Pozitif Liderlik Algısının İş Motivasyonuna Etkisinde Psikolojik Sahiplik ve Örgütsel Bağlılığın Paralel Aracılık Rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2, 319 - 340, 29.06.2024

Nursaç Uyğun , Metin Işık

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.1360771

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı, yöneticilerin pozitif liderlik davranışlarının çalışanların motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisinde psikolojik sahiplik ve örgütsel bağlılığın paralel aracılık rolünü belirlemektir. Araştırmanın ana kütlesini Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi'nin akademik ve idari personeli, örneklemini ise araştırmaya katılan 259 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında anket tekniği kullanılmış ve eksiksiz doldurulan 255 anket verisi SPSS 25 ve AMOS 24 programlarıyla istatistiksel analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Verilere regresyon, korelasyon, DFA (Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi), frekans ve güvenilirlik analizleri uygunlanmıştır. Araştırma hipotezleri Hayes Process Macro molündeki Model 4 ile test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, pozitif liderlik alt boyutlarının örgütsel bağlılığın duygusal bağlılık alt boyutuyla negatif ve anlamlı ilişkilere sahip olduğu, iş motivasyonu alt boyutlarının ise psikolojik sahiplik ve örgütsel bağlılığın normatif ve devamlılık alt boyutlarıyla pozitif ve anlamlı ilişkilere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, yapılan analizlerde pozitif liderliğin iş motivasyonu üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu, psikolojik sahiplik ve örgütsel bağlılık değişkenlerinin ise bu etkide kısmi aracı rolüne sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pozitif Liderlik, İş Motivasyonu, Psikolojik Sahiplik, Örgütsel Bağlılık

The Parallel Mediating Role of Psychological Ownership and Organizational Commitment in The Effect of Positive Leadership Perception on Work Motivation

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the parallel mediating role of psychological ownership and organizational commitment in the effect of managers' positive leadership behaviors on employee motivation. The universe of the study consists of academic and administrative staff of Bitlis Eren University and the sample consists of 259 participants. Questionnaire technique was used to collect data and 255 completed questionnaire data were subjected to statistical analysis with SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 programs. Regression, correlation, CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), frequency and reliability analyses were applied to data. The research hypotheses were tested with Model 4 in Hayes Process Macro model. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that positive leadership sub-dimensions had negative and significant relationships with affective commitment sub-dimension of organizational commitment, while work motivation sub-dimensions had positive and significant relationships with psychological ownership and normative and continuance sub-dimensions of organizational commitment. In addition, the analyses revealed that positive leadership has positive and significant effects on work motivation, while psychological ownership and organizational commitment variables have a partial mediating role in this effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Positive Leadership, Work Motivation, Psychological Ownership, Organizational Commitment

