CONSUMER SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN THE METAVERSE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 111 - 130, 27.06.2024
Kadir Özdemir
,
Ömer Faruk Çelebi
,
Ramazan Nacar
Öz
The metaverse, one of today's most groundbreaking innovations, offers important opportunities for our future in many areas. However, these opportunities bring with them some critical threats. Security and privacy in the metaverse are among the most current threats that researchers focus on. This study aims to provide a more concrete view of the studies on security and privacy research in the metaverse in the WOS and SCOPUS databases by using bibliometric techniques. In addition, this study assesses the effects of the existing literature and offers a series of suggestions regarding measures that can be taken to protect privacy and security. In the study, 86 studies published in 64 different sources between 2018 and 2024 are analyzed in terms of scientific performance with different bibliometric techniques. According to the prominent findings of the study, it is understood that the highest number of scientific publications were published in 2023; each publication received an average of 17 citations; single-author studies constitute 25% of all studies; and the most publications were published in the Journal of Metaverse. It is thought that the results revealed in this study and the suggested coping strategies regarding privacy and security will contribute to future studies.
Kaynakça
- Abbate, S., Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., Oropallo, E., & Riccio, E. (2022). A first bibliometric literature review on Metaverse. In 2022 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON EUROPE), 254-260, IEEE.
- Aks, S. M. Y., Karmila, M., Givan, B., Hendratna, G., Setiawan, H. S., Putra, A. S., ... & Herawaty, M. T. (2022). A Review of Blockchain for Security Data Privacy with Metaverse. In 2022 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS), 1-5, IEEE.
- Albahri, O. S., & AlAmoodi, A. H. (2023). Navigating the Metaverse of Big Data: A Bibliometric Journey. Mesopotamian Journal of Big Data, 92-106.
- Almeida, V., Filgueiras, F., & Doneda, D. (2021). The ecosystem of digital content governance. IEEE Internet Computing, 25(3), 13-17.
- Anshari, M., Syafrudin, M., Fitriyani, N. L., & Razzaq, A. (2022). Ethical Responsibility and Sustainability (ERS) Development in a Metaverse Business Model. Sustainability, 14(23), 15805.
- Awadallah, A. M., Damiani, E., Zemerly, J., & Yeun, C. Y. (2023). Identity Threats in the Metaverse and Future Research Opportunities. In 2023 International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS) 1-6, IEEE.
- Azzaoui, A. E., Kim, T. W., Pan, Y., & Park, J. H. (2021). A quantum approximate optimization algorithm based on blockchain heuristic approach for scalable and secure smart logistics systems. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 11(1).
- Benjamins, R., Rubio Viñuela, Y., & Alonso, C. (2023). Social and ethical challenges of the metaverse: Opening the debate. AI and Ethics, 1-9.
- Bızel, G. (2023). A bibliometric analysis: Metaverse in education concept. Journal of Metaverse, 3(2), 133-143.
- Bibri, S. E., Allam, Z., & Krogstie, J. (2022). The Metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart urbanism: platformization and its underlying processes, institutional dimensions, and disruptive impacts. Computational Urban Science, 2(1), 24.
- Bibri, S. E., & Allam, Z. (2022). The Metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart cities: The ethics of the hyper-connectivity, datafication, algorithmization, and platformization of urban society. Computational Urban Science, 2(1), 22.
- Buhalis, D., Leung, D., & Lin, M. (2023). Metaverse as a disruptive technology revolutionising tourism management and marketing. Tourism Management, 97, 104724.
- Chen, D., & Zhang, R. (2022). Exploring research trends of emerging technologies in health metaverse: A bibliometric analysis. SSRN, 1-32.
- Choi, M., Azzaoui, A. E., Singh, S. K., Salim, M. M., Jeremiah, S. R., & Park, J. H. (2022). The Future of Metaverse: Security Issues, Requirements, and Solutions. Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences, 12.
- Chow, Y. W., Susilo, W., Li, Y., Li, N., & Nguyen, C. (2022). Visualization and Cybersecurity in the Metaverse: A Survey. Journal of Imaging, 9(1), 11.
- Chukwunonso, A. G., Njoku, J. N., Lee, J. M., & Kim, D. S. (2022). Security in metaverse: a closer look. In Proceedings of the Korean Telecommunications Society Conference, Seoul, South Korea, 9-11.
- Damar, M. (2021). Metaverse shape of your life for future: A bibliometric snapshot. Journal of Metaverse, 1(1), 1-8.
