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Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Siber Dedikoduya Verilen Tepkilere Yönelik Değerlendirmelerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 308 - 320
https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.1367892

Öz

Amaç: Gençlerin zamanlarının önemli bir bölümünü sanal ortamlarda geçirmesiyle birlikte siber zorbalık konusundaki çalışmalar artmaktadır ancak zorbalığın bir boyutu olan siber dedikodu araştırmalara konu olmamıştır. Bu amaçla mevcut araştırmada, gençlerin siber dedikoduya verilen tepkilere yönelik değerlendirmeleri incelenmiştir.
Yöntem: Çalışmada 10-16 yaşlarındaki 148 katılımcı yer almıştır. Katılımcılara beşi özel sohbet, beşi topluluk içinde gerçekleşen sohbet olmak üzere 10 kısa hikâye okunmuş; ardından siber dedikodu yapan kişiye verilen tepkilerin uygunluğu ve etkililiğine ilişkin sorular yöneltilmiştir.
Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda hem özel hem de topluluk içinde gerçekleşen sohbet ortamında yapılan siber dedikoduya verilen olumlu müdahale tepkisinin ahlaki açıdan en uygun ve en etkili tepki olduğu bulunmuştur. Buna karşın, hem özel hem de topluluk içinde gerçekleşen sohbet ortamında yapılan siber dedikoduyu “destekleme” tepkisinin katılımcılar tarafından en az uygun görülen ve en az etkili yöntem olduğu sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır.
Sonuçlar: Her ne kadar örneklemin genellenebilirliği noktasında sınırlılıklar barındırsa da bu araştırma ile siber dedikoduya yönelik Türkiye’deki ilk uygulamalar gerçekleştirilmiş ve literatürdeki bulgular doğrultusunda yorumlanmıştır.

Etik Beyan

Araştırmanın etik izinleri Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Etik Kurulundan alınmıştır (sayı: 2023/057). Katılımcıların ebeveynlerine çalışma hakkında bilgi verilerek onamları alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Teşekkür

Veri toplama aşamasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Psikoloji Bölümü öğrencileri Melek Erdoğan, Ahsen Kızılyer, Nursena Çakır ve Fatma Çıracı'ya teşekkürlerimle.