Kaynakça

• Akbaba, S. & Aktaş, A. (2005). İçsel motivasyonun bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(21), 19-42.
• Alok, K. (2014). Authentic leadership and psychological ownership: Investigation of interrelations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(4), 266–285. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-06-2012-0080
• Aslan, H. (2020). Hi̇zmetkâr li̇derli̇ği̇n i̇ş tatmi̇ni̇ üzeri̇ndeki̇ etki̇si̇nde psi̇koloji̇k sahi̇plenmeni̇n aracı rolü. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(1), 196-212. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i1.1403
• Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Crossley, C. D., & Luthans, F. (2009). Psychological ownership: Theoretical extensions, measurement and relation to work outcomes. Journal Of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational And Organizational Psychology And Behavior, 30(2), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.583
• Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S., & Palanski, M. E. (2012). Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1298-2
• Bass, B. M. (1997). Does the transactional–transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries?. American Psychologist, 52(2), 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130
• Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40862298
• Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology press. Bass, B. M., Waldman, D. A., Avolio, B. J., & Bebb, M. (1987). Transformational leadership and the falling dominoes effect. Group & Organization Studies, 12(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118701200106
• Bayram, L. (2005). Yönetimde yeni bir paradigma: Örgütsel bağlılık. Sayıştay Dergisi, (59), 125-139.
• Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 901. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.901
• Cameron, K. (2012). Positive leadership: Strategies for extraordinary performance. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
• Cameron, K., & L. Wooten. (2009). Leading positively–strategies for extraordinary performance–at-a-glance. Centre for positive organizational scholarship. Stephan M. Ross: School of Business, The Regents of the University of Michigan.
• Cameron, K., & McNaughtan, J. (2014). Positive organizational change. The Journal Of Applied Behavioral Science, 50(4), 445-462. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886314549922
• Çelik, S., Dedeoğlu, B. B., & İnanır, A. (2015). Relationship between ethical leadership, organizational commitment and job satisfaction at hotel organizations. Ege Academic Review, 15(1), 53-64.
• Cherkowski, S., Kutsyuruba, B., & Walker, K. (2020). Positive leadership: Animating purpose, presence, passion and play for flourishing in schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(4), 401-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-04-2019-0076
• Dağlı, A., Elçiçek, Z., & Han, B. (2018). Örgütsel bağlılık ölçeği'nin türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 17(68), 1765-1777. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.445932
• Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030644
• Duan, J., Lam, W., Chen, Z., & Zhong, J. A. (2010). Leadership justice, negative organizational behaviors, and the mediating effect of affective commitment. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 38(9), 1287-1296. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030644
• Durna, U., & Eren, V. (2005). Üç bağlılık unsuru ekseninde örgütsel bağlılık. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 6(2), 210-219.
• Dyne, V. L., & Pierce, J. L. (2004). Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: Three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(4), 439-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.249
• Ekşili, N. & Alparslan, A. M. (2021). Hizmet sektöründe Pozitif Liderlik Ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Review, 3(1), 88-112.
• Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservablevariables and measurement error: Algebraand statistics. Journal Of Marketing Research, 18(1), 382-388. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3150980
• Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
• Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.012
• Gagne, M., Chemolli, E., Forest, J., & Koestner, R. (2008). A temporal analysis of the relation between organisational commitment and work motivation. Psychologica Belgica, 48(2-3), 219-241. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb-48-2-3-219
• Gauthier, H. (2015). A multi-dimensional model for positive leadership. Strategic Leadership Review, 5(1), 6-16.
• George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 27 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
• Ghafoor, A., Qureshi, T. M., Khan, M. A., & Hijazi, T. (2011). Transformational leadership, employee engagement and performance: Mediating effect of psychological ownership. African Journal Of Business Management, 5(17), 7391-7403. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.126
• Gul, S., Ahmad, B., Rehman, S. U., Shabir, N., & Razzaq, N. (2012). Leadership styles, turnover intentions and the mediating role of organizational commitment. In Information and Knowledge Management, 2(7), 44-51.
• Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
• Hajiali, I., Kessi, A. M. F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., & Sufri, M. M. (2022). Determination of work motivation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Golden Ratio Of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i1.160
• Hayes, A. F. (2012). Process: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
• İbicioğlu, H. (2000). Örgütsel bağlılıkta paradigmatik uyumun yeri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 13-22.
• İbrahim, W. S. & Türker, D. (2015). The effect of the compensation system on the level of employees motivation: The role of the moderate variables in the effect relationships between compensation system and the level of employees motivation. (Master Thesis.)
• Işık, M. & Uçar, Z. (2019). İş tatmini psikolojik sahiplenme ilişkisinde lider üye etkileşiminin düzenleyicilik etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(4), 1119- 1145. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.506797
• Jussila, I., Tarkiainen, A., Sarstedt, M., & Hair, J. F. (2015). Individual psychological ownership: Concepts, evidence, and implications for research in marketing. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 23(2), 121-139.
• Keskes, I. (2014). Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions. Intangible Capital, 10(1), 26-51. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.476
• Kim, M., & Beehr, T. A. (2017). Self-efficacy and psychological ownership mediate the effects of empowering leadership on both good and bad employee behaviors. Journal Of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 24(4), 466-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051817702078