- De Haas, E., Yiming, H., Bermejo, C., Lin, Z., Hui, P., & Lee, L. H. (2023). Towards Trustworthy Augmented Reality in The Metaverse Era: Probing Manipulative Designs in Virtual-Physical Commercial Platforms. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), 779-780. IEEE.
- Deloitte, (2022). The Metaverse Overview Vision, Technology, and Tactics. https://www2.deloitte.com/cn/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/metaverse-report.html. Date of Access: 08.12.2023.
- Di Pietro, R., & Cresci, S. (2021). Metaverse: security and privacy issues. In 2021 Third IEEE International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Intelligent Systems and Applications (TPS-ISA), 281-288, IEEE.
- Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 133, 285-296.
- Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., ... & Wamba, S. F. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542.
- Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Wang, Y., Alalwan, A. A., Ahn, S. J., Balakrishnan, J., ... & Wirtz, J. (2023). Metaverse marketing: How the metaverse will shape the future of consumer research and practice. Psychology & Marketing, 40(4), 750-776.
- Ellegaard, O., & Wallin, J. A. (2015). The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact?. Scientometrics, 105, 1809-1831.
- Falchuk, B., Loeb, S., & Neff, R. (2018). The social metaverse: Battle for privacy. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 37(2), 52-61.
- Far, S. B., & Rad, A. I. (2022). Applying digital twins in metaverse: User interface, security and privacy challenges. Journal of Metaverse, 2(1), 8-15.
- Feng, X., Wang, X., & Su, Y. (2022). An analysis of the current status of metaverse research based on bibliometrics. Library Hi Tech.
- Fernandez, C. B., & Hui, P. (2022). Life, the Metaverse and everything: An overview of privacy, ethics, and governance in Metaverse. In 2022 IEEE 42nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW), 272-277, IEEE.
- Fishwick, C. (2014). Facebook’s secret mood experiment: have you lost trust in the social network?. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/poll/2014/jun/30/facebook-secret-mood-experiment-social-network. Date of access: 12.06.2023.
- Gartner, (2023). Top Strategic Technology Trends 2023.
https://emtemp.gcom.cloud/ngw/globalassets/en/publications/documents/2023-gartner-top-strategic-technology-trends-ebook.pdf. Date of Access: 10.12.2023.
- Gupta, A., Khan, H. U., Nazir, S., Shafiq, M., & Shabaz, M. (2023). Metaverse Security: Issues, Challenges and a Viable ZTA Model. Electronics, 12(2), 391.
- Gursoy, D., Malodia, S., & Dhir, A. (2022). The metaverse in the hospitality and tourism industry: An overview of current trends and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(5), 527-534.
- Hollensen, S., Kotler, P., & Opresnik, M. O. (2022). Metaverse–the new marketing universe. Journal of Business Strategy, 44(3), 119-125.
- Huang, Y., Li, Y. J., & Cai, Z. (2023). Security and privacy in metaverse: A comprehensive survey. Big Data Mining and Analytics, 6(2), 234-247.
- Huynh-The, T., Pham, Q. V., Pham, X. Q., Nguyen, T. T., Han, Z., & Kim, D. S. (2023). Artificial intelligence for the metaverse: A survey. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 117, 105581.
- Jeon, H. J., Youn, H. C., Ko, S. M., & Kim, T. H. (2022). Blockchain and AI Meet in the Metaverse. Advances in the Convergence of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, 73(10.5772).
- Kang, G., Koo, J., & Kim, Y. G. (2023). Security and Privacy Requirements for the Metaverse: A Metaverse Applications Perspective, IEEE Communications Magazine.
- Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., & Graepel, T. (2013). Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15), 5802-5805.
- Li, M., Weng, J., Liu, J. N., Lin, X., & Obimbo, C. (2021). Toward vehicular digital forensics from decentralized trust: An accountable, privacy-preserving, and secure realization. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(9), 7009-7024.
- Meyer, R. (2014). Everything We Know About Facebook’s Secret Mood-Manipulation Experiment. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/everything-we-know-about-facebooks-secret-mood-manipulation-experiment/373648/. Date of access: 12.06.2023.
- Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486-497.
- Nelson, W. (2023). Navigating state data privacy laws: A guide for SEC-registered investment advisers. Journal of Financial Compliance, 6(3), 281-290.
- Park, S., & Kim, S. (2022). Identifying world types to deliver gameful experiences for sustainable learning in the metaverse. Sustainability, 14(3), 1361.
- Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S. (2021). Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR). International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45 (4), 1-16.
