THE PROFILE of TURKISH CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS in GERMANY based on SOME INTERNAL FACTORS: A RESEARCH on TURKISH ORGANISATIONS OPERATING in FEDERAL STATE BAVARIA

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3, 107 - 140, 27.09.2018

Elif Kocagöz

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.307092

Cited By: 1

Öz

Turkish society
in Germany, has established several civil society organisations (CSO) spreaded
to almost all regions of the country, and has built an active sivil society
life in more than 50 years. Recent agendas of Germany and Turkey have brought
Turkish society and its organisations into a much more important position
compared to past. Nevertheless, any field research intending to comprehensively
profile Turkish  CSOs in Germany or in
any of its states, is not visible in the literature. The aim of this
study is to profile Turkish organisations operating in Federal State Bavaria
based on some internal factors. Qualitative and quantitative research methods
that included in‐depth interviews and questionnaire distribution were
used.  96 CSOs, having 13.049 registered
members, and generating 2447 activities on a yearly basis, have participated in
this research. Most of them are established before the year 2000 and half of
them are a member of a roof  organisation. Top three most frequently performed activities
by these organisations are; representation activities-contacting with institutions,
internal meetings with members, and organizing activities such as conferences,
respectively. Based on findings, several areas that need improvement at
internal environment were found.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nonprofits Management, Turkish Civil Society Organisations, Turkish Society, Germany, Bavaria.

ALMANYA’DAKİ TÜRK SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞLARININ BAZI İÇ ÇEVRE FAKTÖRLERİ AÇISINDAN GÖRÜNÜMÜ: BAVYERA EYALETİNDEKİ TÜRK DERNEKLERİ ARAŞTIRMASI

Öz

Almanya’da
yaşayan Türk toplumu, 50 yılı aşan bir zaman içerisinde Almanya’nın neredeyse her
bölgesine yayılmış dernekler kurarak, aktif bir sivil toplum hayatı inşaa
etmiştir. Gerek Almanya’daki gerekse Türkiye’deki mevcut gündemler,
Almanya’daki Türk toplumunu ve derneklerini geçmiş dönemlere kıyasla çok daha
önemli bir pozisyona getirmiştir. Buna rağmen literatürde hem Almanya genelinde
hem de eyaletler bazında Türk derneklerinin profillerini detaylı bir şekilde ortaya
koyan herhangi bir saha araştırmasıyla karşılaşılmamaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Almanya’nın Bavyera eyaletinde faaliyette bulunan Türk derneklerinin
görünümlerini bazı iç faktörler itibariyle ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, konunun
uzmanlarıyla mülakatlar ve dernek temsilcileriyle anket şeklinde kalitatif ve
kantitatif araştırma teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Ankete, kayıtlı üye sayıları
toplamı 13.049 ve çoğunluğu 2000 yılı öncesinde kurulmuş olan, yıl bazında
toplam 2447 faaliyet üreten 96 dernek katılmış olup, derneklerin yarısı bir
başka çatı kuruluşa üyedir. Araştırmaya katılan derneklerce en sık yapılan
faaliyetler olarak kurumlarla görüşmeler ve temsil faaliyetleri, üyelere
yönelik iç toplantılar, ve konferans, söyleşi, vb. etkinlikler ifade
edilmiştir. Bulgular incelendiğinde derneklerin iç yapılarında
iyileştirilmelerin gerektiği çeşitli alanlarla karşılaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kar Amaçsız Kuruluşlarda Yönetim, Türk Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları, Türk Toplumu, Almanya

