Hemşirelerin COVID-19'a Yönelik Duygu, Düşünce, Davranış ve Tedbirlerinin Bakım Verme Rollerine İlişkin Tutumlarına Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 33 - 49

Zehra Eskimez , Saliha Bozdoğan Yeşilot , Pinar Yesil

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada hemşirelerin COVID-19'a yönelik duygu, düşünce, davranış ve önlemlerinin bakım verme rollerine yönelik tutumları üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel bir çevrimiçi anketi benimsemiştir. Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma, 1 Ağustos-1 Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Araştırma evrenini, bir ilde yaşayan ve en az bir yıl iş tecrübesi olan tüm hemşireler oluşturmuştur. Örneklem, rastgele kartopu örneklemesi kullanılarak işe alınan 306 hemşireden oluşmaktadır. Veriler kişisel bilgi formu, Çok Boyutlu COVID-19 Ölçeği ve Bakım Veren Hemşirelere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Çalışma verilerinin analizinde, Shapiro Wilk testi, parametrik testler, bağımsız örneklem t testi, Pearson korelasyon katsayısı, tek yönlü ANOVA ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon modelleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 33.17 ±8.14 idi. Katılımcıların çoğu kadındı (%85,6). Katılımcıların bakım verme rollerine yönelik tutumları, Çok Boyutlu COVID-19 Ölçeği ve alt ölçeklerinden etkilenmiştir. Çoklu regresyon modeli istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Lise, ön lisans veya lisans mezunu olmak, katılımcıların Hemşirelere Bakım Verme Rollerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği puanlarını düşürmüştür. Hemşirelerin, “COVID-19 hakkındaki düşünceleri” ve “COVID-19 ile ilgili alınan önlemler” Hemşirelerin Bakım Rollerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği puanlarını yükseltmiştir.
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin pandemi süresince bakım verme rollerine yönelik tutumları ile COVID-19 pandemisine ilişkin duygu, düşünce, davranış ve önlemleri arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Hemşireler, Bakım verici roller, Tutum, Düşünceler, Davranışlar

The Effect of Nurses' Feelings, Thoughts, Behaviors, and Measures for COVID-19 on Their Attitudes Toward Caregiving Roles

Öz

Aim: This study investigated the effect of nurses' feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and measures for COVID-19 on their attitudes toward caregiving roles.
Materials and Methods: This study adopted a descriptive and cross-sectional online survey. This descriptive study was conducted between August 1 and October 1, 2021. The study population consisted of all nurses living in a city with at least one year of work experience. The sample consisted of 306 nurses recruited using random snowball sampling. Data were collected online using a personal information form, the Multi-Dimensional COVID-19 Scale, and the Attitude Scale for Nurses in Caregiving Roles. In the study data analysis, Shapiro Wilk test, parametric tests, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression models were used.
Results: Participants had a mean age of 33.17 ±8.14 years. Most participants were women (85.6%). Participants’ attitudes toward caregiving roles were affected by Multi-Dimensional COVID-19 Scale and subscales. The multiple regression model was statistically significant. Having a high school, associate’s, or bachelor's degree decreased the participants' Attitude Scale for Nurses in Caregiving Roles scores. Nurses' "thoughts about COVID-19" and "precautions taken regarding COVID-19" increased the Nurses' Attitude Scale Towards Care Roles scores. Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between nurses' attitudes toward their caregiving roles during the pandemic and their feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and measures regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Nurses, Caregiving roles, Attitude, Thoughts, Behaviors