Kaynakça

  • AKDUMAN, G. G. (2010). 7-14 yaş grubu çocuklarda akran istismarı ve kendi çözüm önerileri. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 3(2), 13-26.
  • BARLIŃSKA, J., SZUSTER, A., & WINIEWSKI, M. (2013). Cyberbullying among adolescent bystanders: Role of the communication medium, form of violence, and empathy. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 23(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2137
  • BAUMEISTER, R. F., & BUSHMAN, B. J. (2014). Social psychology and human nature. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • BAUMEISTER, R. F., ZHANG, L., & VOHS, K. D. (2004). Gossip as cultural learning. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.111
  • BJÖRKQVIST, K., LAGERSPETZ, K. M., & KAUKIAINEN, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 18(2), 117-127.
  • BOSTAN, T., BOSTAN, A., SARPKAYA, S., & YABACI, A. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık düzeyleri ve siber zorbalığa karşı verdikleri tepkilerin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Premium e-Journal of Social Sciences (PEJOSS), 4(9), 321-332.
  • BOYACI, M. & ERSEVER, O. G. (2017). Hoşgörü eğilimi geliştirme programının 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin hoşgörü ve zorbalık düzeylerine etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 42(189), 167-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2017.6802
  • CAIVANO, O. & TALWAR, V. (2023). Receiving cybergossip: Adolescents’ attitudes and feelings towards responses. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 10, 100297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100297
  • CEBOLLERO-SALINAS, A., OREJUDO, S., CANO-ESCORIAZA, J., & ÍÑIGUEZ-BERROZPE, T. (2022). Cybergossip and problematic Internet use in cyberaggression and cybervictimisation among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, 107230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107230
  • ENGELMANN, J. M., HERRMANN, E., & TOMASELLO, M. (2016). Preschoolers affect others’ reputations through prosocial gossip. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 447-460. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12143
  • DIRKS, M. A., TREAT, T. A., & WEERSING, V. R. (2007). The situation specificity of youth responses to peer provocation. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 36(4), 621–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701662758
  • ESTHER C., & IZASKUN, O. (2012). The role of emotion regulation in the predictive association between social information processing and aggressive behavior in adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 36(5), 338–347.
  • FALLA, D., ORTEGA-RUIZ, R., & ROMERA, E. M. (2021). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the transition from cybergossip to cyberaggression: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031000
  • FOSTER, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78-99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.78
  • GABRIELS, K., & DE BACKER, C. J. (2016). Virtual gossip: How gossip regulates moral life in virtual worlds. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 683-693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.065
  • GARCÍA-FERNÁNDEZ, C. M., MORENO-MOYA, M., ORTEGA-RUIZ, R., & ROMERA, E. M. (2022). Adolescent involvement in cybergossip: Influence on social adjustment, bullying and cyberbullying. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 25, e6. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2022.3
  • GOFFMAN, E. (2009). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (Barış C., Çev.). Metis Yayınları.
  • GOTTMAN, J. M., & METTETAL, G. (1986). Speculations about social and affective development: Friendship and acquaintanceship through adolescence. In J. M. Gottman & J. G. Parker (Eds.), Conversations of friends: Speculations on affective development (pp. 192-240). Cambridge University Press.
  • GÖKKAYA, F., & SÜTCÜ, S. T. (2018). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde zorbalık eğilimini azaltmaya yönelik bilişsel davranışçı bir müdahale programının geliştirilmesi ve etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 43(193), 91-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2018.6731
  • GRASSETTI, S. N., HUBBARD, J. A., SMITH, M. A., BOOKHOUT, M. K., SWIFT, L. E., & GAWRYSIAK, M. J. (2018). Caregivers’ advice and children’s bystander behaviors during bullying incidents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(1), 329–S340. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1295381
  • HASHMI, S. D., KHAN, K., ULLAH, I., GULZAR, S., & HAIDER, A. (2019). Religion can change intentions: Interactive effect of abusive supervision and Islamic work ethics on workplace gossip. Journal of Islamic Business and Management (JIBM), 9(1), 160-175. https://doi.org/10.26501/jibm/2019.0901-011
  • HUANG Y., & CHOU C. (2010). An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1581–1590.
  • INGRAM, G. P. D. (2019). Gossip and reputation in childhood. In F. Giardini & R. Wittek (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation (pp. 131–151). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190494087.013.8
  • LANSFORD J. E., SKINNER A. T., SORBRING E., GIUNTA L. D., DEATER-DECKARD K., & DODGE K. A. (2012). Boys’ and girls’ relational and physical aggression in nine countries. Aggressive Behavior, 38(4), 298–308.
  • LÓPEZ-CASTRO, L., & PRIEGUE, D. (2019). Influence of family variables on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: A systematic literature review. Social Sciences, 8(3), 98-113. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030098
  • KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Ç. (2000). Kültürel psikoloji: Kültür bağlamında insan ve aile. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
  • KISFALUSI, D., TAKÁCS, K., & PÁL, J. (2019). Gossip and reputation in adolescent networks. In F. Giardini & R. Wittek (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation (pp. 358– 379). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190494087.013.19
  • MARKUS, H. R., & KITAYAMA, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
  • MCDONALD, K. L., PUTALLAZ, M., GRIMES, C. L., KUPERSMIDT, J. B., & COIE, J. D. (2007). Girl talk: Gossip, friendship, and sociometric status. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53(3), 381–411. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2007.0017
  • MOXEY, N., & BUSSEY, K. (2020). Styles of bystander intervention in cyberbullying incidents. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 2(1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380- 019-00039-1
  • NESI, J., CHOUKAS-BRADLEY, S., & PRINSTEIN, M. J. (2018). Transformation of adolescent peer relations in the social media context: Part 1—A theoretical framework and application to dyadic peer relationships. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 267–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0261-x
  • PATCHIN, J. W., & HINDUJA, S. (2015). Measuring cyberbullying: Implications for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.013
  • PEKER, A. VE İSKENDER, M. (2015). İnsani değerler yönelimli psiko-eğitim programının siber zorbalık üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(1), 11-22.
  • ROMERA, E. M., HERRERA-LÓPEZ, M., CASAS, J. A., ORTEGA RUIZ, R., & DEL REY, R. (2018). How much do adolescents cybergossip? Scale development and validation in Spain and Colombia. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00126
  • SMITH, P. K., MAHDAVI, J., CARVALHO, M., FISHER, S., RUSSELL, S., & TIPPETT, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x
  • STUBBS-RICHARDSON, M., SINCLAIR, H. C., GOLDBERG, R. M., ELLITHORPE, C. N., & AMADI, S. C. (2018). Reaching out versus lashing out: Examining gender differences in experiences with and responses to bullying in high school. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, 39-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-017-9408-4
  • ŞAHİN, M., & AKBABA, S. (2010). İlköğretim okullarında zorbacı davranışların azaltılmasına yönelik empati eğitim programının etkisinin araştırılması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 18(1), 331-342.
  • TÜİK (2024). Çocuklarda bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması. 29 Kasım 2017 tarihinde https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Cocuklarda-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2024-53638 adresinden erişildi.
  • VAN BOMMEL, M., VAN PROOIJEN, J. W., ELFFERS, H., & VAN LANGE, P. A. (2012). Be aware to care: Public self-awareness leads to a reversal of the bystander effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(4), 926-930. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613507958
  • WARGO AIKINS, J., COLLIBEE, C., & CUNNINGHAM, J. (2017). Gossiping to the top: Observed differences in popular adolescents’ gossip. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(5), 642–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615617291

