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Okul Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Programları: Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri Açısından Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3, 613 - 626, 31.07.2020

Öz

21. yy. ile gelen Endüstri 4.0 gibi değişim ve gelişmeler karşısında, gençleri kariyerlerine ve iş dünyasına hazırlamada okul psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik servislerinin rolü ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda okul psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik programlarının, kariyer uyum yetenekleri gibi çağın gereklerine yanıt verebilecek becerileri kazandırmaya yönelik içerikler sunması proaktif bir adım olacaktır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada okul psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik servisi yıllık programlarının kariyer uyum yeteneklerine yönelik çalışma ve uygulamalar içerip içermemesi açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemi aracılığıyla Gaziantep ilinin farklı ilçelerinden farklı okul türleri olacak şekilde belirlenen sekiz program çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Kariyer Yapılandırma Kuramı doğrultusunda oluşturulan kod listesi kullanılarak, Maxqda 12 programı ile yıllık programlar içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgulara göre programlar özellikle kendini ve meslekleri keşfetme göstergeleri ile en çok Merak boyutuna (n=265, %58) yönelik içerik sunmuştur. Bunu, öne çıkan geleceğe hazırlanma ve yönelme alt temaları ile İlgi (n=161, %35) boyutu izlemiştir. Güven (n=29, %6) özellikle problem çözme göstergesi ile üçüncü sırada gözlemlenirken, programlarda Kontrol (n=3, %1) boyutuna yönelik çalışmalar neredeyse tespit edilememiştir. Bu bulgular, okul psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik programlarının 21. yy. gerekleri doğrultusunda kariyer uyum yeteneklerini; özellikle de karar verme, süreklilik, otonomi ve kendine güven gibi becerileri içerecek şekilde güncellenmesine duyulan ihtiyaca işaret etmiştir.

Kaynakça

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School Counseling and Guidance Programs: Examination of Career Adaptabilities

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3, 613 - 626, 31.07.2020

Öz

The role of school counseling has become prominent in supporting the youth for their future career and the business world, according to the requirements of 21st century and its emerging challenges such as Industry 4.0. Along with this, it will be a proactive attempt if school counseling curriculums aim to support some crucial competencies like career adaptability in responding the requirements of our era. This study examined annual school counseling programs to assess whether they include interventions enhancing career adaptability of students. By using maximum variation sampling, eight high schools that represented different school types and districts of Gaziantep were selected. Using a coding schema based on Career Construction Theory, the programs were analyzed via a computer-assisted program of Maxqda 12. The results revealed that the programs mostly included the interventions regarding Curiosity (n=265, %58), especially for self and occupational exploration. Next, Concern (n=161, %35) including preparing for future and orientation to future, Confidence (n=29, %6) including problem solving were observed, consecutively. However, Control (n=3, %1) and its descriptors were almost absent in the programs. The findings implied that school counseling programs should be enriched to promote the 21st skills, especially for decidedness, the sense of control over career future, persistence, autonomy and confidence, in order to support the youth in constructing their careers.