- Pooyandeh, M., Han, K. J., & Sohn, I. (2022). Cybersecurity in the AI-Based Metaverse: A Survey. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12993.
- Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., & Treiblmaier, H. (2023). Mapping Metaverse Research: Identifying Future Research Areas Based on Bibliometric and Topic Modeling Techniques. Information, 14(7), 356.
- Ryu, J., Son, S., Lee, J., Park, Y., & Park, Y. (2022). Design of secure mutual authentication scheme for metaverse environments using blockchain. IEEE Access, 10, 98944-98958.
- Salahdine, F., & Kaabouch, N. (2019). Social engineering attacks: A survey. Future Internet, 11(4), 89.
- Shen, J., Zhou, X., Wu, W., Wang, L., & Chen, Z. (2023). Worldwide Overview and Country Differences in Metaverse Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 15(4), 3541.
- Smaili, N., & de Rancourt-Raymond, A. (2022). Metaverse: welcome to the new fraud marketplace. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(1), 188-200.
- Strategic Market Research, (2022). Metaverse: A New Digital World (Statistics & Facts). https://www.strategicmarketresearch.com/blogs/metaverse-statistics. Date of Access: 09.12.2023.
- Stephenson, N. (1992). Snow crash. Penguin Books.
- Vladimirov, I., Nenova, M., Nikolova, D., & Terneva, Z. (2022). Security and Privacy Protection Obstacles with 3D Reconstructed Models of People in Applications and the Metaverse: A Survey. In 2022 57th International Scientific Conference on Information, Communication and Energy Systems and Technologies (ICEST), 1-4, IEEE.
- Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(1), 319-352.
- Weinberger, M. (2022). What Is Metaverse? - A Definition Based on Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. Future Internet, 14(11), 310.
- Wider, W., Jiang, L., Lin, J., Fauzi, M. A., Li, J., & Chan, C. K. (2023). Metaverse chronicles: a bibliometric analysis of its evolving landscape. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-14.
- Zhao, R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Lan, R., & Hua, Z. (2022). Metaverse: Security and privacy concerns. Journal of Metaverse, 3(2), 93-99.
METAVERSE'TE TÜKETİCİ GÜVENLİĞİ VE GİZLİLİĞİ: BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 111 - 130, 27.06.2024
Kadir Özdemir
,
Ömer Faruk Çelebi
,
Ramazan Nacar
Öz
Günümüzün en çığır açıcı yeniliklerinden Metaverse, geleceğimiz için pek çok alanda önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Ancak bu fırsatlar bazı kritik tehditleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Metaverse’te güvenlik ve gizlilik araştırmacıların odaklandığı en güncel tehditler arasındadır. Bu çalışma WOS ve SCOPUS veri tabanlarında Metaverse’te Güvenlik ve Gizlilik araştırmalarına ilişkin çalışmaları bibliyometrik teknikleri kullanarak daha somut bir bakış sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma bir yandan mevcut literatürün etkinliğini değerlendirirken diğer yandan gizlilik ve güvenliğe karşı alınabilecek önlemlere ilişkin bir dizi öneriler sunmaktadır. Çalışmada 2018-2024 yılları arasında 64 farklı kaynakta yayınlanan 86 çalışma farklı bibliyometrik teknikler ile bilimsel performans bakımından analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmanın öne çıkan sonuçlarına göre en fazla bilimsel yayının 2023 yılında üretildiği, her bir yayının ortalama 17 atıf aldığı, tek yazarlı çalışmaların tüm çalışmaların %25’ini oluşturduğu ve en fazla yayının Journal of Metaverse dergisinde yayınlandığı görülmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Abbate, S., Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., Oropallo, E., & Riccio, E. (2022). A first bibliometric literature review on Metaverse. In 2022 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON EUROPE), 254-260, IEEE.
- Aks, S. M. Y., Karmila, M., Givan, B., Hendratna, G., Setiawan, H. S., Putra, A. S., ... & Herawaty, M. T. (2022). A Review of Blockchain for Security Data Privacy with Metaverse. In 2022 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS), 1-5, IEEE.
- Albahri, O. S., & AlAmoodi, A. H. (2023). Navigating the Metaverse of Big Data: A Bibliometric Journey. Mesopotamian Journal of Big Data, 92-106.
- Almeida, V., Filgueiras, F., & Doneda, D. (2021). The ecosystem of digital content governance. IEEE Internet Computing, 25(3), 13-17.
- Anshari, M., Syafrudin, M., Fitriyani, N. L., & Razzaq, A. (2022). Ethical Responsibility and Sustainability (ERS) Development in a Metaverse Business Model. Sustainability, 14(23), 15805.