Kaynakça

• Adams, J. G., & Walls, R. M. (2020). Supporting the health care workforce during the COVID-19 global epidemic. JAMA, 323(15), 1439-1440. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3972.
• Aktura, S. Ç., & Özden, G. (2020). Psychological effects of the epidemic: COVID-19 nurses. Journal of International Social Research, 13(73). https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.11049
• Altınbaş, Y., & İster, E. D. (2020). Nurses' attitudes towards caregiver roles and perceptions of individualized care. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Derneği, 29(4), 246-254. https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.621856
• Bahçecioğlu T. G., Özer, Z., & Çiftçi, B. (2021). Analysis of anxiety levels and attitudes of nursing students toward the nursing profession during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(4), 1913-1921. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12766
• Batıgün, A. D., & Ertürk, İ. Ş. (2020). Multidimensional COVID-19 Scale development, validity and reliability study. Nesne Journal, 8(18), 406-421. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-08-18-04
• Bergman, L., Falk, A. C., Wolf, A., & Larsson, I. M. (2021). Registered nurses' experiences of working in the intensive care unit during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nursing in Critical Care, 26(6), 467-475. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12649
• Billings, J., Kember, T., Greene, T., Grey, N., El-Leithy, S., Lee, D., Kennerley, H., Albert, I., Robertson, M., Brewin, C., & Bloomfield, M. (2020). Guidance for planners of the psychological response to stress experienced by hospital staff associated with COVID: Early interventions. https://www.aomrc.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/Guidance-for-planners-of-the-psychological-response-to-stress-experienced-by-HCWs-COVID-trauma-response-workinggroup.pdf
• Bulut, T. Y., Aydın, M., & Avcı, İ. A. (2022). Evaluation of intensive care nurse's attitudes regarding the role of care governers in terms of some variables. Journal of Samsun Health Sciences, 7(1), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1039710
• Cha, C., & Park, S. (2021). Information flow and nursing care during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15898
• Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7: e15-e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2215-0366(20)30078-X
• Dickerson, C., & Trodd, L. (2022). Gaining professional recognition: exploring professionality and professional identity of early years practitioners in higher education. Teaching in Higher Education, 27(3), 319-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1724935
• Dossary, R. A, Alamri, M., Albaqawi, H., Al Hosis, K., Aljeldah, M., Aljohan, M., Aljohani, K., Almadani, N., Alrasheadi, B., Falatah, R., & Almazan, J. (2020). Awareness, attitudes, prevention, and perceptions of COVID-19 outbreak among nurses in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 8269. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218269
• Duran, S., Yurtsever, D., & Alan, H. (2022). Nursing care perceptions of patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Health and Nursing Management, 9(1), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.54304/SHYD.2022.05925
• Galehdar, N., Toulabi, T., Kamran, A., & Heydari, H. (2021). Exploring nurses' perception of taking care of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19): A qualitative study. Nursing Open, 8(1), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.616
• Gunawan, J., Aungsuroch, Y., Watson, J., & Marzilli, C. (2022). Nursing administration: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Nursing Science Quarterly, 35(2), 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/08943184211070582
• Gül, Ş., & Dinç, L. (2018). Investigation of nurses’ and patients’ perceptions regarding nursing care. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 5(3), 192-208. https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.500787
• He, D., Zhao, S., Li, Y., Cao, P., Gao, D., Lou, Y., & Yang, L. (2020). Comparing COVID-19 and the 1918–19 influenza pandemics in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 98, 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.075
• Heitzman, J. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Psychiatria Polska, 54(2), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/120373
• Hou, Z., Du, F., Zhou, X., Jiang, H., Martin, S., Larson, H., & Lin, L. (2020). Cross-country comparison of public awareness, rumors, and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 epidemic: Infodemiology study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e21143. https://doi.org/10.2196/21143
• Huang, L., Lei, W., Xu, F., Liu, H., & Yu, L. (2020). Emotional responses and coping strategies in nurses and nursing students during Covid-19 outbreak: A comparative study. PLoS ONE, 15(8), e0237303. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237303
• Inocian, E.P., Cruz, J.P., Saeed Alshehry, A., Alshamlani, Y., Ignacio, E.H., & Tumala, R. B. (2021). Professional quality of life and caring behaviours among clinical nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Nursing,00,1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15937
• Irandoost, S. F., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Safari, H., Khorami, F., Ahmadi, S., Soofizad, G., & Ebadi Fard Azar, F. (2022). Explaining the challenges and adaptation strategies of nurses in caring for patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study in Iran. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00937-8
• Jackson, D., Bradbury-Jones, C., Baptiste, D., Gelling, L., Morin, K., Neville, S., & Smith, G. D. (2020). Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(13-14), 2041–2043. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15257
