Determination of exchangeable cations and residual concentration of herbicide treated soils and analysis of the in-vitro biodegradation of the herbicides

Yıl 2020, , 49 - 63, 25.12.2020

Adewole Sebiomo

https://doi.org/10.38061/idunas.759008

Öz

This study determined the effect of Atrazine, Xtravest, Gramoxone and Glyphosate on exchangeable cations and also analysed the in-vitro biodegradation of this herbicides as well as assayed for their residual concentration in soils. Exchangeable Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+and Zn+ were analysed in atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Utilisation of herbicides was determined using the method of Moneke, while herbicide degradation and residual concentration of herbicide were analysed using Gas Chromatography. K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ declined while Fe2+ and Zn+ accumulated significantly. Bacteria and fungi significantly utilised herbicides as carbon source via increases in bacterial counts, optical density, fungal counts and fungal dry weights. Herbicides were significantly degraded by bacteria and fungi. Bacteria degraded herbicides faster compared to fungi. The lowest herbicide concentration of 118.55 ppm was obtained from atrazine inoculated with bacteria, while the highest herbicide concentration of 449.23 ppm was obtained from xtravest inoculated with fungi. Residual concentration of herbicides increased significantly (P<0.024). Bacteria and fungi such as: B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, P. florescences, P. putida, Actinomyces viscous, A. niger, A. tamarii, F. oxysporum, and P. chrysogenum were isolated in all the herbicide treated soils. Continuous herbicide treatment should be avoided because of their ability to persist in soils hence limiting essential nutrients available to plants. Indigenous microorganisms can be employed to remediate soils polluted by herbicides.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bacteria, Fungi, Herbicide, Concentration, Incubation

Kaynakça

• Abah, J., Akan, J.C., Uwah, E.I., Ogugbuaja, V.O. (2007). Determination of some anions levels in some tubers grown in Benue State, Nigeria. Trend in Applied Science Research, 3(2), 196-202.
• Abah, J.A., Abdulrahaman, F.I., Ndahi, N.P. (2012). Study of the effects of chemical fertilizers and herbicides on the levels of some heavy metals and anions in soils and corn (Zea mays) growth in selected parts of Benue state, Nigeria. Journal of Physical Sciences and Innovation, 4, 62-72.
• Ayanthi, N., Priyantha, N., and Rodrigo, U (2008). Analytical Methods for the Investigation of Reactivity of Propanil. J.of National Science Foundation, 36(3), 199-203.
• Benzon, H.R.L., Rubenecia, M.R.U., Ultra, V.U., Lee, S.C. (2015). Chemical and Biological Properties of Paddy Soil Treated with Herbicides and Pyroligneous Acid. Journal of Agricultural Science 7: 1-10.
• Blakemore, L.C., Searle, P.L., Daly, B.K. (1987). Methods for chemical analysis of soils. N.Z. Soil Bureau Sci. Rep. 80. Soil Bureau, Lower Hutt.
• Blasioli, S., Braschi, I., Gessa, C.E. (2011). The fate of herbicides in soil: In Herbicides and the environment pp. 175-194. www.intechopen.com/download/pdf/pdfs_id/12586.
• Chauhan, A.K. Das, A., Kharkwal, H., Kharkwal, A.C., Varma, A. (2006). Impact of microorganisms on environment and health, in A.K. Chauhan and A. Varma ed., Microbes: Health and environment.
• Cheesbrough, M. (1984). Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries. Microbiology. Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford. Vol.11.
• Cucci, G., Lacolla, G., Crecchio, C., Pascazio, S., Giorgio, D.D. (2015). Impact of long term soil management practices on the fertility and weed flora of an almond orchard. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 39,1-9.
• De-Lorenzo M. N., M., Domiguez A., Moldes D., Cameselle C., Sanroman, A. (2001). Enhanced ligninolytic enzyme production and degrading capability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 19, 665-669.
• Ferrey, M.L., Koskinen, W.C., Blanchette, R.A., Burnes, T.A. (1994). Mineralisation of Alachlor by lignin-degrading fungi. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 40 (9), 795-798.
• Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation (1976). List of maximum levels recommended for contaminants by joint FAO/WHO codex alimentary commission, 2nd series. CAC/FAI, Rome 3. Pp. 1-8.
• Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T., Williams, S.T. (1994). Bergye’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 9th Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• Jilani, S., Khan, M.A. (2004). Isolation, characterisation and growth response of pesticide degrading bacteria. J. Biological Sci., 4, 15-20
• Maynard, E. (2000) Heavy metal contamination in soils of urban highways, Cincinati, Ohio. Journal of Water and Soil Pollution, 133, 293-314.
• Moneke, A.N., Okpala, G.N., Anyanwu, C.U. (2010). Biodegradation of glyphosate herbicide in vitro using bacterial isolates from four rice fields. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (26), 4067-4074.
• Moreno, J.L., Aliaga, A., Navarro, S., Hernandez, T., Garcia, C. (2007). Effect of atrazine on microbial activity in semiarid soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 35, 120-127.
• Ozturk, L., Yazici, A., Eker, S., Gokmen, O., Roemheld, V., Cakmak, I. (2008). Glyphosate inhibition of ferric reductase activity in iron deficient sunflower roots. New Phytology, 177, 899-906.
• Shaner, D., Henry, W.F. (2007). Field history and dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor in Colorado. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36, 128-134. Souza, J. B. G., Re-Poppi, N., Raposo Jr., J. L. (2012). Characterization of pyroligneous acid used in Agriculture by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J. Brazil. Chem. Soc., 23(4), 610-617.
• Trimurtulu, N., Ashok, S., Latha, V., Subramanyeswara R.A. (2015). Influence of Pre-Emergence Herbicides on the Soil Microflora during the Crop growth of Blackgram, Vigna mungo.L. Int .J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 4(6), 539-546
• Tripathi, S.K., Sumida, A., Ono, K., Shibata, H., Uemura, S., Kodama, Y., Hara, T. (2006). Leaf litter fall and decomposition of different above-and below ground parts of birch (Betula ermanii) tree and dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis) shrub in a young secondary forest of Northern Japan, Biol. Fertil. Soils., 43, 237-246.
• United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (1972, 1982). Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. Soil Survey Investigations Report no. 1. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.