Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study

Mehmet Hamdi Örüm; Mahmut Zabit Kara; Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez

Araştırma Makalesi

Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 71 - 78, 01.06.2018

Mehmet Hamdi Örüm , Mahmut Zabit Kara Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez

Öz

Objectives: This study aims to compare the vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic.
Materials and methods: The study included 286 inpatients (178 males, 108 females; mean age 35.4±12.9 years; range, 15 to 76 years) treated in
Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital psychiatry clinic between 01 January 2017 and 31 December 2017. Patients’ diagnoses and vitamin
B12, folate, and ferritin levels were examined retrospectively.
Results: The most common diagnoses were schizophrenia (23.4%), bipolar affective disorder (23.1%), and major depressive disorder (11.5%). While
there was no significant difference in vitamin B12 levels according to sex (p=0.850), folate level was significantly lower in males (p=0.001) and ferritin
level was significantly lower in females (p=0.001). No difference was detected in the levels of vitamin B12, folate and ferritin in the comparison between
diagnoses.
Conclusion: Deficiency in vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels may cause psychiatric symptoms. Due to the high number of patients with low vitamin
B12 levels in our study, more attention may be paid to vitamin B12 replacement. Ferritin deficiency in females and folate deficiency in males are
noteworthy. Further research are needed to identify more specific and detailed algorithms related to vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin to support the
findings of this study and optimize the care given to patients suffering from psychiatric syndromes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ferritin, folic acid, inpatients, psychiatry, retrospective study, vitamin B12

