Correlation Between Pain, Sleep, Fatigue and Quality Of Life in Pregnant Women

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 81 - 94

Sevgi Kara , Mahmut Yaran , Gamze Ekici

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate pain, sleep, fatigue and health-related quality of life during pregnancy, which is a physiological process, and to investigate the correlations among these factors.
Methods: This study was carried out with the participation of 78 volunteer pregnant women who applied to Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics as outpatients. In the study, "Visual Analogue Scale" was used to evaluate pain, sleep and fatigue and "Nottingham Health Profile" scales were used to evaluate quality of life. Sociodemographic data was recorded. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyse the correlation between pain, sleep, fatigue and quality of life (p˂0,05).
Results: In this study, it was concluded that the mean pain score of the pregnant women on the Visual Anologue Scale was 2,97±3,74, the mean sleep problem score of the 45,40 % who defined sleep problems was 5,09±1,91, and the mean score was 5,02±3.44 when fatigue levels were examined. In the quality of life scale, Nottingham Health Profile, the mean total score was found to be 190,20±146,84. There was a significant relationship between fatigue and pain (r = 0,385, p = 0,001) and quality of life (r = 0,402, p = 0,001), while there was a significant relationship between energy level (r = 0,464, p = 0,001) and physical mobility (r = 0,338, p = 0,003), which are subcomponents of quality of life. No correlation was found between sleep quality and pain (r = -0,047, p = 0,690), fatigue (r = -0,001, p = 0,992) and quality of life (r = -0,122, p = 0,294).
Conclusion: In the light of this study, negative changes in the level of pain, sleep quality and fatigue, which are frequently seen in pregnant women, reduce the quality of life of pregnant women and affect them negatively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

pregnancy, pain, sleep, fatique, quality of life

Etik Beyan

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu onayı alındı (Etik Kurul Onay Numarası: 2023-1123)

Gebelerde Ağrı, Uyku, Yorgunluk ve Yaşam Kalitesi İlişkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada fizyolojik bir süreç olan gebelikte ağrı, uyku, yorgunluk ve sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi ve aralarındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı'na ayaktan müracaat eden 78 gönüllü gebe katılımı ile gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak, gebelerde ağrı, uyku ve yorgunluğu değerlendirmek amacıyla “Görsel Analog Skala”, yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için de ‘’Nottingham Sağlık Profili’’ ölçekleri kullanıldı. Sosyodemografik bilgiler kaydedildi. Ağrı, yorgunluk, uyku ve yaşam kalitesi ilişkisini incelemek için Spearman’ın korelasyon analizi kullanıldı (p˂0,05).
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada gebelerin Görsel Anolog Skala üzerindeki ağrı puanı ortalamalarının 2,97±3,74 olduğu, uyku problemi tanımlayan %45,40’lık kesimin uyku problemi ortalamalarının 5,09±1,91 olduğu ve yorgunluk düzeyleri incelendiğinde ise, puan ortalamalarının 5,02±3,44 olduğu, sonucuna ulaşıldı. Yaşam kalitesi ölçeği, Nottingham Sağlık Profilinde ise toplam puan ortalamaları 190,20±146,84 olarak bulundu. Gebelerde yorgunluk ile ağrı (r = 0,385, p = 0,001) ve yaşam kalitesi (r = 0,402, p = 0,001) arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, yaşam kalitesinin alt bileşenlerinden, enerji seviyesi (r = 0,464, p = 0,001) ve fiziksel mobilite (r = 0,338, p = 0,003) arasında da anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptandı. Uyku kalitesi ile ağrı (r =-0,047, p = 0,690), yorgunluk (r =-0,001, p = 0,992) ve yaşam kalitesi (r = -0,122, p = 0,294) arasında ise, bir ilişki bulunamadı.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma ışığında gebelerde sıklıkla görülen, ağrı, uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluk düzeyindeki olumsuz değişimler gebelerin yaşam kalitesini düşürerek, onları olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

