The Effect of Maternal Autonomy Level on Nutrition and Anthropometric Measurements in 0-5 Age Group Infants and Children

Yıl 2022, , 511 - 526, 31.08.2022

Özlem Özler Mehmet Fisunoğlu

https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1069248

Öz

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the autonomy levels of mothers who were exposed to domestic violence against woman, and to evaluate the effect of their autonomy levels on their children's feeding and health status.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 108 women who were victims of domestic violence and residence in shelters and 157 children of these women aged between 0-5. To reveal the research objectives of domestic violence, women and children who had not experienced violence in their families were included as "control group". The control group included 96 women and 125 children. Height, birth, and current body weight of all infants and children included in the study were recorded. The "Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale" was used to determine the personality traits of the mother, and the "Child Feeding Questionnaire" was used to evaluate her views on her child’s nutrition.
Results: It was determined that 69 of 108 women who were victims of violence participated in the study were sociotropic (63.9%, mean age 30.9±6.81 years), 39 had autonomic personality traits (36.1%, mean age 31.8±7.03 years), whereas 20 of 96 women who were not victims of violence had sociotropic (20.8%, mean age 31.2±5.23 years) and 76 autonomic personality traits (79.2%, mean age 33.2±6.11 years). The birth weight, current height and current body weight of the children of the domestic violence victims (2.8±0.63 kg, 90.6±12.96 cm ve 13.6±3.82 kg, respectively) were significantly lower compared to the children of control women (3.1±0.53 kg, 96.1±11.64 cm ve 15.1±3.17 cm, respectively) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It had been determined that mothers who were victims of violence had lower ability to participate in decision-making processes regarding feeding their children and their children's anthropometric measurements such as body weight and height were insufficient. Additionally mothers who were victims of violence had more sociotropic personality traits than mothers who were not victims of violence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Violence against woman, sociotropy, autonomy, child feeding

Anne Otonom Seviyesinin 0-5 Yaş Grubu Bebek ve Çocuklarda Beslenme ve Antropometrik Ölçümlere Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Mevcut çalışma aile içi şiddete maruz kalmış annelerin otonom seviyelerini belirlemek, annenin otonom seviyesinin çocuğun beslenmesi ve sağlığı üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya aile içi şiddete maruz kalan ve konukevlerinde yaşayan 108 kadın ile bu kadınların 0-5 yaş grubundaki 157 çocuğu dahil edilmiştir. Aile içi şiddetin araştırma amaçlarını ortaya çıkarması için, ailesinde şiddet olmayan 96 kadın ve bu kadınların aynı yaş grubundaki 125 çocuğu araştırmaya “kontrol grubu” olarak dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil edilen tüm bebek ve çocukların doğum ağırlıkları ile boy uzunlukları ve mevcut vücut ağırlıkları kaydedilmiştir. Araştırmada annenin kişilik özelliğini belirlemek için "Sosyotropi-Otonomi Ölçeği", çocuğunun beslenmesi hakkındaki görüşlerini değerlendirmek için de "Çocuk Besleme Anketi" kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan şiddet mağduru 108 kadının 69’unun (%63,9, ortalama yaş 30,9±6,81 yıl) sosyotropik, 39’unun (%36,1, ortalama yaş 31,8±7,03 yıl) otonomik kişilik özelliklerinde olduğu, şiddet mağduru olmayan 96 kadından ise 20’sinin (%20,8, ortalama yaş 31,2±5,23 yıl) sosyotropik, 76’sının ise (%79,2, ortalama yaş 33,2±6,11 yıl) otonomik kişilik özelliklerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Şiddet mağduru annelerin çocuklarının doğum ağırlığı, şu anki boy uzunluğu ile vücut ağırlıkları (2,8±0,63 kg, 90,6±12,96 cm ve 13,6±3,82 kg; sırasıyla), şiddet mağduru olmayan annelerin çocuklarının aynı ölçümlerine (3,1±0,53 kg, 96,1±11,64 cm ve 15,1±3,17 cm; sırasıyla) göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Şiddet mağduru kadınların çocuklarını besleme konusunda karar alma süreçlerine katılımlarının ve yetilerinin yetersiz olduğu, bu kadınların çocuklarının vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu gibi antropometrik bulgularının düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca şiddet mağduru kadınların daha sıklıkla sosyotropik kişilik özelliği sergilediği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