Kaynakça

1. Kaplan BJ, Crawford SG, Field CJ, Simpson JS. Vitamins, minerals, and mood. Psychol Bull 2007;133:747-60.
2. Cornish S, Mehl-Madrona L. The role of vitamins and minerals in psychiatry. Integr Med Insights 2008;3:33-42.
3. Davison KM, Kaplan BJ. Nutrient intakes are correlated with overall psychiatric functioning in adults with mood disorders. Can J Psychiatry 2012;57:85-92.
4. Popper CW. Do vitamins or minerals (apart from lithium) have mood-stabilizing effects? J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:933-5.
5. Lonsdale D, Shamberger RJ. Red cell transketolase as an indicator of nutritional deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:205-11.
6. Leeton J. Depression induced by oral contraception and the role of vitamin B6 in its management. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1974;8:85-8.
7. Bouwer C, Stein DJ. Hyperresponsivity to nicotinic acid challenge in generalized social phobia: a pilot study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1998;8:311-3.
8. Hoogendijk WJ, Lips P, Dik MG, Deeg DJ, Beekman AT, Penninx BW. Depression is associated with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased parathyroid hormone levels in older adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:508-12.
9. Lee DM, Tajar A, O'Neill TW, O'Connor DB, Bartfai G, Boonen S, et al. Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression among community-dwelling European men. J Psychopharmacol 2011;25:1320-8.
10. Eby GA, Eby KL. Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment. Med Hypotheses 2006;67:362-70.
11. Yanik M, Kocyigit A, Tutkun H, Vural H, Herken H. Plasma manganese, selenium, zinc, copper, and iron concentrations in patients with schizophrenia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2004;98:109-17.
12. Lerner V, Kanevsky M, Dwolatzky T, Rouach T, Kamin R, Miodownik C. Vitamin B12 and folate serum levels in newly admitted psychiatric patients. Clin Nutr 2006;25:60-7.
13. Coppen A, Bolander-Gouaille C. Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12. J Psychopharmacol 2005;19:59-65.
14. Mills NT, Maier R, Whitfield JB, Wright MJ, Colodro-Conde L, Byrne EM, et al. Investigating the relationship between iron and depression. J Psychiatr Res 2017;94:148-55.
15. Kozyraki R, Cases O. Vitamin B12 absorption: mammalian physiology and acquired and inherited disorders. Biochimie 2013;95:1002-7.
16. Selhub J, Morris MS, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH. Folate-vitamin B-12 interaction in relation to cognitive impairment, anemia, and biochemical indicators of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:702-6.
17. Bodnar LM, Wisner KL. Nutrition and depression: implications for improving mental health among childbearing-aged women. Biol Psychiatry 2005;58:679-85.
18. Lerner V, Kanevsky M, Dwolatzky T, Rouach T, Kamin R, Miodownik C. Vitamin B12 and folate serum levels in newly admitted psychiatric patients. Clin Nutr 2006;25:60-7.
19. Bottiglieri T. Homocysteine and folate metabolism in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005;29:1103-12.
20. Bottiglieri T, Laundy M, Crellin R, Toone BK, Carney MW, Reynolds EH. Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:228-32.
21. Herrmann W, Lorenzl S, Obeid R. Review of the role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric disorders--current evidence and preliminary recommendations. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2007;75:515-27. [Abstract]
22. Baytan B, Özdemir Ö, Erdemir G, Güne AM. Çocukluk ça¤ında vitamin B12 eksikli¤i klinik bulgular ve tedavi. Uluda¤ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2007;33:61-4.
23. Reynolds EH, Carney MW, Toone BK. Methylation and mood. Lancet 1984;2:196-8.
24. Wesson VA, Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. Change in folate status with antidepressant treatment. Psychiatry Res 1994;53:313-22.
25. Bender A, Hagan KE, Kingston N. The association of folate and depression: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2017;95:9-18.
26. Abou-Saleh MT, Coppen A. Folic acid and the treatment of depression. J Psychosom Res 2006;61:285-7.
27. Hoyumpa AM. Mechanisms of vitamin deficiencies in alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1986;10:573-81.
28. Looker AC, Dallman PR, Carroll MD, Gunter EW, Johnson CL. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States. JAMA 1997;277:973-6.
29. Beard JL, Connor JR, Jones BC. Iron in the brain. Nutr Rev 1993;51:157-70.
30. Jacobs A, Miller F, Worwood M, Beamish MR, Wardrop CA. Ferritin in the serum of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload. Br Med J 1972;4:206-8.
31. Vahdat Shariatpanaahi M, Vahdat Shariatpanaahi Z, Moshtaaghi M, Shahbaazi SH, Abadi A. The relationship between depression and serum ferritin level. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:532-5.
32. Atadag Y, Aydin A, Kosker HD, Kaya D, Basak F. Relationship of Vitamin B12 with depression-anxiety disorders: Retrospective cohort study. Arch Clin Exp Med. 2017;2:6-8.
33. Kara IH, Celer HG, Yilmaz A, Deler MH, Hakan L, Baltaci D, et al. Determination of hemogram, folic acid and B12 vitamin levels of depression patients followed up in psychiatry outpatient clinic. Euras J Fam Med 2014;3:69-78.
34. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birli¤i, Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El kitabı. 5. Baskı (DSM-5). Tanı Ölçütleri Bavuru El kitabı’ndan, Çeviri editörü: Köro¤lu E. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birli¤i; 2014.
35. Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V. The Effects of Vitamin B in Depression. Curr Med Chem 2016;23:4317-37.
36. Petridou ET, Kousoulis AA, Michelakos T, Papathoma P, Dessypris N, Papadopoulos FC, et al. Folate and B12 serum levels in association with depression in the aged: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2016;20:965-73.
37. Nguyen PH, Grajeda R, Melgar P, Marcinkevage J, DiGirolamo AM, Flores R, et al. Micronutrient supplementation may reduce symptoms of depression in Guatemalan women. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2009;59:278-86.
38. Gougeon L, Payette H, Morais JA, Gaudreau P, Shatenstein B, Gray-Donald K. Intakes of folate, vitamin B6 and B12 and risk of depression in community-dwelling older adults: the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Aging. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016;70:380-5.
39. Ramaekers VT, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV. The basis for folinic acid treatment in neuro-psychiatric disorders. Biochimie 2016;126:79-90.
40. Almeida OP, Ford AH, Flicker L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of folate and vitamin B12 for depression. Int Psychogeriatr 2015;27:727-37.
41. Sengül O, Uygur D, Güleç M, Dilbaz B, Simsek EM, Göktolga U. The comparison of folate and vitamin B12 levels between depressive and nondepressive postmenopausal women. Turk J Med Sci 2014;44:611-5.
42. Esnafo¤lu E, Yaman E. Vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017;254:232-7.
43. Türksoy N, Bilici R, Yalçıner A, Ozdemir YÖ, Ornek I, Tufan AE, et al. Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014;10:1671-5.
44. Ghosh D, Burkman E. Relationship of serum ferritin level and tic severity in children with Tourette syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst 2017;33:1373-8.
45. Özsoy S, ‹zgi HB, Eel E, Turan T, Batürk M, Sofo¤lu S. izofreni, bipolar bozukluk ve major depresif bozukluk hastalarında farmakoterapinin vitamin B12 ve folik asit düzeylerine etkileri. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni 2009;19:128-34.
46. Haidemenos A, Kontis D, Gazi A, Kallai E, Allin M, Lucia B. Plasma homocysteine, folate and B12 in chronic schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007;31:1289-96.
47. Saedisomeolia A, Djalali M, Moghadam AM, Ramezankhani O, Najmi L. Folate and vitamin B12 status in schizophrenic patients. J Res Med Sci 2011;16:437-41.
48. Kemperman RF, Veurink M, van der Wal T, Knegtering H, Bruggeman R, Fokkema MR, et al. Low essential fatty acid and B-vitamin status in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia and its response to dietary supplementation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006;74:75-85.
49. Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, Flynn TG, Bottiglieri T, Laundy M, et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Lancet 1990;336:392-5.
50. Levine J, Stahl Z, Sela BA, Ruderman V, Shumaico O, Babushkin I, Osher Y, et al. Homocysteine-reducing strategies improve symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Biol Psychiatry 2006;60:265-9.
51. Firth J, Stubbs B, Sarris J, Rosenbaum S, Teasdale S, Berk M, et al. The effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on symptoms of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2017;47:1515-27.
52. Roffman JL, Lamberti JS, Achtyes E, Macklin EA, Galendez GC, Raeke LH, et al. Randomized multicenter investigation of folate plus vitamin B12 supplementation in schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2013;70:481-9.
53. el-Nakah A, Frank O, Louria DB, Quinones MA, Baker H. A vitamin profile of heroin addiction. Am J Public Health 1979;69:1058-60.
54. Cylwik B, Chrostek L. Disturbances of folic acid and homocysteine metabolism in alcohol abuse. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2011;30:295-9. [Abstract]
55. Orum MH, Kustepe A, Kara MZ, Dumlupinar E, Egilmez OB, Ozen ME, et al. Addiction profiles of patients with substance dependency living in Adiyaman province. Med Science 2018. Available from: https://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=283898

