Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A Review of the Meaning and Importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 15 - 25, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.962292

Öz

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), announced on the 10th of December 1948, was adopted by the UN General Assembly with the approval of 48 countries. The declaration, called the “Magna Carta of all humanity” by Eleanor Roosevelt, has gone through many difficulties from the day it was signed to the present day. Eventually, the declaration has made important contributions towards the universal acceptance, development, and protection of human rights. At present, the declaration continues to maintain its universality and importance in the same way. However, it is a matter of debate in what direction the existence of this declaration affects human rights. In this respect, this study examined why many people are suffering despite the presence of the UDHR. The first part of this study discussed the conceptual framework of human rights and examined the declarations that play an important role in the process leading to the proclamation of the Universal Declaration. Later, the study mentioned the role and importance of the UDHR and mentioned its contribution to developments in human rights as an inspiration for the new declarations that came after it. Finally, the study tried to explain the reason for the limited impact of the Universal Declaration by analyzing the adaptation process of the declaration and the difficulties it has experienced. In this context, it has been concluded that this declaration has a limited impact since the main reason for the continuation of human rights violations today is that the declaration is not binding, and sovereign states violate human rights. Nonetheless, it has been found that the declaration effectively has prevented significant human rights violations and gradually has increased its limited impact as a source of inspiration for new declarations and agreements.

Kaynakça

  • Birinci, G. (2017). İnsan Haklari Evrensel Bildirgesi’nin Kisa Tarihi I: Milletler Cemiyeti’nden Birleşmiş Milletler’e. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Sbe Dergisi, 7(2), 50-81.
  • Brown, G. (2016). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 21st Century. Open Book Publishers.
  • Burgers, J.H. (1992). The Road to San Francisco: The Revival of Human Rights Idea in the Twentieth Century, Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 447477.
  • Daban, C. (2019). Küresel İlişkiler Çağında İnsan Haklarının Önemi ve Tarihsel Gelişimi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 164-186.
  • Dang, H. (2000). State duty to inform and educate public opinion on human. Conscience, 94(1), 78-85.
  • Griffioen, C., & Law, E. P. (2010). Self-Determination as a Human Right. The Emergency Exit of Remedial Secession.
  • Hekimler, A. (2009). İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesinin Kabul Edilişinin 60. Yıldönümünde Taşıdığı Anlam ve Önemi. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 2009(1), 1-24.
  • Huntington, S. P. (2000). The clash of civilizations? In Culture and politics (pp. 99-118). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • M. L. Dockrill and Zara Steiner (1980). The Foreign Office at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The International History Review, 2(1), 55–86.
  • Morsink, J. (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: origins, drafting, and intent. university of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Normand R. & S. Zaidi (2008). Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Olivia B. Waxman (2019). 5 Things to Know About the League of Nations, Time, https://time.com/5507628/league-of-nations-history-legacy, last downloaded on 11/05/2020
  • Partington, J. S. (2007). Human Rights and Public Accountability in HG Wells’ Functional World State. In Cosmopolitics and the Emergence of a Future (pp. 163-190). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Ş. İlgü Özler (2018). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Seventy: Progress and Challenges, Ethics and International Affairs, https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2018/udhr-at-seventy-progress-and-challenges
  • Stamatopoulou, E. (1998). The Importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the Past and Future of the United Nation's Human Rights, Efforts. ILSA J. Int'l & Comp. L., 5, 281.
  • Tracy Doig and Shireen Mukadam (2016). South African must end torture now, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2016/06/south-african-must-end-torture-now/, last downloaded on 15/05/2021.
  • United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, Key concepts on ESCRs - Are economic, social and cultural rights fundamentally different from civil and political rights?, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/ESCR/Pages/AreESCRfundamentallydifferentfromcivilandpoliticalrights.aspx, last downloaded on 19/05/2020.
  • United Nations, The San Francisco Conference, https://www.un.org/en/about-us/history-of-the-un/san-francisco-conference, last downloaded on 13/06/2021.
  • United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights, last downloaded on 22.06.2021.
  • Von Bernstorff, J. (2008). The Changing Fortunes of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Genesis and Symbolic Dimensions of the Turn to Rights in International Law. European Journal of International Law, 19(5), 903–924.
  • Wells, H. G. (2015). The Rights of Man Or What We Are Fighting For? London: Penguin Books.
  • Yurtsever, S., & Hmaidan, F. M. (2019). From League Of Nations To The United Nations: What Is Next?. Journal Of International Social Research, 12(62), 449-466

İnsan Haklari Evrensel Bildirgesi’nin Anlam ve Önemine Yönelik Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 15 - 25, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.962292

