştir. Namık Kemal, Ali Suavi, Ziya Paşa’nın öncülüğünde kurulmuş olan Yeni-Osmanlı hareketi, on dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca modernleşmenin hâkim iktidar ilişkilerine dokunmaksızın, “melez” İslami değerler adına yeni bir iktidar şekli aradı. İslamcılığı politik söylemlerden daha çok onu adeta geleneksel İslam olarak değerlendiren bazı indirgemeci yaklaşımların eleştirel olarak analiz edilmesi önemli bir ihtiyaç olarak karşımızda durmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Rabi, I. M. (1994). Islamic resurgence: Challenges, direction and future perspective. Pakistan: The World and Islam Studies Enterprise.
  • Abu-Rabi, I. M. (2000). Arabism, Islamism and the future of the Arab world. Arab Studies Quarterly, 22, 91-103.
  • Al-Azmeh, A. (1993). lslams and modernities. London: Verso.
  • Amin, S. (1990). Delinking towards a polycentric world. Oxford: Zedbook.
  • Berkes, N. (2002). Türkiye’de çağdaşlaşma. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Bogle, E. C. (1996). The modern middle east from imperialism to freedom 1800-1958. New Jersey: Prentice Hall inc.
  • Bozdoğan, S. ve Kasaba, R. (l997). Rethinking modernity and national identity in Turkey. Seattle: Washington press.
  • Bromley, S. (1994). Rethinking middle east politics. Cambridge: Polity press.
  • Burke, E. (1998). Orientalism and world history: Representing middle eastern nationalism and Islamism in the twentieth century. Theory and Society, 27(4), 489-507.
  • Çakır, R. (1997). Ayet ve slogan: Türkiye’de siyasi oluşumlar. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Çınar, M. (1998). The Republican character of Islamism from the perspective of the political. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Esposito, J. (1995). The Islamic threat: Myth or reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Euben, R. L. (1997). Observing Islamisms. Review of Politics, 59, 643-649.
  • Gülalp, H. (1990). Political Islam in Turkey: The rise and fall of the Refah Party. The Muslim World, 89, 22-41.
  • Gülalp, H. (1992). A Postmodern reaction to dependent modernization: The social and historical roots of Islamic radicalism. New perspectives on Turkey, 8, 15-26.
  • Gülalp, H. (1998). The Eurocentrism of dependency theory and the question of authenticity: view from Turkey. Third World Quarterly, 19, 18-31.
  • Haddad-Yvonne, Y. (1996). Islamist depictions of Christianity in the 20th century: The pluralism debate and depictions of other. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 7(l), 75-89.
  • Halliday, F. (1996). Islam and the myth of confrontation, religion and politics in the middle east. London: Tauris.
  • Intosh, M. (2001). Islamism: Political ideology and movement. Internationalist Perspective, http://internationalist-perspective.org/IP/ip-archive/ip_39_islamism.html
  • Karpat, K. (1972). The transformation of the Ottoman state 1789-1908. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 3, 243-281
  • Keddie, N. R. (1988). Ideology, society and the state in postcolonial Muslim society. F. Halliday ve H. Alawi (Ed.), State and ideology in the middle east and Pakistan. (1. baskı) içinde (s. 281-302). New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Keddie, N. R. (1994). The revolt of Islam, 1700 to 1993: Comparative consideration and relation to imperialism. Society and History, 36(3), 463-507.
  • Malik J. (1998). Making sense of Islamic fundamentalism. ISIM newsletter, 1, 27-37.
  • Mardin, Ş. (1962). The genesis of young Ottoman thought: A study in the modernisation of Turkish political ideas. New York: Princeton.
  • Mardin, Ş. (1983). Religion and politics in modem Turkey. J. P. Picatory (Ed.), Islam in the political process (1. baskı) içinde (s. 58-71). New York: Cambridge Press.
  • Mardin, Ş. (1997). Some thoughts on the Turkish contemporary social sciences. S. Bozdoğan ve R. Kasaba (Ed.) Rethinking modernity and national identity in Turkey. (s. 78-103). Seattle: Washington Press.
  • Mardin, Ş. (1998). Türk modernleşmesi. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Moten, A. R. (1996). Political science: An Islamic perspective. London: Macmillian.
  • Narfissi, M. R (1998). Refraining orientalism: Weber and Islam. Economy and society, 27(1), 97-118.
  • Ortaylı, İ. (1987). İmparatorluğun en uzun yüzyılı. İstanbul: Hil.
  • Rodinson, M. (1973). Islam and capitalism. New York: Pantheon.
  • Sabet, G. E. (2000). The end of fundamentalism. Third World Quarterly, 21, 891-903.
  • Sakallıoğlu, Ü. C. (1996). Parameters and strategies of Islam-state interaction in republican Turkey. International Middle East Studies, 28, 231-251.
  • Sayyid, B. S. (1997). A fundamental fear: Eurocentrism and the emergence of Islamism. London & New York: Zed Books.
  • Sayyid. B. S. (1998). Anti-essentialism and universalism. Innovation, 11(4), 377-389.
  • Shayegan, D. (1992). Cultural schizophrenia: Islamic societies confronting the west. London: Saqi Book.
  • Sivan, E. (1990). Radical Islam: Medieval theology and modern politics. New Heaven: Yale University Press.
  • Takeyh, R. (2001). Islamism: R.I.P. National interest, Bahar, 97-130.
  • Timur, T. (1994a). Türk devrimi ve sonrası. Ankara: İmge.
  • Timur, T. (l994b). Türkiye'de siyasal İslam olgusu, Marksizm ve gelecek, 2, 27-50.
  • Toprak, B. (1993). Islamist intellectuals: Revolt against industry and technology. M. Heper, A. Öncü ve H. Kramer (Ed.), Turkey and the west: Changing political and cultural identities (1. baskı) içinde (s. 237-257). London: LB. Tauris Co. Ltd.
  • Turner, B. S. (1984). Capitalism and class in the middle east. London: Hinemann Books.
  • Türköne, M. (1994). Siyasî ideoloji olarak İslamcılığın doğuşu. İstanbul: İletişim.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Tüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Fuat Güllüpınar 0000-0003-3661-7232

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16

Kaynak Göster

APA Güllüpınar, F. (2020). OSMANLI-TÜRK MODERNLEŞME SÜRECİNDE SİYASAL İSLAMCILIK İDEOLOJİSİ: KÜLTÜRELCİ ANALİZLERİN ÖTESİ VE MODERNLEŞMENİN İSLAMCI YÜZLERİ. HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(16), 206-230. https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.685455