Kaynakça

• Adıgüzel, Y. (2011), Yeni Vatanda Dini ve İdeolojik Yapılanma: Almanya`daki Türk Kuruluşları, İstanbul: Şehir Yayınları.
• Amelina, A., T. Faist (2008), “Turkish Migrant Associations in Germany: Between Integration Pressure and Transnational Linkages”, Revue européenne des migrations internationales, 24(2): 91-120.
• Andreasen, A. R., P. Kotler (2008), Strategic Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations, 7th edn, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
• Atilgan, C. (nd), “Türkische politische Organisationen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, kommunalpolitik”, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_3521-544-1-30.pdf?070110192608, E.T.: 13.01.2017.
• Aydin, Y. (2014), “The new Turkish diaspora policy: its aims, their limits and the challenges for associations of people of Turkish origin and decision-makers in Germany”, Research Paper, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Berlin, http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/41070/ssoar-2014-aydin-The_new_Turkish_diaspora_policy.pdf?sequence=1, E.T.: 15.01.2017.
• BMFI Bundesregierung für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration (2011), “Migranten(dach)organisationen in Deutschland”, http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/_Anlagen/IB/2012-04-25-migrantenorganisationen-in-deutschland.pdf?__blob=publicationFile, E.T.: 12.02.2017
• Cetinkaya, H. (2000), “Türkische Selbstorganisationen in Deutschland: neuer Pragmatismus nach der ideologischen Selbstzerfleischung”, in Thränhardt, D. and
• Hunger, U. (ed.s.): Einwanderer-Netzwerke und ihre Integrationsqualität in Deutschland und Israel, Münster: Lit Verlag.
• Chalhoub, M. S. (2009), "The Effect of Management Practices on Corporate Performance: An Empirical Study of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Middle East", International Journal of Management 26(1), 51-73.
• Dartan, M. (2012), “Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne Üyelik Sürecinde Almanya’daki Türk Lobi Gücünün Rolü”, Marmara Journal of European Studies, No: 2: 141-161.
• Destatis, Statistisches Bundesamt (2015), “Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit: Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund, Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2014”, Fachserie 1 Reihe 2.2, https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/Bevoelkerung/MigrationIntegration/Migrationshintergrund2010220147004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile, E.T.: 06.01.2017.
• Frogner, E. (1985), “On Ethnic Sport Among Turkish Migrants in the Federal Republic of Germany”, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 20(1-2): 75-86.
• Halm, D., M. Sauer (2007), Bürgerschaftliches Engagement von Türkinnen und Türken in Deutschland, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
• Halm, D., M. Sauer (2004), “Freiwilliges Engagement von Türkinnen und Türken in Deutschland”, Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik, H(11-12): 416–424.
• Huhn, D., S. Metzger (2013), “Ethnizität, Identität und Sport. Das Selbstverständnis von Fußballvereinen mit Türkeibezug im Ruhrgebiet und in Berlin”, in Schultze G. and Thränhardt, D. (ed.s), Migrantenorganisationen. Engagement, Transnationalität und Integration, Bonn: FES, 55-64.
• Huhn, D., H. Kunstreich, S. Metzger (2014), “Gründungsmotive türkisch geprägter Fußballvereine” In: Hunger, U., Pioch, R. and Rother, S. (ed.s), Migrations- und Integrationspolitik im europäischen Vergleich, Berlin: Lit Verlag.
• Kinyua-Njuguna, J. W., J. Munyoki, F. Kibera, (2014), “Influence of Internal Organization Alenvironment on Performance of Community-based HIV and AIDS organizations in Nairobi County”, European Scientific Journal, 10(1), 285-300.
• Kleindienst-Cachay, C. (2005), “Kann Sport die Integration türkischmuslimischer Mädchen in die Gesellschaft fördern?“, in Deutscher Sportbund (ed.): Diskussionforum „Integration von Mädchen und Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund im und durch den Sport, Frankfurt am Main: Eigendruck, 25–56.
• Klöckner, J. (2015), Freiwillige Arbeit in gemeinnützigen Vereinen. Eine vergleichende Studie von Wohlfahrts- und Migrantenorganisationen, Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
• Koç, A. (2012), “Yurtdışında Yaşayan Türk Diasporasının Lobicilik Potansiyeli: Avustralya Örneği”, Uzmanlık Tezi, T.C. Başbakanlık Yurtdışı Türkler Ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı, Ankara.