Öz

10 Aralık 1948'de ilan edilen İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi (IHEB), 48 ülkenin onayı ile BM Genel Kurulu tarafından kabul edildi. Eleanor Roosevelt tarafından tüm insanlığın “Magna Carta’sı olarak” adlandırılan deklarasyon, imzalandığı günden günümüze kadar birçok zorluktan geçti. Neticede Deklarasyon, insan haklarının evrensel nitelikte kabulüne, geliştirilmesine ve korunmasına yönelik önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Günümüzde de, deklarasyon evrenselliğini ve önemini aynı şekilde korumaya devam etmektedir. Ancak, bu bildirgenin varlığının insan haklarını ne yönde etkilediği tartışma konusudur. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma IHEB’in varlığına rağmen neden insan hakları ihlallerinin devam ettiğini incelemiştir. Bu çalışmanın ilk kısmı insan hakları kavramsal çerçevesini ele almış ve Evrense Bildirge’nin ilanına giden süreçte önemli rol oynayan bildirgeleri incelemiştir. Daha sonrasında çalışma İHEB’in rolünden ve öneminden bahsederek, bildirgenin kendisinden sonra gelen yeni bildirgelere ilham kaynağı olarak insan haklarına yönelik gelişmelerdeki katkısından bahsetmiştir. Son olarak çalışma Evrensel Bildirge’nin sınırlı etkisinin nedenini bildirgenin adaptasyon sürecini ve yaşadığı zorlukları analiz ederek açıklamaya çalışmıştır. Bu bağlamda, günümüzde insan hakları ihlallerinin devam etmesinin temel nedeninin bildirgenin bağlayıcı olmaması ve egemen devletlerin insan haklarını ihlal etmesi nedeniyle bu bildirinin sınırlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak bildirgenin önemli ölçüde insan hakları ihlallerini engellemede etkili olduğu ve yeni gelen bildirgelere ve anlaşmalara ilham kaynağı olarak sınırlı etkisini giderek arttırdığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Birinci, G. (2017). İnsan Haklari Evrensel Bildirgesi’nin Kisa Tarihi I: Milletler Cemiyeti’nden Birleşmiş Milletler’e. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Sbe Dergisi, 7(2), 50-81.
  • Brown, G. (2016). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 21st Century. Open Book Publishers.
  • Burgers, J.H. (1992). The Road to San Francisco: The Revival of Human Rights Idea in the Twentieth Century, Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 447477.
  • Daban, C. (2019). Küresel İlişkiler Çağında İnsan Haklarının Önemi ve Tarihsel Gelişimi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 164-186.
  • Dang, H. (2000). State duty to inform and educate public opinion on human. Conscience, 94(1), 78-85.
  • Griffioen, C., & Law, E. P. (2010). Self-Determination as a Human Right. The Emergency Exit of Remedial Secession.
  • Hekimler, A. (2009). İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesinin Kabul Edilişinin 60. Yıldönümünde Taşıdığı Anlam ve Önemi. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 2009(1), 1-24.
  • Huntington, S. P. (2000). The clash of civilizations? In Culture and politics (pp. 99-118). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • M. L. Dockrill and Zara Steiner (1980). The Foreign Office at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The International History Review, 2(1), 55–86.
  • Morsink, J. (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: origins, drafting, and intent. university of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Normand R. & S. Zaidi (2008). Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Olivia B. Waxman (2019). 5 Things to Know About the League of Nations, Time, https://time.com/5507628/league-of-nations-history-legacy, last downloaded on 11/05/2020
  • Partington, J. S. (2007). Human Rights and Public Accountability in HG Wells’ Functional World State. In Cosmopolitics and the Emergence of a Future (pp. 163-190). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Ş. İlgü Özler (2018). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Seventy: Progress and Challenges, Ethics and International Affairs, https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2018/udhr-at-seventy-progress-and-challenges
  • Stamatopoulou, E. (1998). The Importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the Past and Future of the United Nation's Human Rights, Efforts. ILSA J. Int'l & Comp. L., 5, 281.
  • Tracy Doig and Shireen Mukadam (2016). South African must end torture now, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2016/06/south-african-must-end-torture-now/, last downloaded on 15/05/2021.
  • United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, Key concepts on ESCRs - Are economic, social and cultural rights fundamentally different from civil and political rights?, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/ESCR/Pages/AreESCRfundamentallydifferentfromcivilandpoliticalrights.aspx, last downloaded on 19/05/2020.
  • United Nations, The San Francisco Conference, https://www.un.org/en/about-us/history-of-the-un/san-francisco-conference, last downloaded on 13/06/2021.
  • United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights, last downloaded on 22.06.2021.
  • Von Bernstorff, J. (2008). The Changing Fortunes of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Genesis and Symbolic Dimensions of the Turn to Rights in International Law. European Journal of International Law, 19(5), 903–924.
  • Wells, H. G. (2015). The Rights of Man Or What We Are Fighting For? London: Penguin Books.
  • Yurtsever, S., & Hmaidan, F. M. (2019). From League Of Nations To The United Nations: What Is Next?. Journal Of International Social Research, 12(62), 449-466
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mustafa Burak Şener 0000-0002-6527-4649

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Şener, M. B. (2021). A Review of the Meaning and Importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(3), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.962292

Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi ücretsiz bir dergidir. Makalelerin başvuru ve yayınlanma sürecinde yazarlardan hiçbir ücret talep edilmemektedir.

Dergi internet üzerinden yayınlanmakta olan bir dergidir.

Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi aşağıdaki indeksler tarafından taranmaktadır;

ASOS, Academia Social Science Index

DOAJ, Directory of Open Access Journals

Index Copernicus

ResearchBib 

Citefactor