Noise Trading in Borsa Istanbul: Measuring the Noise Effect on Returns by Egarch-M Model
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 40 Sayı: 4, 721 - 741, 27.12.2022
Serdar Bahar
,
Erdinç Altay
Öz
In the literature it is a common view that the noise trading, which can be defined as non-informative transactions which are not based on new information has distorting effects on the prices of financial assets and creates noise trading risk in the market. The presence of noise and its effect on asset prices are tried to be measured by using quite different methods. In this study, the noise and information effects on the BIST-100 index returns are estimated in the period of 20.04.2000-17.09.2021 by employing an EGARCH-M model, which is an approach suitable for the heteroscedasticity, leptocurtic distribution and asymmetric reaction to information. EGARCH-M method enables the measurement of noise in Borsa Istanbul and the change of noise risk over time by avoiding the disadvantages of alternative noise measurement approaches. The findings show that the effect of the information on BIST-100 index volatility presents asymmetric characteristics. According to the evidence, the effect of negative information is higher than the effect of positive information. The results show that noise has increasing effect on BIST-100 index returns while information has decreasing effect, but we can conclude that the effects of noise and information are unpredictable because both effects are statistically insignificant.
Kaynakça
- Abbasian, E., & Farzanegan, E. (2011). Tehran stock exchange bubbles and noise traders behavior. Journal of Economic Research, 46(3), 133-153.
- Abbasian, E., Farzanegan. E., & Nasiroleslami, E. (2016). Price bubble anomalies in Tehran stock exchange: Limits to arbitrage approach. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies, 23(76), 75-92. http://qjerp.ir/article-1-976-en.html
- Akel, V. (2011). Kriz Dönemlerinde Finansal Piyasalar Arasındaki Volatilite Yayılma Etkisi, Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
- Baklacı, H., Olgun, O., & Can, E. (2011). Noise traders: A new approach to understand the phantom of stock markets. Applied Economic Letters, 18, 1028-1045, https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2010.522513
Barber, B. M., Odean, T., & Zhu, N. (2005). Do noise traders move market. EFA 2006 Zurich Meetings Paper, 1-38.
- Barber, B., & Odean, T. (2008). All that glitters: The effect of attention and news on the buying behavior of individual and institutional investors. The Review of Financial Studies, 21, 785-818. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhm079
- Barber, B., Odean T., & Zhu, N. (2009). Systematic noise. Journal of Financial Markets, 12, 547-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2009.03.003
- Black, F. (1986). Noise. Journal of Finance, 41(3), 529-543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1986.tb04513.x
- Bender, J., Carol, O., & David, S. (2013). Noise trading and illusory correlation in US equity market. Review of Finance, 17, 630,649. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfr037
- Bilir, H. (2018). Piyasalar rasyonel mi? Etkin piyasalar hipotezi ve piyasa anomalileri. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(16), 1362-1374.
Bloomfield, R., Maureen, O., & Saar, G. (2009). How noise trading affects markets: An experimental analysis. The Review of Financial Studies, 22(6), 2275-2302. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn102
- Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 36, 307-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1
- Brown, G. W., & Cliff, M. T. (2004). Investor sentiment and the near-term stock market. Journal of Empirical Finance, 11, 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2002.12.001
- Campbell, J. Y., &Kyle, A. S. (1993). Smart money, noise trading and stock price behaviour. The Review of Economic Studies, 60, 1–34.
- Chen, A. L., Chen, H., & Shun, W. C. (2002). The underpricing and excess returns of initial public offerings based on the noisy trading: A stochastic frontier model. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 18, 139-159. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014565018160
- Chung, S. L., Hung, C. H., & Yeh, C. Y. (2012). When does investor sentiment predict stock return. Journal of Empirical Finance, 19, 217-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2012.01.002
- Cuong, P. K., Bich, N. T. T., Thanh, C. B., & Quynh, C. V. T. (2019). Noise trader risk: Evidence from Vietnam stock market. Hue University of Journal Finance, 28, 5-16. https://doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jed.v128i5C.5083
- De Long, B., Andrei, S., Lawrence S., & Robert, W. (1990). Noise trader risk in financial markets. Journal of Political Economy, 98(4), 703-738. https://doi.org/10.1086/261703
- De Long, B. (2005). Financial markets, noise traders, and fundamental risk: Background memo. UC Berkeley and NBER Working Paper, 1-27.
- Derren, F. (2005). IPO pricing in ‘hot’ market conditions: Who leaves money on the table. The Journal of Finance, 60 (1), 487-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00736.x
- Ding, D. (2011). Modeling of market volatility with APARCH model. Uppsala Universitet U.U.D.M. Project Report, 1-50.
- Engle, R. (1982). Autorregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of United Kingdom inflation. Econometrica, 50, 987-1008. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912773
- Enders, W. (2015). Applied Econometric Time Series, 4.Baskı, USA, Wiley&Sons.
- Ergün, T., Yusuf,G., & Bünyamin, E. (2017). Halka arz olan firmaların hisse senedi fiyatlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerin karşılaştırmalı analizi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 18, 157-166.