- Awadallah, A. M., Damiani, E., Zemerly, J., & Yeun, C. Y. (2023). Identity Threats in the Metaverse and Future Research Opportunities. In 2023 International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS) 1-6, IEEE.
- Azzaoui, A. E., Kim, T. W., Pan, Y., & Park, J. H. (2021). A quantum approximate optimization algorithm based on blockchain heuristic approach for scalable and secure smart logistics systems. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 11(1).
- Benjamins, R., Rubio Viñuela, Y., & Alonso, C. (2023). Social and ethical challenges of the metaverse: Opening the debate. AI and Ethics, 1-9.
- Bızel, G. (2023). A bibliometric analysis: Metaverse in education concept. Journal of Metaverse, 3(2), 133-143.
- Bibri, S. E., Allam, Z., & Krogstie, J. (2022). The Metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart urbanism: platformization and its underlying processes, institutional dimensions, and disruptive impacts. Computational Urban Science, 2(1), 24.
- Bibri, S. E., & Allam, Z. (2022). The Metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart cities: The ethics of the hyper-connectivity, datafication, algorithmization, and platformization of urban society. Computational Urban Science, 2(1), 22.
- Buhalis, D., Leung, D., & Lin, M. (2023). Metaverse as a disruptive technology revolutionising tourism management and marketing. Tourism Management, 97, 104724.
- Chen, D., & Zhang, R. (2022). Exploring research trends of emerging technologies in health metaverse: A bibliometric analysis. SSRN, 1-32.
- Choi, M., Azzaoui, A. E., Singh, S. K., Salim, M. M., Jeremiah, S. R., & Park, J. H. (2022). The Future of Metaverse: Security Issues, Requirements, and Solutions. Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences, 12.
- Chow, Y. W., Susilo, W., Li, Y., Li, N., & Nguyen, C. (2022). Visualization and Cybersecurity in the Metaverse: A Survey. Journal of Imaging, 9(1), 11.
- Chukwunonso, A. G., Njoku, J. N., Lee, J. M., & Kim, D. S. (2022). Security in metaverse: a closer look. In Proceedings of the Korean Telecommunications Society Conference, Seoul, South Korea, 9-11.
- Damar, M. (2021). Metaverse shape of your life for future: A bibliometric snapshot. Journal of Metaverse, 1(1), 1-8.
- De Haas, E., Yiming, H., Bermejo, C., Lin, Z., Hui, P., & Lee, L. H. (2023). Towards Trustworthy Augmented Reality in The Metaverse Era: Probing Manipulative Designs in Virtual-Physical Commercial Platforms. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), 779-780. IEEE.
- Deloitte, (2022). The Metaverse Overview Vision, Technology, and Tactics. https://www2.deloitte.com/cn/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/metaverse-report.html. Date of Access: 08.12.2023.
- Di Pietro, R., & Cresci, S. (2021). Metaverse: security and privacy issues. In 2021 Third IEEE International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Intelligent Systems and Applications (TPS-ISA), 281-288, IEEE.
- Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 133, 285-296.
- Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., ... & Wamba, S. F. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542.
- Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Wang, Y., Alalwan, A. A., Ahn, S. J., Balakrishnan, J., ... & Wirtz, J. (2023). Metaverse marketing: How the metaverse will shape the future of consumer research and practice. Psychology & Marketing, 40(4), 750-776.
- Ellegaard, O., & Wallin, J. A. (2015). The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact?. Scientometrics, 105, 1809-1831.
- Falchuk, B., Loeb, S., & Neff, R. (2018). The social metaverse: Battle for privacy. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 37(2), 52-61.
- Far, S. B., & Rad, A. I. (2022). Applying digital twins in metaverse: User interface, security and privacy challenges. Journal of Metaverse, 2(1), 8-15.
- Feng, X., Wang, X., & Su, Y. (2022). An analysis of the current status of metaverse research based on bibliometrics. Library Hi Tech.
- Fernandez, C. B., & Hui, P. (2022). Life, the Metaverse and everything: An overview of privacy, ethics, and governance in Metaverse. In 2022 IEEE 42nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW), 272-277, IEEE.
- Fishwick, C. (2014). Facebook’s secret mood experiment: have you lost trust in the social network?. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/poll/2014/jun/30/facebook-secret-mood-experiment-social-network. Date of access: 12.06.2023.