gebelik, ağrı, uyku, yorgunluk, yaşam kalitesi

Kaynakça

• Abay H, Öztürk Gülmez B, Kaplan S. (2024). The effect of maternal sleep quality in late pregnancy on prenatal, birth and early postnatal outcomes. Journal of Sleep Research Sleep, Apr 16:e14218. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14218.
• Aparicio, V. A., Marín‐Jiménez, N., Flor‐Alemany, M., Acosta‐Manzano, P., Coll‐Risco, I., & Baena‐García, L. (2023). Effects of a concurrent exercise training program on low back and sciatic pain and pain disability in late pregnancy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 33(7), 1201-1210. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14353.
• Atkinson, L., Teychenne, M. (2022). Psychological, Social and Behavioural Changes During Pregnancy: Implications for Physical Activity and Exercise. In: Santos-Rocha, R. (eds) Exercise and Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Postpartum. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06137-0_2
• Baattaiah, B. A., Alharbi, M. D., Babteen, N. M., Al-Maqbool, H. M., Babgi, F. A., & Albatati, A. A. (2023). The relationship between fatigue, sleep quality, resilience, and the risk of postpartum depression: an emphasis on maternal mental health. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01043-3.
• Banker, T. (2021). An evaluation of rate of fatigue and sleep quality in pregnant women: a cross sectional study. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 6(1). www.ijshr.com. ISSN: 2455-7587
• Black J.M., Matassarin-Jacobs E. (1993). Luckman and Soresen’s Medical-Surgical Nursing Psychopysiologic Approach. Fourth Edition. W. B. Saunders Company Philadelphia:1253-1314
• Boutib, A., Chergaoui, S., Marfak, A., Hilali, A., & Youlyouz-Marfak, I. (2022). Quality of Life During Pregnancy from 2011 to 2021: Systematic Review. International Journal of Women’s Health, 14, 975–1005. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S361643.
• Calou, C.G.P., de Oliveira, M.F., Carvalho, F.H.C. et al. (2018). Maternal predictors related to quality of life in pregnant women in the Northeast of Brazil. Health Qual Life Outcomes 16. 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0917-8.
• Chmaj-Wierzchowska, K., Rzymski, P., Wojciechowska, M., Parda, I., & Wilczak, M. (2022). Health-related quality of life (Nottingham Health Profile) of women with normal and pathological pregnancy and during delivery: correlation with clinical variables and self-reported limitations. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 35(10), 1825-1833. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1910665
• Davoud A. & Abazari M. (2020). The Relationship between Quality of Life and Physical Activity, Worry, Depression, and Insomnia in Pregnant Women. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry. Apr;15(2):159-168. PMID: 32426012; PMCID: PMC7215256.
• Effati-Daryani, F., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Mohammadi, A., Zarei, S., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2021). Fatigue and sleep quality in different trimesters of pregnancy. Sleep Science, 14(S 01), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20200091.
• Estebsari, F., Kandi, Z. R. K., Bahabadi, F. J., Filabadi, Z. R., Estebsari, K., & Mostafaei, D. (2020). Health-related quality of life and related factors among pregnant women. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_307_20.
• Felix, N.A.R., & Ceolim, M. F. (2022). Sleep in pregnancy quarters: a longitudinal study. Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem. 44, e20210278. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2023.20210278.en
• Huong, N.T.T., Thuy, N.T.H. and Yen, L.T.H. (2019). Quality of Sleep among Pregnant Women. International Journal of Clinical Medicine. 10, 16-25. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2019.101003
• Igwesi-Chidobe CN, Emmanuel GN, Okezue OC. (2021). Community-based non-pharmacological interventions for improving pain, disability and quality of life in pregnant women with musculoskeletal conditions: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analyses. BMJ Open. 11: e042107. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042107
• Kaçar N., Özcan H. (2021). Gebelikte Uyku Problemleri ile Baş Etme ve Ebelik Rolü. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 18(2):847-53. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.783541
• Kandru, M., Zallipalli, S. N., Dendukuri, N. K., Linga, S., Jeewa, L., Jeewa, A., & Sunar, S. B. (2023). Effects of conventional exercises on lower back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42010
• Küçükdeveci A.A., McKenna S.P., Kutlay, S., Gürsel, Y., Whalley, D., Arasil, T. (2000). The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. Mar;23(1):31-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004356-200023010-00004.