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ulikidince/issue/26590/279895
- Fama, E. (1965). Behavior of stock market prices. Journal of Business, 38(1), 34-105. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2350752
- Fama, E. (1970). Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. Journal of Finance, 25(2), 383-417. https://doi.org/10.2307/2325486
- Feng, J., Lin, D., & Yan, X. (2014). Research on measure of noise trading in stock market based on EGARCH-M model. 2nd International Conference on Information, Electronics and Computer, 101-107. https://doi.org/10.2991/icieac-14.2014.23
- Frazzini, A., & Lamont, O. (2005). Dumb money: Mutual fund flows and the cross-section of stock returns. NBER Working Paper.
- Friedman, M. (1953). Essays in Positive Economics. University of Chicago Press, 1.Basım.
- Hepsağ, A. (2013). Çok değişkenli stokastik oynaklık modelleri: Petrol piyasası ile finansal piyasalarda işlem gören sanayi sektörü endeksi arasındaki oynaklık etkileşimi üzerinde bir uygulama, Doktora Tezi, T.C İstanbul Üniversitesi sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1-230.
- Ju, X.K. (2014). Comparison and analysis of CAPM and BAPM models, International Conference of Mechatronics, Electronics, Industrial and Control Engineer, 62-65. https://doi.org/10.2991/meic-14.2014.15
- Kumar, A., & Lee, C. (2006). Retail investor sentiment and return comovements. Journal of Finance, 61(5), 2451-2486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01063.x
- Laopodis, N. (2008). Noise trading and autocorrelation interactions in the foreign exchange market: Evidence from developed and emerging economies. Journal of Economics and Finance, 32(3), 271-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-007-9018-y
- Mazıbaş, M. (2005). İMKB piyasalarındaki volatilitenin modellenmesi ve öngörülmesi: Asimetrik GARCH modelleri ile bir uygulama. VII. Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, 1-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3008971
- Nofsinger, J. R., & Sias, R. W. (1999). Herding and feedback trading by ınstitutional and ındividual ınvestors. The Journal of Finance, 54(6), 2263-2295. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00188
BORSA İSTANBUL’DA GÜRÜLTÜYE DAYALI İŞLEM: EGARCH-M MODELİ İLE GETİRİ ORANLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ GÜRÜLTÜ ETKİSİNİN ÖLÇÜMESİ
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 40 Sayı: 4, 721 - 741, 27.12.2022
Serdar Bahar
,
Erdinç Altay
Öz
Varlıkların temel değeri üzerinde etkisi olması gereken bilgi dışında yer alan ve rasyonel temelli alım satım işlemi dışında yeni bir habere dayalı olmayan işlemler olarak tanımlanabilen gürültüye dayalı işlemin finansal varlıkların fiyatları üzerinde bozucu bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve gürültüye dayalı işlem riskini oluşturduğu yaygın bir görüş olarak literatürde yer almaktadır. Gürültü olgusunun varlığı ve varlık fiyatları üzerindeki etkisinin ölçülmesi ise birbirinden oldukça farklı yöntemlerle yapılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 20.04.2000-17.09.2021 döneminde BİST-100 endeksi finansal zaman serilerinin gösterdiği değişen varyans, kalın kuyruklu dağılım ve bilgiye karşı asimetrik reaksiyona uygun bir yaklaşım olan EGARCH-M yöntemi ile modellenerek getiri oranı üzerindeki gürültü ve bilgi etkilerinin tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Böylelikle alternatif gürültü ölçüm yaklaşımlarının literatürde belirtilen dezavantajlara sahip olmayan bir yöntemle gürültünün Borsa İstanbul’daki varlığının ölçümü ve gürültü riskinin zaman içindeki değişimi ortaya konulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular piyasaya giren bilginin BİST-100 endeksi volatilitesi üzerindeki etkisinin asimetrik olduğu, olumsuz bilgilerin etkisinin olumlu bilgilerden daha fazla olduğu, gürültünün BİST-100 endeksi getiri oranları üzerindeki etki ortalamasının artırıcı, bilginin ise düşürücü olduğu ancak her iki etki ortalamasının da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmaması nedeniyle tahmin edilebilirliklerinin güç olduğu şeklindedir.
Kaynakça
- Abbasian, E., & Farzanegan, E. (2011). Tehran stock exchange bubbles and noise traders behavior. Journal of Economic Research, 46(3), 133-153.
- Abbasian, E., Farzanegan. E., & Nasiroleslami, E. (2016). Price bubble anomalies in Tehran stock exchange: Limits to arbitrage approach. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies, 23(76), 75-92. http://qjerp.ir/article-1-976-en.html
- Akel, V. (2011). Kriz Dönemlerinde Finansal Piyasalar Arasındaki Volatilite Yayılma Etkisi, Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
- Baklacı, H., Olgun, O., & Can, E. (2011). Noise traders: A new approach to understand the phantom of stock markets. Applied Economic Letters, 18, 1028-1045, https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2010.522513
Barber, B. M., Odean, T., & Zhu, N. (2005). Do noise traders move market. EFA 2006 Zurich Meetings Paper, 1-38.