• Küçükhüseyin, Ş. (2002), “Türkische politische Organisationen in Deutschland”, Zukunftsforum Politik, Broschürenreihe Nr. 45, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Sankt Augustin, http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_855-1522-1-30.pdf?070110192650, E.T.: 12.03.2017.
• Lemmen, T. (2000), Islamische Organisationen in Deutschland, Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
• Meyer, C. (2006), Die Transnationalität türkischer Migrantenorganisationen, München: GRIN Verlag.
• Öner, S. (2015), “The role of Turkish community organisations in Berlin: Their role in Turkey-Germany and Turkey-European Union relations”, in Sirkeci İ., Elçin, D. and Şeker G. (ed.s), Politics and Law in Turkish Migration, London: Transnational Press London, 155-169.
• Öner, S. (2014), “Turkish community in germany and the role of turkish community organisations”, European Scientific Journal, 10(29): 72-88.
• Özcan, E. (1989), Türkische Immigrantenorganisationen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: die Entwicklung politischer Organisationen und politischer Orientierung unter türkischen Arbeitsimmigranten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Berlin West, Berlin: Hitit.
• Packard, T. (2010), "Staff Perceptions of Variables Affecting Performance in Human Service Organizations", Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, December, 39(6), 971-990.
• Prugsamatz, R. (2010), "Factors that influence organization learning sustainability in non‐profit organizations", The Learning Organization, 17(3), 243-267.
• REMID Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e. V. (nd), “Mitgliederzahl: Islam”, https://remid.de/info_zahlen/islam/, E.T.: 21.03.2017.
• Sezgin, Z. (2008), “Turkish Migrants' Organizations: Promoting Tolerance toward the Diversity of Turkish Migrants in Germany”, International Journal of Sociology, 38(2): 78-95.
• Stahl, S. (2013), “Türkische Sportvereine in Deutschland als Kristallisationspunkte transnationaler Netzwerke und Identitäten”, In Pusch, B. (ed.), Transnationale Migration am Beispiel Deutschland und Türkei. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 215-233.
• STGM Sivil Toplum Geliştirme Merkezi (2005), “Haritalama Çalışması, Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları: İhtiyaçlar ve Sınırlılıklar”, Araştırma Raporu, http://panel.stgm.org.tr/vera/app/var/files/s/t/stgm-haritalama-calismasi-yada-ekim2005.pdf, E.T.: 21.03.2017.
• TAM Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi Vakfı (2005) “Freiwilliges Engagement von Türkinnen und Türken in Deutschland”, Projekt der Stiftung Zentrum für Türkeistudien im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, http://www.ufuq.de/wp-content/uploads/2005/03/gesamtdownload,property=pdf,bereich=engagementtuerkisch,sprache=de,rwb=true.pdf, E.T.: 06.02.2017.
• TGMN Türkische Gemeinde in der Metropol Region Nürnberg (2009) “TGMN auf der Weltkonferenz der Vereinten Nationen gegen Rassismus und Fremdenfeindlichkeit”, http://www.tgmn.de/index.php?module=Pagesetter&func=viewpub&tid=27&pid=31, E.T.: 18.01.2017.
• Thränhardt, D. (2013), “Migrantenorganisationen. Engagement, Transnationalität und Integration”, in Schultze G. and Thränhardt, D. (ed.s), Migrantenorganisationen. Engagement, Transnationalität und Integration, Bonn: FES.
• Vermeulen, F. (2006), “The Immigrant Organising Process: Turkish Organisations in Amsterdam and Berlin and Surinamese Organisations in Amsterdam, 1960-2000”, IMISCOE Dissertations, Amsterdam University Press.
• von Rosenbladt, B. (2000), Freiwilliges Engagement in Deutschland. Ergebnisse der Repräsentativerhebung 1999 zu Ehrenamt, Freiwilligen arbeit und bürgerschaftlichem Engagement. Band 1: Gesamtbericht. http://www.dza.de/fileadmin/dza/pdf/fws/BMFSFJ_2001_FWS-Gesamtbericht_1999.pdf, E.T.: 23.03.2017.
• YTB T.C. Başbakanlık Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı (nd), Almanya Ülke Detay, https://www.ytb.gov.tr/ulke_detay.php?detay=1, E.T.: 07.01.2017.
• Yurdakul, G. (2009), From Guest Workers into Muslims: The Transformation of Turkish Immigrant Associations in Germany, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars.
• Yurdakul, G. (2006), “State, Political Parties and Immigrant Elites: Turkish Immigrant Associations in Berlin”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32(3): 435-453.
• Yükleyen, A., G. Yurdakul (2011), “Islamic Activism and Immigrant Integration: Turkish Organizations in Germany”, Immigrants & Minorities: Historical Studies in Ethnicity, Migration and Diaspora,, 29(1): 64-85.
• ZiviZ (2012), “Zivilgesellschaft Verstehen, Zivilgesellschaft in Zahlen”, http://www.ziviz.info/fileadmin/download/ziviz_survey2012.pdf, E.T.: 07.01.2017.