Bir psikiyatri kliniğinde yatan hastalarda B12 vitamini, folat ve ferritin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: Bir yıllık retrospektif bir çalışma

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 71 - 78, 01.06.2018

Mehmet Hamdi Örüm , Mahmut Zabit Kara Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada bir psikiyatri kliniğinde yatan hastaların B12 vitamini, folat ve ferritin düzeyleri karşılaştırıldı.

Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya 01 Ocak 2017 ve 31 Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi psikiyatri servisinde yatarak tedavi gören 286 hasta (178 erkek, 108 kadın; ort. yaş 35.4±12.9 yıl; dağılım, 15-76 yıl) dahil edildi. Hastaların tanıları ve B12 vitamini, folat ve ferritin düzeyleri retrospektif olarak incelendi.

Bulgular: En sık görülen tanılar şizofreni (%23.4), bipolar affektif bozukluk (%23.1) ve majör depresif bozukluk (%11.5) idi. Cinsiyete göre B12 vitamini düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılık yokken (p=0.850) erkeklerde folat düzeyi (p=0.001) ve kadınlarda ferritin düzeyi (p=0.001) anlamlı olarak düşük idi. Tanılar arasındaki karşılaştırmada; B12 vitamini, folat ve ferritin düzeyleri arasında farklılık tespit edilmedi.

