Kentsel Peyzaj Ekolojisinin Sürdürülebilirliği İçin Yenilikçi Bir Yaklaşım: Yeşil Altyapı ve Planlama Politikası

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 12, 218 - 245, 30.04.2014

Gülay Çetinkaya

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; kentsel peyzaj
ekolojisinin iyileştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir kentlerin oluşturulmasına önemli
katkısı olan yeşil altyapı sistemi ve ilgili planlama politikalarının
araştırılmasını içermektedir. Kentsel peyzaj ekolojisinin sürdürülebilirliği
kent sistemini oluşturan bileşenlerin ve fonksiyonların bütüncül yaklaşımlar
belirli ilkeler (ör. bağlantılılık) çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi ile
gerçekleştirilebilir. Bu nedenle, kentsel peyzajda öncelikli olarak yeşil
altyapı sistemi oluşturulmalıdır. Yeşil altyapı; doğal ekosistemlerin
fonksiyonlarını korumak ve bölge halkına çeşitli yararlar sunmak için stratejik
olarak planlanan ve yönetilen doğal, yarı-doğal, kamu ve özel mülkiyete ait ve
dış mekân rekreasyon alanlarının oluşturduğu ağı ifade eder. Yeşil altyapı
sisteminin bileşenleri (e.g. koridor) ile kentsel peyzajdaki doğal habitatlar,
yeşil koridorlar, açık ve yeşil alanlar birbiriyle ilişkilendirilir ve kentsel
peyzaj ekolojisinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlanır. Günümüzde Avrupa Birliği
(AB), İngiltere ve Amerika’da yeşil altyapı sisteminin amaç ve yararları
doğrultusunda birçok çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmektedir. Örneğin, Avrupa Birliği
Komisyonu 2014–2020 Bütçesinde çeşitli politika ve araçlara (ör. AB Tarım
Politikası) yeşil altyapı sisteminin entegrasyonunu desteklemiştir. Amerika ve
İngiltere’de ise farklı planlama ölçekleri arasında bir ilişkinin kurulmaması
özellikle sınır ötesi ve eyaletler arası (ör. Amerika’da) yeşil altyapı
planlama projelerinin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanmasında önemli bir engeldir. Bu
bağlamda, ulusal yeşil altyapı planlama stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç
vardır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

kentsel peyzaj, kentsel peyzaj ekolojisi, yeşil altyapı, yeşil koridorlar, ekolojik süreçler

An Innovative Approach for the Sustainability of Urban Landscape Ecology: Green Infrastructure and Relevant Planning Policy

Öz

The purpose of this study is to investigate green
infrastructure system and relevant planning policies that significantly
contribute to the improvement of urban landscape ecology and development of
sustainable cities. Sustainability of urban landscape ecology can be achieved
by integrating components and functions of the urban system in a holistic
approach within the framework of specific principles (e.g. connectivity).
Therefore, green infrastructure system should primarily be developed in urban
landscapes. Green infrastructure refers to the network of natural,
semi-natural, public, private and open green spaces, which is strategically
planned for conservation of ecosystem services and providing multi-functional
benefits for urban dwellers. Natural habitats, green corridors and open green
spaces are connected with each other by the components of green infrastructure
system (e.g. corridor) in urban landscape. This approach contributes to the
development of urban landscape ecology. Today, many studies about the functions
and benefits of green infrastructure system are carried out in the European
Union (EU), the United Kingdom and the United States. For example, Commission
of the European Union has supported the integration of green infrastructure system
into various policies and instruments (e.g. the EU Common Agricultural Policy)
within the framework of the 2014-2020 Budget. Although various policies and
instruments for the planning and implementation of green infrastructure system
exist in the United States and the United Kingdom, failure to establish a
relationship between different planning scales is a major obstacle especially
for development and implementation of cross-border and inter-state green
infrastructure projects. Within this context; development of the national green
infrastructure strategy is needed. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

urban landscape, urban landscape ecology, green infrastructure, green corridors, ecological processes

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