• Kuhnert, K. W., & Lewis, P. (1987). Transactional and transformational leadership: A constructive/developmental analysis. Academy Of Management Review, 12(4), 648–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/258070
• Lapointe, E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2018). Examination of the relationships between servant leadership, organizational commitment, and voice and antisocial behaviors. Journal Of Business Ethics, 148(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-3002-9
• Lee, J. (2004). Effects of leadership and leader-member exchange on commitment. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 26(8), 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730510633728 Litwin, G. H., & Stringer, R. A. (1968). Motivation and organizational climate. Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration.
• Long, R. J. (1978). The relative effects of share ownership vs. control on job attitudes in an employee-owned company. Human Relations, 31(9), 753–763.
• Luthans, F. (2006). Organizational behavior. McGraw Hill International Editions.
• Malinga, K. S., Stander, M., & Nell, W. (2019). Positive leadership: Moving towards an integrated definition and interventions. Theoretical Approaches to Multi-Cultural Positive Psychological Interventions, 201–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20583-6_9
• Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness. Business Management And Strategy, 3(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v3i1.904
• McIntyre, N., Srivastava, A., & Fuller, J. A. (2009). The relationship of locus of control and motives with psychological ownership in organizations. Journal Of Managerial Issues, 21(3) 383-401. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604656
• Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human resource management review, 11(3), 299-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
• Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
• Nguyen, H. N., Le, Q. H., Tran, Q. B., Tran, T. H. M., Nguyen, T. H. Y., & Nguyen, T. T. Q. (2020). The impact of organizational commitment on employee motivation: A study in Vietnamese enterprises. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(6), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no6.439
• Oran, F. Ç., Güler, S. B., & Bilir, P. (2016). İş motivasyonun örgütsel bağlılığa olan etkinin incelenmesi: Sultangazi/istanbul ilköğretim okullarında bir araştırma. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(35), 236-252.
• Oruç, E. (2019). İş şekillendirmenin psikolojik iyi oluşa etkisinde işin anlamının aracılık etkisi. Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1), 24-28.
• Özdemir, S., & Erdem, R. (2016). Sosyal medyanin örgüt içi iletişimdeki rolü. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(3), 247-270.
• Pierce, J. L., & Rodgers, L. (2004). The psychology of ownership and worker-owner productivity. Group & Organization Management, 29(5), 588–613. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601103254270
• Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy Of Management Review, 26(2), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.2307/259124
• Pierce, J. L., Rubenfeld, S. A., & Morgan, S. (1991). Employee ownership: A conceptual model of process and effects. Academy Of Management Review, 16(1), 121-144. https://doi.org/10.2307/258609
• Porter, L.W., Steers, R.M., Mowday, R.T. and Boulian, P.V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover, among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037335
• Powley, E. H., & Cameron, K. S. (2006). Organizational healing: Lived virtuousness amidst organizational crisis. Journal Of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 3(1-2), 13–33 https://doi.org/10.1080/14766080609518609
• Powley, E. H., & Piderit, S. K. (2008). Tending wounds. The Journal Of Applied Behavioral Science, 44(1), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886308314842
• Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 358-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005
• Rowden, R. W. (2000). The relationship between charismatic leadership behaviors and organizational commitment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 21(1), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730010310712
• Sahito, Z., & Vaisanen, P. (2017). The diagonal model of job satisfaction and motivation: Extracted from the logical comparison of content and process theories. International Journal Of Higher Education, 6(3), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n3p209
• Salleh, S. M., Zahari, A. S. M., Said, N. S. M., & Ali, S. R. O. (2016). The influence of work motivation on organizational commitment in the workplace. Journal Of Applied Environmental And Biological Sciences, 6(58), 139-143.
• Sinek, S. (2009). Start with why: How great leaders inspire everyone to take action. Penguin Group.
• Sökmen, A., Kenek, G., & Uğraş, E. (2019). Etik liderlik ve üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışı ilişkisi: Örgütsel bağlılığın aracı rolü. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 54(4), 1568-1582. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.19.09.1184
• Stander, M. W., & Coxen, L. (2017). A review of the relationship between positive leadership styles and psychological ownership. Theoretical Orientations and Practical Applications of Psychological Ownership, 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70247-6_3
• Tohidi, H., & Jabbari, M. M. (2012). The effects of motivation in education. ProcediaSocial And Behavioral Sciences, 31, 820-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.148
• Tunçer, P. (2013). Örgütlerde performans değerlendirme ve motivasyon. Sayıştay dergisi, (88), 87-108.
• Uğurluoğlu, Ö., & Çelik, Y. (2009). Örgütlerde stratejik liderlik ve özellikleri. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 12(2), 121-156.
• Ülker, E. F. (2023). Liderliğin negatif yönü: Karanlık liderlik. Sosyal, İnsan Ve İdari Bilimlerde Öncü Ve Çağdaş Çalışmalar, 441–474.
• Ullman, J. B., & Bentler, P. M. (2012). Structural equation modeling. Handbook of Psychology.
• Walumbwa, F. O., Orwa, B., Wang, P., & Lawler, J. J. (2005). Transformational leadership, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction: A comparative study of Kenyan and US financial firms. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16(2), 235-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1135
• Yahaya, R., & Ebrahim, F. (2015). Leadership styles and organizational commitment: Literature review. Journal of Management Development, 35(2), 190-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-01-2015-0004
• Zaccaro, S. J., Hildebrand, K., & Nelson, J. (2008). Leadership processes and work motivation. In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, R. D. Pritchard (ed.), Work motivation: Past, present and future. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.