Examining Children’s and Adolescents’ Evaluations of Responses to Cyber Gossip

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 308 - 320
https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.1367892

Öz

Aim: As youth spend a significant part of their time in virtual environments, research on cyberbullying are increasing, however, cyber gossip has not been the subject of research. For this purpose, in the current research, youth’s evaluations of the responses to cyber gossip were examined.
Method: A total of 148 participants between the ages of 10-16 included in the study. Ten vignettes were told to the participants, five of them were private chat and five of them were public chat. Then, questions were asked about the reasonability and effectiveness of the responses given to the protagonist who made cyber gossip.
Results: As a result of the analysis, it was found that the positive intervention response to cyber gossip in both private and public chat environments was the most morally appropriate and effective. On the other hand, it was also concluded that the supporting response to cyber gossip, both in private and in public chat environments, was the least appropriate and least effective method by the participants.
Conclusion: Although the sample's generalizability is limited, this study represents the first application of cyber gossip in Turkey and is analyzed in accordance with the findings from existing literature.

Kaynakça

  • AKDUMAN, G. G. (2010). 7-14 yaş grubu çocuklarda akran istismarı ve kendi çözüm önerileri. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 3(2), 13-26.
  • BARLIŃSKA, J., SZUSTER, A., & WINIEWSKI, M. (2013). Cyberbullying among adolescent bystanders: Role of the communication medium, form of violence, and empathy. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 23(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2137
  • BAUMEISTER, R. F., & BUSHMAN, B. J. (2014). Social psychology and human nature. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
  • BAUMEISTER, R. F., ZHANG, L., & VOHS, K. D. (2004). Gossip as cultural learning. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.111
  • BJÖRKQVIST, K., LAGERSPETZ, K. M., & KAUKIAINEN, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 18(2), 117-127.
  • BOSTAN, T., BOSTAN, A., SARPKAYA, S., & YABACI, A. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık düzeyleri ve siber zorbalığa karşı verdikleri tepkilerin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Premium e-Journal of Social Sciences (PEJOSS), 4(9), 321-332.
  • BOYACI, M. & ERSEVER, O. G. (2017). Hoşgörü eğilimi geliştirme programının 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin hoşgörü ve zorbalık düzeylerine etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 42(189), 167-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2017.6802
  • CAIVANO, O. & TALWAR, V. (2023). Receiving cybergossip: Adolescents’ attitudes and feelings towards responses. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 10, 100297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100297
  • CEBOLLERO-SALINAS, A., OREJUDO, S., CANO-ESCORIAZA, J., & ÍÑIGUEZ-BERROZPE, T. (2022). Cybergossip and problematic Internet use in cyberaggression and cybervictimisation among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, 107230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107230
  • ENGELMANN, J. M., HERRMANN, E., & TOMASELLO, M. (2016). Preschoolers affect others’ reputations through prosocial gossip. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 447-460. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12143
  • DIRKS, M. A., TREAT, T. A., & WEERSING, V. R. (2007). The situation specificity of youth responses to peer provocation. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 36(4), 621–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701662758
  • ESTHER C., & IZASKUN, O. (2012). The role of emotion regulation in the predictive association between social information processing and aggressive behavior in adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 36(5), 338–347.
  • FALLA, D., ORTEGA-RUIZ, R., & ROMERA, E. M. (2021). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the transition from cybergossip to cyberaggression: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031000
  • FOSTER, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78-99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.78
  • GABRIELS, K., & DE BACKER, C. J. (2016). Virtual gossip: How gossip regulates moral life in virtual worlds. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 683-693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.065
  • GARCÍA-FERNÁNDEZ, C. M., MORENO-MOYA, M., ORTEGA-RUIZ, R., & ROMERA, E. M. (2022). Adolescent involvement in cybergossip: Influence on social adjustment, bullying and cyberbullying. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 25, e6. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2022.3
  • GOFFMAN, E. (2009). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (Barış C., Çev.). Metis Yayınları.
  • GOTTMAN, J. M., & METTETAL, G. (1986). Speculations about social and affective development: Friendship and acquaintanceship through adolescence. In J. M. Gottman & J. G. Parker (Eds.), Conversations of friends: Speculations on affective development (pp. 192-240). Cambridge University Press.
  • GÖKKAYA, F., & SÜTCÜ, S. T. (2018). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde zorbalık eğilimini azaltmaya yönelik bilişsel davranışçı bir müdahale programının geliştirilmesi ve etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 43(193), 91-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2018.6731