Kaynakça

  • Akkök, F., & Watts, A. G. (2003). Public policies and career development: A framework for the design of career information, guidance and counseling services in developing and transition countries. Country reports on Turkey, World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLL/Resources/Public-Policies-and-Career-Development-Policy/Turkey_report.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ananiadou, K., & Claro, M. (2009). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/218525261154
  • American School Counselor Association. (2012). ASCA national model: A framework for school counseling. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • Baudouin, R., Bezanson, L., Borgen, B., Goyer, L., Hiebert, B., Lalande, V., ... & Turcotte, M. (2007). Demonstrating value: A draft framework for evaluating the effectiveness of career development ınterventions pages. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 41(3), 146-157.
  • Benešová, A., & Tupa, J. (2017). Requirements for education and qualification of people in Industry 4.0. Procedia Manufacturing, 11, 2195-2202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.366
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  • Bowker, L. (2004). What does it take to work in the translation profession in Canada in the 21st century?: Exploring a database of job advertisements. Meta, 49(4), 960-972. https://doi.org/ 10.7202/009804ar
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  • Kars, V., Arslan, N., Erik, L., Avcı, N., Bucaktepe, G. P., Celepkolu, T., & Şahin, H.A. (2014). Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin meslek seçiminde karşılaştığı sorunlar ve bu sorunların anksiyete ve depresyonla ilişkisi. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 41(1), 187-190.
  • Koen, J., Klehe, U. C., Van Vianen, A. E., Zikic, J., & Nauta, A. (2010). Job-search strategies and reemployment quality: The impact of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 126-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.004
  • Korkut-Owen, F. (2008). Meslek seçimi, önemi ve meslek seçimini etkileyen etmenler. R. Özyürek (Ed.). Kariyer Yolculuğu (s. 11-46). Ankara: Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği.
  • Mau, W. C. (2000). Cultural differences in career decision-making styles and self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57(3), 365-378. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1745
  • Mesleki Yeterlik Kurumu; MYK (2017). Ulusal meslek standardı, okul psikolojik danışmanı [National Occupational Standards, School Counselor]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 30227.
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  • Nassar, S., Al-Qimlass, A., Karacan-Ozdemir, N., & Tovar, L. (2019). Considerations for career intervention services in global youth workforce development: consensus across policy, research, and practice. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-019-0080-4
  • Negru-Subtirica, O., Pop, E. I., & Crocetti, E. (2015). Developmental trajectories and reciprocal associations between career adaptability and vocational identity: A three- wave longitudinal study with adolescents. Journal of vocational behavior, 88, 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.004
  • Nilforooshan, P., & Salimi, S. (2016). Career adaptability as a mediator between personality and career engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.010
  • Nota, L., Ferrari, L., Solberg, V. S. H., & Soresi, S. (2007). Career search self-efficacy, family support, and career indecision with Italian youth. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(2), 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072706298019
  • OECD. (2003). Career guidance: New ways forward. In Education policy analysis (pp. 39-57). http://www.oecd.org/edu/innovation-education/19975192.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Özgeyikli, H. (2005). Mesleki grup rehberliğinin ilköğretim 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin meslek kararı vermede kendilerini yetkin görme düzeylerine etkisi (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
  • Öztemel, K. (2012). Kariyer kararsızlığı ile mesleki karar verme öz yetkinlik ve kontrol odağı arasındaki ilişkiler. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32, 459 477.
  • Patton, M. (2015). Qualitative evaluation and research methods: Integrating theory and practice (pp. 169-186). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Polat, F. B., Ardıç, K., ve Özdemir, Y. (2016). Bireysel kariyer planlamada etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma: Sakarya devlet okulları örneği. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi (JOBS), 4(1), 29-65. https://doi.org/10.22139/ibd.13907.
  • Porfeli, E. J., & Savickas, M. L. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-USA Form: Psychometric Properties and Relation to Vocational Identity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 748-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.009
  • Rubio, D. M., Robinson, G. F., Gabrilove, J., & Meagher, E. A. (2017). Creating effective career development programs. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 1(2), 83-87.
  • Rudolph, C. W., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Career adaptability: A meta-analysis of relationships with measures of adaptivity, adapting responses, and adaptation results. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 98, 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.09.002
  • Sağlam, A. Ç., ve Topçu, Ç. (2015). 9. sınıf rehberlik programının öğrenci görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 171-210.
  • Sarı, S. V., ve Şahin, M. (2013). Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin mesleğe karar verme öz-yeterliliklerini yordamada umut ve kontrol odağının rolü. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 21(1), 97-110.
  • Savickas, M. L. (1989). Career-style assessment and counseling. T. Sweeney (Ed.), Adlerian counseling: A practical approach for a new decade içinde (3. basım, ss. 289–320). Muncie, IN: Accelerated Development Press.
  • Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life‐span, life‐space theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1997.tb00469.x
  • Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. R. W. Lent, & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work içinde (ss. 42-70). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, USA.
  • Savickas, M. L. (2011). Constructing careers: Actor, agent, and author. Journal of Employment Counseling, 48(4), 179-181. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2011.tb01109.x
  • Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. R. W. Lent, & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work içinde (2. basım, ss. 144-180). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
  • Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2011). Revision of the career maturity inventory: The adaptability form. Journal of Career Assessment, 19(4), 355-374. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711409342
  • Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, Reliability, and Measurement Equivalence across 13 Countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 744-747 (this issue). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.011
  • Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J. P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., Esbroeck, R. V., & Vianen A. E. M. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for Career Construction in the 21st Century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239-250. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004.
  • Shamim, S., Cang, S., Yu, H., & Li, Y. (2016). Management approaches for Industry 4.0: A human resource management perspective. 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Vancouver, BC. 5309-5316. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/CEC.2016.7748365
  • Soresi, S., Nota, L., & Ferrari, L. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Italian Form: Psychometric properties and relationships to breadth of interests, quality of life, and perceived barriers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 705-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.020
  • Sürücü, M. (2005). Lise öğrencilerinin mesleki olgunluk ve algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeylerinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Şeker, G. (2013). Lise öğrencilerinde meslek kararı verme yetkinliği ve kariyer denetim odağının incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Teichler, U. (1999). Research on the relationships between higher education and the world of work: Past achievements, problems and new challenges. Higher Education, 38(2), 169-190.
  • Tolentino, L. R., Garcia, P. R. J. M., Lu, V. N., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Plewa, C. (2014). Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.11.004
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  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2017c). Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Gelişmişlik Endeksi. www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do;jsessionid...595353027?istab_id=9005
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2018a). KOF Küreselleşme Endeksi. www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do;jsessionid...?istab_id=9027
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2018b). İşgücü İstatistikleri, Mayıs 2018. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=27689
  • Ulaş, Ö., ve Yıldırım, İ. (2015). Lise öğrencilerinde mesleki olgunluğun yordayıcıları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 151-165.
  • Ültanır, E. (2012). The factors affecting career guidance and current status of career guidance services in Turkey. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 48, 136.
  • Watts, A. G. (2006). Career development learning and employability. The Higher Education Academy. https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/esect_career_development_learning_and_employability.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Wilkins, K. G., Santilli, S., Ferrari, L., Nota, L., Tracey, T. J., & Soresi, S. (2014). The relationship among positive emotional dispositions, career adaptability, and satisfaction in Italian high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 329-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.004
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2012). The paradigm shift of vocational guidance and career counseling and its ımplications for Turkey: An evaluation from past to future. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(1), 97-118.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2016). 21.yüzyılda eğitimde rehberlik hizmetleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2017). Career counselling services in Turkey: Building on the past and constructing the future. R. Sultana (Ed.), Career guidance and livelihood planning across the Mediterranean içinde (pp. 267-282). The Netherlands: Sense Publisher.
  • Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. (10. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nurten Karacan Özdemir 0000-0002-2909-6857

Ahmet Ayaz 0000-0002-4081-2033

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Karacan Özdemir, N., & Ayaz, A. (2020). Okul Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Programları: Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri Açısından Bir İnceleme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(3), 613-626.