• Joo, J. Y., & Liu, M. F. (2021). Nurses’ barriers to caring for patients with COVID‐19: A qualitative systematic review. International Nursing Review, 68(2), 202-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12648
• Kackin, O., Ciydem, E., Aci, O. S., & Kutlu, F. Y. (2021). Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67(2), 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020942788
• Kaplan, E., Aktaş, M.C., & Kaya, H. (2021). The relationship between fear of the covid-19 pandemic and nurses' attitudes to the caregiver role. Health Science University Nursing Journal, 3(3), 135-140. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.997960
• Karadağ, E., Parlar, S. K., Ugur, O., & Akyol, M. A. (2019). Attitudes of nurses in Turkey toward care of dying individual and the associated religious and cultural factors. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(1), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0657-4
• Kaslow, N. J., Dunn, S. E., Bonsall, J. M., Mekonnen, E., Newsome, J., Pendley, A. M., Wierson, M., & Schwartz, A. C. (2021). A roadmap for patient-and family-centered care during the pandemic. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000176
• Koçak, C., Albayrak, S. A., & Duman, N. B. (2014). Developing an attitude scale for nurses in caregiving roles: validity and reliability tests. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 11(3), 16+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A419536068/AONE?u=anon~de34e9d9&sid=googleScholar&xid=6eaa8b10
• Korhan, E. A. (2019). Watson's model of human care: a systematic review. Sakarya University Journal of Holistic Health, 2(2), 46-68. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/859385
• Kossiori, I., Konstantinidis, T., Tsiou, C., Kalogianni, A., Tsatsou, I., Kavga, A., Dokoutsidou, E., & Govina, O. (2021). Investigation of views and care behaviors among patients and nurses in surgical and internal medicine departments in Greece. Hellenic Journal of Nursing, 60(4): 457–466.
• Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Jiang, WJ., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976-e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
• Leng, M., Wei, L., Shi, X., Cao, G., Wei, Y., Xu, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Xing, S., & Wei, H. (2021). Mental distress and influencing factors in nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19. Nursing in Critical Care, 26(2), 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12528
• Liu, Q., Luo, D., Haase, J.E., Guo, O., Wnag, X.O., Liu, S., Xia, L., Liu, Z., Yang, J., & Yang, B.X. (2020). The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. Lancet Global Health, 8(6), E790-E798. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30204-7
• Parola, V., Coelho, A., Fernandes, O., & Apóstolo, J. (2020). Travelbee’s Theory: Human-to-Human Relationship Model-its suitability for palliative nursing care. Revista de Enfermagem Referência, (2). https://doi.org/10.12707/RV20010
• Schroeder, K., Norful, A. A., Travers, J., & Aliyu, S. (2020). Nursing perspectives on care delivery during the early stages of the covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 2, 100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2020.100006
• Shen, A., Wang, Y., & Qiang, W. (2020). A multicenter investigation of caring behaviors and burnout among oncology nurses in China. Cancer Nursing, 43(5), E246-E253. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000680
• Sheng, Q., Zhang, X., Wang, X., & Cai, C. (2020). The influence of experiences of involvement in the COVID‐19 rescue task on the professional identity among Chinese nurses: A qualitative study. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(7), 1662-1669. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13122
• Shohani, M., & Zamanzadeh, V. (2017). Nurses' attitude towards professionalization and factors influencing it. Journal of Caring Sciences, 6(4), 345. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2017.033
• Sierakowska, M., & Doroszkiewicz, H. (2022). Stress coping strategies used by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ, 10, e13288. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13288
• Sun, N., Wei, L., Shi, S., Jiao, D., Song, R., Ma, L., Wang, H., Wang, C., Wang, Z., You, Y., & Liu, S. (2020). A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(6), 592-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
• Treston, C. (2020). COVID-19 in the Year of the Nurse. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care: JANAC, 31(3), 359–360. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNC.0000000000000173
• Wahyuningsih, I.S., Janitra, F. E., Hapsari, R., Sarinti, S., Mahfud, M., & Wibisono, F. (2020). The nurses’ experience during the caring of coronavirus (COVID-19) patients: A descriptive qualitative study. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran, 8(3), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v8i3.1559
• Yılmaz, D. U., Dilemek, H., Yılmaz, D., Korhan, E. A., Çelik, E., & Rastgel, H. (2017). Attitudes and related factors for nurses in caregiving roles. International Refereed Journal Nursing Research, 1, 83-97. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp
• Zeydi, A. E., Ghazanfari, M. J., Azizi, E., Darvishi-Khezri, H., Mortazavi, H., Osuji, J., & Karkhah, S. (2022). Clinical competence of Iranian nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 11. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_352_21
• Zhang, Y., Wei, L., Li, H., Pan, Y., Wang, J., Li, Q., Wu, Q., & Wei, H. (2020). The psychological change process of frontline nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 during its outbreak. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 41(6), 525-530. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.1752865