  • GRASSETTI, S. N., HUBBARD, J. A., SMITH, M. A., BOOKHOUT, M. K., SWIFT, L. E., & GAWRYSIAK, M. J. (2018). Caregivers’ advice and children’s bystander behaviors during bullying incidents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(1), 329–S340. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1295381
  • HASHMI, S. D., KHAN, K., ULLAH, I., GULZAR, S., & HAIDER, A. (2019). Religion can change intentions: Interactive effect of abusive supervision and Islamic work ethics on workplace gossip. Journal of Islamic Business and Management (JIBM), 9(1), 160-175. https://doi.org/10.26501/jibm/2019.0901-011
  • HUANG Y., & CHOU C. (2010). An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1581–1590.
  • INGRAM, G. P. D. (2019). Gossip and reputation in childhood. In F. Giardini & R. Wittek (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation (pp. 131–151). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190494087.013.8
  • LANSFORD J. E., SKINNER A. T., SORBRING E., GIUNTA L. D., DEATER-DECKARD K., & DODGE K. A. (2012). Boys’ and girls’ relational and physical aggression in nine countries. Aggressive Behavior, 38(4), 298–308.
  • LÓPEZ-CASTRO, L., & PRIEGUE, D. (2019). Influence of family variables on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: A systematic literature review. Social Sciences, 8(3), 98-113. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030098
  • KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Ç. (2000). Kültürel psikoloji: Kültür bağlamında insan ve aile. İstanbul: Evrim Yayınevi.
  • KISFALUSI, D., TAKÁCS, K., & PÁL, J. (2019). Gossip and reputation in adolescent networks. In F. Giardini & R. Wittek (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Gossip and Reputation (pp. 358– 379). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190494087.013.19
  • MARKUS, H. R., & KITAYAMA, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
  • MCDONALD, K. L., PUTALLAZ, M., GRIMES, C. L., KUPERSMIDT, J. B., & COIE, J. D. (2007). Girl talk: Gossip, friendship, and sociometric status. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53(3), 381–411. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2007.0017
  • MOXEY, N., & BUSSEY, K. (2020). Styles of bystander intervention in cyberbullying incidents. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 2(1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380- 019-00039-1
  • NESI, J., CHOUKAS-BRADLEY, S., & PRINSTEIN, M. J. (2018). Transformation of adolescent peer relations in the social media context: Part 1—A theoretical framework and application to dyadic peer relationships. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 267–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0261-x
  • PATCHIN, J. W., & HINDUJA, S. (2015). Measuring cyberbullying: Implications for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.013
  • PEKER, A. VE İSKENDER, M. (2015). İnsani değerler yönelimli psiko-eğitim programının siber zorbalık üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(1), 11-22.
  • ROMERA, E. M., HERRERA-LÓPEZ, M., CASAS, J. A., ORTEGA RUIZ, R., & DEL REY, R. (2018). How much do adolescents cybergossip? Scale development and validation in Spain and Colombia. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00126
  • SMITH, P. K., MAHDAVI, J., CARVALHO, M., FISHER, S., RUSSELL, S., & TIPPETT, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x
  • STUBBS-RICHARDSON, M., SINCLAIR, H. C., GOLDBERG, R. M., ELLITHORPE, C. N., & AMADI, S. C. (2018). Reaching out versus lashing out: Examining gender differences in experiences with and responses to bullying in high school. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, 39-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-017-9408-4
  • ŞAHİN, M., & AKBABA, S. (2010). İlköğretim okullarında zorbacı davranışların azaltılmasına yönelik empati eğitim programının etkisinin araştırılması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 18(1), 331-342.
  • TÜİK (2024). Çocuklarda bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması. 29 Kasım 2017 tarihinde https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Cocuklarda-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2024-53638 adresinden erişildi.
  • VAN BOMMEL, M., VAN PROOIJEN, J. W., ELFFERS, H., & VAN LANGE, P. A. (2012). Be aware to care: Public self-awareness leads to a reversal of the bystander effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(4), 926-930. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613507958
  • WARGO AIKINS, J., COLLIBEE, C., & CUNNINGHAM, J. (2017). Gossiping to the top: Observed differences in popular adolescents’ gossip. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(5), 642–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615617291
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal Gelişim
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhammed Şükrü Aydın 0000-0003-1112-3180

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Kabul Tarihi 27 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, M. Ş. (2025). Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Siber Dedikoduya Verilen Tepkilere Yönelik Değerlendirmelerinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 308-320. https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.1367892

Creative Commons Lisansı
İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.