• Lee, S., Kim, J. H., & Chung, J. H. (2021). The association between sleep quality and quality of life: a population-based study. Sleep Medicine, 84, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.022.
• Malmir M., Masoumi, S.Z., Kazemi, F., & Refaei, M. (2022). Effect of Squat Exercises on Fatigue and Quality of Life of Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study. Journal of Holistic Nursing Midwifery. 32 (4) :274-282. https://doi.org/10.32598/jhnm.32.4.2262
• Mazúchová, L., Kelčíková, S., & Dubovická, Z. (2018). Measuring women's quality of life during pregnancy. Kontakt, 20(1), e31-e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kontakt.2017.11.004
• Meers, J.M., & Nowakowski, S. (2022). Sleep During Pregnancy. Current Psychiatry Reports, 24, 353–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-022-01343-2.
• Özel, E., & Güngör Tavşanlı, N. (2020). Gebelikte ağrının yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences, 6 (2), 134-150. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iaaojh/issue/53610/710313
• Özhüner, Y., & Çelik, N. (2019). Gebelerde Uyku Kalitesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 6(1), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.434753
• Pengo, M. F., Won, C. H., & Bourjeily, G. (2018). Sleep in women across the life span. Chest, 154(1), 196-206.) Epub 2018 Apr 19. PMID: 29679598; PMCID: PMC6045782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.04.005.
• Sarvaran, K., Abbasalizadeh, F., Alaei, M., Fathnezhad-Kazemi, A. (2024). Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and the Effect of Sleep Health Education on Sleep Quality in Pregnant Women with Sleep Disorders. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 18(3):435-444. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276231178746.
• Sedov, I. D., Cameron, E. E., Madigan, S., & Tomfohr-Madsen, L. M. (2018). Sleep quality during pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 38, 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.005.
• Shanshan, H., Liying, C., Huihong, Z., Yanting, W., Tiantian, L., Tong, J., & Jiawei, Q. (2024). Prevalence of lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 103(2), 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14714.
• Silva-Perez, L.J., Gonzalez-Cardenas, N., Surani, S., et al. (2019). Socioeconomic status in pregnant women and sleep quality during pregnancy. Cureus. 11(11): e6183. https://doi.org/ 10.7759/cureus.6183.
• Smyka, M., Kosińska-Kaczyńska, K., Sochacki-Wójcicka, N., Zgliczyńska, M., & Wielgoś, M. (2020). Sleep problems in pregnancy—A cross-sectional study in over 7000 pregnant women in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(15), 5306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155306.
• Sonja, M., Hunt, S.P., McKenna, J., McEwen, Jan Williams, Evelyn Papp. (1981). The Nottingham health profile: Subjective health status and medical consultations, Social Science & Medicine. Part A: Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology. 15 (3), Part 1: 221-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/0271-7123(81)90005-5.
• Sut, H. K., Asci, O., & Topac, N. (2016). Sleep quality and health-related quality of life in pregnancy. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 30(4), 302-309. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000181.
• Tulunay M., & Tulunay F.C. (2000). Ağrı değerlendirmesi ve ölçümü, S Erdine (Ed), Ağrı, İstanbul, 1. Baskı, Alemdar Ofset. 91- 110.
• Uthia, R & Rz, I. (2022). The effect of giving chia seeds on the bodyweight of pregnant mice (Mus Musculus L.). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1041. 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012026
• Yang, J. P., Lin, R. J., Sun, K., & Gao, L. L. (2022). Incidence and correlates of insomnia and its impact on health-related quality of life among Chinese pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 41(4), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2021.2020228.
• Yehia, D. B. M., Malak, M. Z., Al-Thwabih, N. N., Awad, R. R., Al-Ajouri, E. S., Darwish, S. S., & Hamad, A. S. (2020). Psychosocial factors correlate with fatigue among pregnant women in Jordan. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 56(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12372.
• Zhang, X., Cao, D., Sun, J., Shao, D., Sun, Y., & Cao, F. (2021). Sleep heterogeneity in the third trimester of pregnancy: Correlations with depression, memory impairment, and fatigue. Psychiatry Research, 303, 114075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114075.
• Zisapel, N., & Nir, T. (2003). Determination of the minimal clinically significant difference on a patient visual analog sleep quality scale. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(4), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0962-1105.2003.00365.x.