- Barber, B., & Odean, T. (2008). All that glitters: The effect of attention and news on the buying behavior of individual and institutional investors. The Review of Financial Studies, 21, 785-818. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhm079
- Barber, B., Odean T., & Zhu, N. (2009). Systematic noise. Journal of Financial Markets, 12, 547-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2009.03.003
- Black, F. (1986). Noise. Journal of Finance, 41(3), 529-543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1986.tb04513.x
- Bender, J., Carol, O., & David, S. (2013). Noise trading and illusory correlation in US equity market. Review of Finance, 17, 630,649. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfr037
- Bilir, H. (2018). Piyasalar rasyonel mi? Etkin piyasalar hipotezi ve piyasa anomalileri. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(16), 1362-1374.
Bloomfield, R., Maureen, O., & Saar, G. (2009). How noise trading affects markets: An experimental analysis. The Review of Financial Studies, 22(6), 2275-2302. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn102
- Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 36, 307-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1
- Brown, G. W., & Cliff, M. T. (2004). Investor sentiment and the near-term stock market. Journal of Empirical Finance, 11, 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2002.12.001
- Campbell, J. Y., &Kyle, A. S. (1993). Smart money, noise trading and stock price behaviour. The Review of Economic Studies, 60, 1–34.
- Chen, A. L., Chen, H., & Shun, W. C. (2002). The underpricing and excess returns of initial public offerings based on the noisy trading: A stochastic frontier model. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 18, 139-159. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014565018160
- Chung, S. L., Hung, C. H., & Yeh, C. Y. (2012). When does investor sentiment predict stock return. Journal of Empirical Finance, 19, 217-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2012.01.002
- Cuong, P. K., Bich, N. T. T., Thanh, C. B., & Quynh, C. V. T. (2019). Noise trader risk: Evidence from Vietnam stock market. Hue University of Journal Finance, 28, 5-16. https://doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jed.v128i5C.5083
- De Long, B., Andrei, S., Lawrence S., & Robert, W. (1990). Noise trader risk in financial markets. Journal of Political Economy, 98(4), 703-738. https://doi.org/10.1086/261703
- De Long, B. (2005). Financial markets, noise traders, and fundamental risk: Background memo. UC Berkeley and NBER Working Paper, 1-27.
- Derren, F. (2005). IPO pricing in ‘hot’ market conditions: Who leaves money on the table. The Journal of Finance, 60 (1), 487-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00736.x
- Ding, D. (2011). Modeling of market volatility with APARCH model. Uppsala Universitet U.U.D.M. Project Report, 1-50.
- Engle, R. (1982). Autorregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of United Kingdom inflation. Econometrica, 50, 987-1008. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912773
- Enders, W. (2015). Applied Econometric Time Series, 4.Baskı, USA, Wiley&Sons.
- Ergün, T., Yusuf,G., & Bünyamin, E. (2017). Halka arz olan firmaların hisse senedi fiyatlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerin karşılaştırmalı analizi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 18, 157-166.
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ulikidince/issue/26590/279895
- Fama, E. (1965). Behavior of stock market prices. Journal of Business, 38(1), 34-105. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2350752
- Fama, E. (1970). Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. Journal of Finance, 25(2), 383-417. https://doi.org/10.2307/2325486
- Feng, J., Lin, D., & Yan, X. (2014). Research on measure of noise trading in stock market based on EGARCH-M model. 2nd International Conference on Information, Electronics and Computer, 101-107. https://doi.org/10.2991/icieac-14.2014.23
- Frazzini, A., & Lamont, O. (2005). Dumb money: Mutual fund flows and the cross-section of stock returns. NBER Working Paper.
- Friedman, M. (1953). Essays in Positive Economics. University of Chicago Press, 1.Basım.
- Hepsağ, A. (2013). Çok değişkenli stokastik oynaklık modelleri: Petrol piyasası ile finansal piyasalarda işlem gören sanayi sektörü endeksi arasındaki oynaklık etkileşimi üzerinde bir uygulama, Doktora Tezi, T.C İstanbul Üniversitesi sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1-230.
- Ju, X.K. (2014). Comparison and analysis of CAPM and BAPM models, International Conference of Mechatronics, Electronics, Industrial and Control Engineer, 62-65. https://doi.org/10.2991/meic-14.2014.15
- Kumar, A., & Lee, C. (2006). Retail investor sentiment and return comovements. Journal of Finance, 61(5), 2451-2486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01063.x
- Laopodis, N. (2008). Noise trading and autocorrelation interactions in the foreign exchange market: Evidence from developed and emerging economies. Journal of Economics and Finance, 32(3), 271-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-007-9018-y
- Mazıbaş, M. (2005). İMKB piyasalarındaki volatilitenin modellenmesi ve öngörülmesi: Asimetrik GARCH modelleri ile bir uygulama. VII. Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, 1-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3008971
- Nofsinger, J. R., & Sias, R. W. (1999). Herding and feedback trading by ınstitutional and ındividual ınvestors. The Journal of Finance, 54(6), 2263-2295. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00188