- Gartner, (2023). Top Strategic Technology Trends 2023.
https://emtemp.gcom.cloud/ngw/globalassets/en/publications/documents/2023-gartner-top-strategic-technology-trends-ebook.pdf. Date of Access: 10.12.2023.
- Gupta, A., Khan, H. U., Nazir, S., Shafiq, M., & Shabaz, M. (2023). Metaverse Security: Issues, Challenges and a Viable ZTA Model. Electronics, 12(2), 391.
- Gursoy, D., Malodia, S., & Dhir, A. (2022). The metaverse in the hospitality and tourism industry: An overview of current trends and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(5), 527-534.
- Hollensen, S., Kotler, P., & Opresnik, M. O. (2022). Metaverse–the new marketing universe. Journal of Business Strategy, 44(3), 119-125.
- Huang, Y., Li, Y. J., & Cai, Z. (2023). Security and privacy in metaverse: A comprehensive survey. Big Data Mining and Analytics, 6(2), 234-247.
- Huynh-The, T., Pham, Q. V., Pham, X. Q., Nguyen, T. T., Han, Z., & Kim, D. S. (2023). Artificial intelligence for the metaverse: A survey. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 117, 105581.
- Jeon, H. J., Youn, H. C., Ko, S. M., & Kim, T. H. (2022). Blockchain and AI Meet in the Metaverse. Advances in the Convergence of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, 73(10.5772).
- Kang, G., Koo, J., & Kim, Y. G. (2023). Security and Privacy Requirements for the Metaverse: A Metaverse Applications Perspective, IEEE Communications Magazine.
- Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., & Graepel, T. (2013). Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15), 5802-5805.
- Li, M., Weng, J., Liu, J. N., Lin, X., & Obimbo, C. (2021). Toward vehicular digital forensics from decentralized trust: An accountable, privacy-preserving, and secure realization. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(9), 7009-7024.
- Meyer, R. (2014). Everything We Know About Facebook’s Secret Mood-Manipulation Experiment. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/everything-we-know-about-facebooks-secret-mood-manipulation-experiment/373648/. Date of access: 12.06.2023.
- Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486-497.
- Nelson, W. (2023). Navigating state data privacy laws: A guide for SEC-registered investment advisers. Journal of Financial Compliance, 6(3), 281-290.
- Park, S., & Kim, S. (2022). Identifying world types to deliver gameful experiences for sustainable learning in the metaverse. Sustainability, 14(3), 1361.
- Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S. (2021). Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR). International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45 (4), 1-16.
- Pooyandeh, M., Han, K. J., & Sohn, I. (2022). Cybersecurity in the AI-Based Metaverse: A Survey. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12993.
- Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., & Treiblmaier, H. (2023). Mapping Metaverse Research: Identifying Future Research Areas Based on Bibliometric and Topic Modeling Techniques. Information, 14(7), 356.
- Ryu, J., Son, S., Lee, J., Park, Y., & Park, Y. (2022). Design of secure mutual authentication scheme for metaverse environments using blockchain. IEEE Access, 10, 98944-98958.
- Salahdine, F., & Kaabouch, N. (2019). Social engineering attacks: A survey. Future Internet, 11(4), 89.
- Shen, J., Zhou, X., Wu, W., Wang, L., & Chen, Z. (2023). Worldwide Overview and Country Differences in Metaverse Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 15(4), 3541.
- Smaili, N., & de Rancourt-Raymond, A. (2022). Metaverse: welcome to the new fraud marketplace. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(1), 188-200.
- Strategic Market Research, (2022). Metaverse: A New Digital World (Statistics & Facts). https://www.strategicmarketresearch.com/blogs/metaverse-statistics. Date of Access: 09.12.2023.
- Stephenson, N. (1992). Snow crash. Penguin Books.
- Vladimirov, I., Nenova, M., Nikolova, D., & Terneva, Z. (2022). Security and Privacy Protection Obstacles with 3D Reconstructed Models of People in Applications and the Metaverse: A Survey. In 2022 57th International Scientific Conference on Information, Communication and Energy Systems and Technologies (ICEST), 1-4, IEEE.
- Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(1), 319-352.
- Weinberger, M. (2022). What Is Metaverse? - A Definition Based on Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. Future Internet, 14(11), 310.
- Wider, W., Jiang, L., Lin, J., Fauzi, M. A., Li, J., & Chan, C. K. (2023). Metaverse chronicles: a bibliometric analysis of its evolving landscape. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-14.
- Zhao, R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Lan, R., & Hua, Z. (2022). Metaverse: Security and privacy concerns. Journal of Metaverse, 3(2), 93-99.