Sonuç: B12 vitamini, folat ve ferritin düzeylerinde eksiklik psikiyatrik semptomlara neden olabilir. Çalışmamızda B12 vitamini düzeyi düşük olan hasta sayısının fazla olmasına bağlı olarak B12 vitamini replasmanında daha dikkatli olunabilir. Kadınlardaki ferritin eksikliği ve erkeklerdeki folat eksikliği dikkat çekicidir. Bu çalışmanın bulgularını desteklemek ve psikiyatrik sendromu olan hastalara verilen bakımın optimize edilmesi için B12 vitamini, folat ve ferritine ilişkin daha spesifik ve ayrıntılı algoritmaları belirlemek amacıyla ileri araştırmalar gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ferritin, folik asit, yatan hastalar, psikiyatri, retrospektif çalışma, B12 vitamini

Kaynakça

1. Kaplan BJ, Crawford SG, Field CJ, Simpson JS. Vitamins, minerals, and mood. Psychol Bull 2007;133:747-60.
2. Cornish S, Mehl-Madrona L. The role of vitamins and minerals in psychiatry. Integr Med Insights 2008;3:33-42.
3. Davison KM, Kaplan BJ. Nutrient intakes are correlated with overall psychiatric functioning in adults with mood disorders. Can J Psychiatry 2012;57:85-92.
4. Popper CW. Do vitamins or minerals (apart from lithium) have mood-stabilizing effects? J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:933-5.
5. Lonsdale D, Shamberger RJ. Red cell transketolase as an indicator of nutritional deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:205-11.
6. Leeton J. Depression induced by oral contraception and the role of vitamin B6 in its management. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1974;8:85-8.
7. Bouwer C, Stein DJ. Hyperresponsivity to nicotinic acid challenge in generalized social phobia: a pilot study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1998;8:311-3.
8. Hoogendijk WJ, Lips P, Dik MG, Deeg DJ, Beekman AT, Penninx BW. Depression is associated with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased parathyroid hormone levels in older adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:508-12.
9. Lee DM, Tajar A, O'Neill TW, O'Connor DB, Bartfai G, Boonen S, et al. Lower vitamin D levels are associated with depression among community-dwelling European men. J Psychopharmacol 2011;25:1320-8.
10. Eby GA, Eby KL. Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment. Med Hypotheses 2006;67:362-70.
11. Yanik M, Kocyigit A, Tutkun H, Vural H, Herken H. Plasma manganese, selenium, zinc, copper, and iron concentrations in patients with schizophrenia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2004;98:109-17.
12. Lerner V, Kanevsky M, Dwolatzky T, Rouach T, Kamin R, Miodownik C. Vitamin B12 and folate serum levels in newly admitted psychiatric patients. Clin Nutr 2006;25:60-7.
13. Coppen A, Bolander-Gouaille C. Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12. J Psychopharmacol 2005;19:59-65.
14. Mills NT, Maier R, Whitfield JB, Wright MJ, Colodro-Conde L, Byrne EM, et al. Investigating the relationship between iron and depression. J Psychiatr Res 2017;94:148-55.
15. Kozyraki R, Cases O. Vitamin B12 absorption: mammalian physiology and acquired and inherited disorders. Biochimie 2013;95:1002-7.
16. Selhub J, Morris MS, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH. Folate-vitamin B-12 interaction in relation to cognitive impairment, anemia, and biochemical indicators of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:702-6.
17. Bodnar LM, Wisner KL. Nutrition and depression: implications for improving mental health among childbearing-aged women. Biol Psychiatry 2005;58:679-85.
18. Lerner V, Kanevsky M, Dwolatzky T, Rouach T, Kamin R, Miodownik C. Vitamin B12 and folate serum levels in newly admitted psychiatric patients. Clin Nutr 2006;25:60-7.
19. Bottiglieri T. Homocysteine and folate metabolism in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005;29:1103-12.
20. Bottiglieri T, Laundy M, Crellin R, Toone BK, Carney MW, Reynolds EH. Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:228-32.
21. Herrmann W, Lorenzl S, Obeid R. Review of the role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric disorders--current evidence and preliminary recommendations. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2007;75:515-27. [Abstract]
22. Baytan B, Özdemir Ö, Erdemir G, Güne AM. Çocukluk ça¤ında vitamin B12 eksikli¤i klinik bulgular ve tedavi. Uluda¤ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2007;33:61-4.
23. Reynolds EH, Carney MW, Toone BK. Methylation and mood. Lancet 1984;2:196-8.
24. Wesson VA, Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. Change in folate status with antidepressant treatment. Psychiatry Res 1994;53:313-22.
25. Bender A, Hagan KE, Kingston N. The association of folate and depression: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2017;95:9-18.
26. Abou-Saleh MT, Coppen A. Folic acid and the treatment of depression. J Psychosom Res 2006;61:285-7.
27. Hoyumpa AM. Mechanisms of vitamin deficiencies in alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1986;10:573-81.
28. Looker AC, Dallman PR, Carroll MD, Gunter EW, Johnson CL. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States. JAMA 1997;277:973-6.
29. Beard JL, Connor JR, Jones BC. Iron in the brain. Nutr Rev 1993;51:157-70.