kadına karşı şddet, sosyotropi, otonomi, çocuk beslenmesi

Kaynakça

• Afulani, P. A., Altman, M., Musana, J., & Sudhinaraset, M. (2017). Conceptualizing pathways linking women's empowerment and prematurity in developing countries. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 8(17, S2), 338-356.
• Başar, F. & Dermirci, N. (2018). Domestic violence against women in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Medical Science, 34(3):660-665.
• Bechard, L., & Hendricks, K. (2005). Nutritional assessment. Anthropometrics and growth. Manual of Pediatric Nutrition. 4th ed. Hamilton: BC Decker Inc, 10-55.
• Beck, A., Epstein, N., Harrison, R., & Emery, G. (1983). Development of the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale: A measure of personality factors in psychopathology. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
• Beck, A. T. (1983). Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives. Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches.
• Bieling, P. J., Beck, A. T., & Brown, G. K. (2000). The sociotropy–autonomy scale: Structure and implications. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), 763-780.
• Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O., Grimm-Thomas, K., Markey, C. N., Sawyer, R., & Johnson, S. L. (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite, 36(3), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.2001.0398
• Camcı, N., Bas, M., & Buyukkaragoz, A. H. (2014). The psychometric properties of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) in Turkey. Appetite, 78, 49-54.
• Caprara, G. L., Bernardi, J. R., Bosa, V. L., da Silva C. H. & Goldani, M. Z. (2020). Does domestic violence during pregnancy influence the beginning of complementary feeding? BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(12), 447-454.
• Carlson, G. J., Kordas, K., & Murray‐Kolb, L. E. (2015). Associations between women's autonomy and child nutritional status: a review of the literature. Maternal & child nutrition, 11(4), 452-482.
• Dancer, D., & Rammohan, A. (2009). Maternal autonomy and child nutrition: evidence from rural Nepal. Indian growth and development review.
• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (1996). The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. Physical Status: Report of a WHO Expert Committee: WHO Technical Report Series 854, Geneva.
• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (1998). Life in the 21st century A vision for all 1998. www.who.int/whr/1998/en/whr98_en.pdf adresinden 03.02.2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (2021). Violence against women. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women adresinden 07.02.2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
• Eisikovits, Z., Winstok, Z., & Fishman, G. (2004). The first Israeli national survey on domestic violence. Violence against women, 10(7), 729-748.
• Fryar, C. D., Hirsch, R., McDowell, M. A., & Ogden, C. L. (2005). Anthropometric reference data for children and adults; US population, 1999-2002.
• Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. The Lancet, 368(9543), 1260-1269.
• Goulding, A. N., Rosenblum, K. L., Miller, A. L., Peterson, K. E., Chen, Y. P., Kaciroti, N., & Lumeng, J. C. (2014). Associations between maternal depressive symptoms and child feeding practices in a cross-sectional study of low-income mothers and their young children. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 11, 75.
• Gönç, E.N., Özön, Z.A., Alikaşifoğlu, A. & Kandemir, N. (2015). Çocuklarda büyümenin değerlendirilmesi ve boy kısalığında tanısal yaklaşım. Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Dergisi, 58(2),80-85.
• Gross, R.S., Velazco, N.K., Briggs, R.D. & Racine, A.D. (2013). Maternal depressive symptoms and child obesity in low-income urban families. Academic Pediatrics, 13(4):356-363.
• Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies (HUIPS). (2015). Research on domestic violence against women in Turkey. Ankara.
• Hayran, M. (2011). Sağlık araştırmaları için temel istatistik. Omega Araştırma.
• Hoffman, K. L., Demo, D. H., & Edwards, J. N. (1994). Physical wife abuse in a non-Western society: an integrated theoretical approach. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 131-146.
• Malhotra, C., Malhotra, R., Østbye, T., & Subramanian, S. (2014). Maternal autonomy and child health care utilization in India: results from the National Family Health Survey. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 26(4), 401-413.
• Mezzavilla, R.S., Ferreira, M.F., Curioni, C.C., Lindsay, A.C. & Hasselmann, M.H. (2017) Intimate partner violence and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review of observational studies. Jornal de Pediatria, 94:226–233.
• Namoro, S. & Roushdy, R. (2009). Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Egypt: Women Empowerment and Investment in Children. Middle East Development Journal, 1(1), 105-121.
• Öztürk, E. (2010). Türkiye’de Aile, Şiddet ve Kadın Sığınmaevleri. 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim ve Toplum Eğitim Bilimleri ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(7), 39-55.
• Rico, E., Fenn, B., Abramsky, T., & Watts, C. (2011). Associations between maternal experiences of intimate partner violence and child nutrition and mortality: findings from Demographic and Health Surveys in Egypt, Honduras, Kenya, Malawi and Rwanda. Journal of epidemiology & community health, 65(4), 360-367.
• Ross-Suits, H. M. (2010). Maternal autonomy as a protective factor in child nutritional outcome in Tanzania.
• Sahin, N., Ulusoy, M., & Şahin, N. (1993). Exploring the sociotropy‐autonomy dimensions in a sample of Turkish psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(6), 751-763.
• Shroff, M., Griffiths, P., Adair, L., Suchindran, C., & Bentley, M. (2009). Maternal autonomy is inversely related to child stunting in Andhra Pradesh, India. Maternal & child nutrition, 5(1), 64-74.
• Sen, S., & Bolsoy, N. (2017). Violence against women: prevalence and risk factors in Turkish sample. BMC women's health, 17(1), 100-109.
• Shroff, M. R., Griffiths, P. L., Suchindran, C., Nagalla, B., Vazir, S., & Bentley, M. E. (2011). Does maternal autonomy influence feeding practices and infant growth in rural India? Social science & medicine, 73(3), 447-455.
• Subaşı, N., & Akın, A. (2004). Kadına Yönelik Şiddet; Nedenleri ve Sonuçları. Akın A (Editör). Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Sağlık ve Kadın (s.295-306). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Tekkas-Kerman, Kader. & Betrus, Patricia. (2020). Violence against women in Turkey: A social ecological framework of determinants and prevention strategies. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 21(3), 510 – 526.
• Uzun, G.O. & Uzunboylu, H. (2015). A survey regarding of domestic violence againts women. Proc Soc Behav Sci. 190(1),24–31.
• Pekcan, G. (2008). Beslenme durumunun saptanması. Diyet El Kitabı. 5. Baskı, Ankara.
• Yakubovich, A. R., Stöckl, H., Murray, J., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Steinert, J. I., Glavin, C. E. Y., & Humphreys, D.K. (2018). Risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence against women: Systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective–longitudinal studies. American Journal of Public Health, 108(7), e1-11.
• Yount, K. M., Di Girolamo, A. M., & Ramakrishnan, U. (2011). Impacts of domestic violence on child growth and nutrition: a conceptual review of the pathways of influence. Social science & medicine, 72(9), 1534-1554.