Afet Lojistik Sorunları ve Temel Başarı Etkenleri: Bir Literatür Çalışması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 50 - 69, 26.10.2020

Sinan Çınar , Hanifi Murat Mutlu

Öz

Lojistik, afet ve insani yardım faaliyetlerinin en önemli ve en maliyetli kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Afet lojistik faaliyetlerinin etkin, verimli olması ve taleplere hızlı yanıt verebilmesi operasyonların başarısı için zaruridir. Ancak, bu kolay bir iş değildir zira afet lojisitk faaliyetleri sahada pekçok sorunla karşılaşmaktadır. Sahada karşılaşılan başlıca problemleri incelemek ve başarıya etki eden unsurları anlamak hem felaketin sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik zararlarını azaltmak hem de gelecek felaketlere daha iyi hazırlanmak için önemlidir. Bundan hareketle, çalışma, ilintili üç soruya cevap aramaktadır. Birincisi, afet lojistik ile ticaret lojistik faaliyetlerinin ortak ve ayrışan yönleri nelerdir? İkinci olarak, afet lojistik faaliyetlerinde karşılaşılan başlıca problemler nelerdir? Üç, afet lojistik operasyonlarında başarıya etki eden unsurlar nelerdir? Çalışma, bir literatür taraması olup daha önce konu ile ilgili yayınlanmış makale, kitap ve raporlardan derlenen bilgilerin analiz, sentez ve değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Bulgular, ortak yönlerine rağmen afet lojistiğin ticari lojistikten bazı yönlerden esaslı şekilde ayrıştığını göstermektedir. Karşılaşılan başlıca sorunlar arasında şunlar sayılabilir: afet lojistik faaliyetleri belirsizliklerle dolu bir ortamda icra edilmekte, koordinasyon problemleri ciddi bir sorundur, kaynaklar genelde kıt ve hayat kurtarmak için zamanla yarışılmaktadır. Tüm zorluklarına karşın, afet lojistik analizleri ve saha deneyimleri başarıya etki eden unsurları da tespit etmiştir. Çalışma, bulguların özetini verip, bazı kısıtlara vurgu yaptıktan sonra bazı araştırma önerileri ile son bulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Lojistiği, Afet Yönetimi, Afet Lojistik Problemleri, Afet Lojistik Başarı Etkenleri

Kaynakça

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