30. Jacobs A, Miller F, Worwood M, Beamish MR, Wardrop CA. Ferritin in the serum of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload. Br Med J 1972;4:206-8.
31. Vahdat Shariatpanaahi M, Vahdat Shariatpanaahi Z, Moshtaaghi M, Shahbaazi SH, Abadi A. The relationship between depression and serum ferritin level. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:532-5.
32. Atadag Y, Aydin A, Kosker HD, Kaya D, Basak F. Relationship of Vitamin B12 with depression-anxiety disorders: Retrospective cohort study. Arch Clin Exp Med. 2017;2:6-8.
33. Kara IH, Celer HG, Yilmaz A, Deler MH, Hakan L, Baltaci D, et al. Determination of hemogram, folic acid and B12 vitamin levels of depression patients followed up in psychiatry outpatient clinic. Euras J Fam Med 2014;3:69-78.
34. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birli¤i, Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El kitabı. 5. Baskı (DSM-5). Tanı Ölçütleri Bavuru El kitabı’ndan, Çeviri editörü: Köro¤lu E. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birli¤i; 2014.
35. Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V. The Effects of Vitamin B in Depression. Curr Med Chem 2016;23:4317-37.
36. Petridou ET, Kousoulis AA, Michelakos T, Papathoma P, Dessypris N, Papadopoulos FC, et al. Folate and B12 serum levels in association with depression in the aged: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2016;20:965-73.
37. Nguyen PH, Grajeda R, Melgar P, Marcinkevage J, DiGirolamo AM, Flores R, et al. Micronutrient supplementation may reduce symptoms of depression in Guatemalan women. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2009;59:278-86.
38. Gougeon L, Payette H, Morais JA, Gaudreau P, Shatenstein B, Gray-Donald K. Intakes of folate, vitamin B6 and B12 and risk of depression in community-dwelling older adults: the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Aging. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016;70:380-5.
39. Ramaekers VT, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV. The basis for folinic acid treatment in neuro-psychiatric disorders. Biochimie 2016;126:79-90.
40. Almeida OP, Ford AH, Flicker L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of folate and vitamin B12 for depression. Int Psychogeriatr 2015;27:727-37.
41. Sengül O, Uygur D, Güleç M, Dilbaz B, Simsek EM, Göktolga U. The comparison of folate and vitamin B12 levels between depressive and nondepressive postmenopausal women. Turk J Med Sci 2014;44:611-5.
42. Esnafo¤lu E, Yaman E. Vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017;254:232-7.
43. Türksoy N, Bilici R, Yalçıner A, Ozdemir YÖ, Ornek I, Tufan AE, et al. Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014;10:1671-5.
44. Ghosh D, Burkman E. Relationship of serum ferritin level and tic severity in children with Tourette syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst 2017;33:1373-8.
45. Özsoy S, ‹zgi HB, Eel E, Turan T, Batürk M, Sofo¤lu S. izofreni, bipolar bozukluk ve major depresif bozukluk hastalarında farmakoterapinin vitamin B12 ve folik asit düzeylerine etkileri. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni 2009;19:128-34.
46. Haidemenos A, Kontis D, Gazi A, Kallai E, Allin M, Lucia B. Plasma homocysteine, folate and B12 in chronic schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007;31:1289-96.
47. Saedisomeolia A, Djalali M, Moghadam AM, Ramezankhani O, Najmi L. Folate and vitamin B12 status in schizophrenic patients. J Res Med Sci 2011;16:437-41.
48. Kemperman RF, Veurink M, van der Wal T, Knegtering H, Bruggeman R, Fokkema MR, et al. Low essential fatty acid and B-vitamin status in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia and its response to dietary supplementation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006;74:75-85.
49. Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, Flynn TG, Bottiglieri T, Laundy M, et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Lancet 1990;336:392-5.
50. Levine J, Stahl Z, Sela BA, Ruderman V, Shumaico O, Babushkin I, Osher Y, et al. Homocysteine-reducing strategies improve symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Biol Psychiatry 2006;60:265-9.
51. Firth J, Stubbs B, Sarris J, Rosenbaum S, Teasdale S, Berk M, et al. The effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on symptoms of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2017;47:1515-27.
52. Roffman JL, Lamberti JS, Achtyes E, Macklin EA, Galendez GC, Raeke LH, et al. Randomized multicenter investigation of folate plus vitamin B12 supplementation in schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2013;70:481-9.
53. el-Nakah A, Frank O, Louria DB, Quinones MA, Baker H. A vitamin profile of heroin addiction. Am J Public Health 1979;69:1058-60.
54. Cylwik B, Chrostek L. Disturbances of folic acid and homocysteine metabolism in alcohol abuse. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2011;30:295-9. [Abstract]
55. Orum MH, Kustepe A, Kara MZ, Dumlupinar E, Egilmez OB, Ozen ME, et al. Addiction profiles of patients with substance dependency living in Adiyaman province. Med Science 2018. Available from: https://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=283898

Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Mehmet Hamdi Örüm 0000-0002-4154-0738 Mahmut Zabit Kara Bu kişi benim Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez Bu kişi benim
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2018 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Örüm, M. H., Kara, M. Z., & Eğilmez, O. B. (2018). Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi, 4(2), 71-78.
AMA	Örüm MH, Kara MZ, Eğilmez OB. Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi. Haziran 2018;4(2):71-78.
Chicago	Örüm, Mehmet Hamdi, Mahmut Zabit Kara, ve Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez. “Determination of Vitamin B12, Folate, and Ferritin Levels of Inpatients in a Psychiatry Clinic: A One-Year Retrospective Study”. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi 4, sy. 2 (Haziran 2018): 71-78.
EndNote	Örüm MH, Kara MZ, Eğilmez OB (01 Haziran 2018) Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi 4 2 71–78.
IEEE	M. H. Örüm, M. Z. Kara, ve O. B. Eğilmez, “Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study”, İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 2, ss. 71–78, 2018.
ISNAD	Örüm, Mehmet Hamdi vd. “Determination of Vitamin B12, Folate, and Ferritin Levels of Inpatients in a Psychiatry Clinic: A One-Year Retrospective Study”. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi 4/2 (Haziran 2018), 71-78.
JAMA	Örüm MH, Kara MZ, Eğilmez OB. Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi. 2018;4:71–78.
MLA	Örüm, Mehmet Hamdi vd. “Determination of Vitamin B12, Folate, and Ferritin Levels of Inpatients in a Psychiatry Clinic: A One-Year Retrospective Study”. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 71-78.
Vancouver	Örüm MH, Kara MZ, Eğilmez OB. Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study. İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Tıp Dergisi. 2018;4(2):71-8.

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