Quasi-Realistic Performance Analysis of Modern Atkinson Cycle

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 347 - 356, 31.12.2022

A. Onur Özdemir , Latif Kasım Uysal , Regaip Menküç , Emre Arabacı

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1184658

Öz

In this study, a quasi-realistic thermodynamic analysis was performed to investigate the effects of design and operating parameters on the performance of a single-cylinder modern Atkinson cycle engine. Fortran was used for all calculations. It was assumed that the fuel-air mixture was used as the working fluid, and iso-octane was used as the fuel. The Wiebe function was used for the combustion process and it was assumed that the specific heat of the working fluid varies with temperature. In the calculations, heat transfer loss, combustion efficiency, mechanical friction, and pumping losses were taken into account. In the analysis, the closing of the intake valve, equivalence ratio, geometric compression ratio, and the initial conditions of the intake proses were used as independent variables. The effects of these variables on brake mean effective pressure, effective power, specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency were investigated. Increasing the inlet pressure, increasing the geometric compression ratio, and delaying the closing of the intake valve increased the mean effective pressure, thermal efficiency, engine output power, and torque. The increase in the inlet temperature adversely affected the engine performance and the specific fuel consumption increased. Engine performance parameters worsened when the equivalence ratio fell below 0.8 and rose above 0.9.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geometric compression ratio, Inlet temperature and pressure, Late intake valve closing, Modern Atkinson cycle

Kaynakça

• Fu J, Liu J, Feng R, Yang Y, Wang L, Wang Y. Energy and exergy analysis on gasoline engine based on mapping characteristics experiment. Applied Energy, 2013; 102: 622-630.
• Zhao J. Research and application of over-expansion cycle (Atkinson and Miller) engines. Applied Energy, 2017; 185: 300-319.
• Huntchings I, Shipway P. Tribology: friction and wear of engineering materials. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.
• Demir A, Gümüş M, Sayın C, Boztoprak Y, Yılmaz M. Geçmişten günümüze otomobil teknolojileri. Mimar ve Mühendis Dergisi, 2012; 64: 60-63.
• Leach F, Kalghatgi G, Stone R, Miles P. The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines. Transportation Engineering, 2020; 1: 100005.
• Gheorghiu V. CO2 - emission reduction by means of enhanced thermal conversion efficiency of ice cycles. SAE Technical Paper, 2009-24-0081.
• Muta K, Yamazaki M, Tokieda J. Development of new-generation hybrid system Toyota Hybrid System (THS) II - drastic improvement of power performance and fuel economy. SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-0064.
• Wang Y, Biswas A, Rodriguez R, Keshavarz-Motamed Z, Emadi A. Hybrid electric vehicle specific engines: State-of-the-art review. Energy Reports, 2022; 8: 832-851.
• Karden E, Ploumen S, Fricke B, Miller T, Snyder K. Energy storage devices for future hybrid electric vehicles. Journal of Power Sources, 2006; 16(1): 2-11.
• Atkinson J. Atkinson engine. US Patent 367496, 1887.
• Pertl P, Trattner A, Abis A, Schmidt S, Kirchberger R, Sato T. Expansion to higher efficiency - investigations of the Atkinson cycle in small combustion engines. SAE Technical Paper, 2012-32-0059.
• Kono S, Koga H, Watanabe S. Research on extended expansion general-purpose engine-efficiency enhancement by natural gas operation. SAE Technical Paper, 2010-32-0007.
• Yamada Y. Engine of compression-ratio variable stroke. US Patent 6820577, 2004.
• Boretti A, Scalzo J. Exploring the advantages of Atkinson effects in variable compression ratio turbo GDI engines. SAE Technical Paper, 2011-01-0367.
• Pertl P, Trattner A, Abis A, Schmidt S. Kirchberger R, Sato T. Expansion to higher efficiency -investigations of the Atkinson cycle in small combustion engines. SAE Technical Paper, 2012-32-0059.
• Wang Y, Lin L, Zeng S, Huang J. Application of the Miller cycle to reduce NOx emissions from the petrol engines. Applied Energy, 2008; 85: 463-74.
• Wang Y, Lin L, Anthony P. An analytic study of applying Miller cycle to reduce NOx emission from petrol engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2007; 27: 1779-89.
• Gonca G, Sahin B, Parlak A, Ust Y, Ayhan V, Cesur I, Boru B. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the Miller cycle diesel engine in terms of performance and emission parameters. Applied Energy, 2015;138: 11-20.
• Sher E, Bar-Kohany T. Optimization of variable valve timing for maximizing performance of an unthrottled SI engine - a theoretical study. Energy, 2002; 27: 757-75.
• Shiga S, Hirooka Y, Yagi S. Effects of over-expansion cycle in a spark-ignition engine using late-closing of intake valve and its thermodynamic consideration of the mechanism. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2001; 2(1): 1-7.
• Okamoto K, Zhang F, Shimogata S, Shoji F. Development of a late intake-valve closing (LIVC) Miller cycle for stationary natural gas engines-effects of EGR utilization. SAE Technical Paper, 1997; 972948.
• Fukuzawa Y, Shimoda H, Kakuhma Y. Development of high efficiency Miller cycle gas engine. Stroke, 2001; 38(3): 146-50.
• Kentfield JAC. Alternative mechanical arrangements for diesel and spark-ignition engines employing extended expansion strokes. SAE Technical Paper, 1992; 929060.
• Sakata Y, Yamana K, Nishida K, Shimizu T, Shiga S, Araki M, Nakamura H, Obokata T. A study on optimization of an over-expansion cycle gasoline engine with late-closing of intake valves. 8th International Conference on Engines for Automobiles, Italy, 2007.
• Yasin U. A comparative performance analysis and optimization of the irreversible Atkinson cycle under maximum power density and maximum power conditions. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2009; 30: 1001-1013.
• Yamada T, Adachi S, Nakata K, Kurauchi T, Takagi I. Economy with superior thermal efficient combustion. SAE Technical Paper, 2014-01-1192.
• Gahruei MH, Jeshvaghani HS, Vahidi S, Chen L. Mathematical modeling and comparison of air standard Dual and Dual-Atkinson cycles with friction, heat transfer and variable specific-heats of the working fluid. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2013; 37(12-13): 7319-7329.
• Liu Q, Guo T, Fu J, Dai H, Liu J. Experimental study on the effects of injection parameters and exhaust gas recirculation on combustion, emission and performance of Atkinson cycle gasoline direct-injection engine. Energy, 2022; 238: 121784.
• Cinar C, Ozdemir AO, Gulcan HE, Topgül T. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the performance of an Atkinson cycle engine. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2021; 46(8): 7841-7850.
• Abu-Nada E, Al-Hinti I, Al-Sarkhi A, Akash B. Thermodynamic modeling of spark ignition engine, effect of temperature dependent specific heats. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2006; 33: 1264-1272.
• Heywood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. McGraw Hill Education, 2018.
• Gonca G. Performance analysis of an Atkinson cycle engine under effective power and effective power density conditions. Acta Physica Polonica A, 2017; 132 (4): 1306-1313.
• Shoukry E, Taylor S, Clark N, Famouri P. Numerical simulation for parametric study of a two-stroke direct injection linear engine. SAE Technical Paper, 2002-01-1739.
• Lin JC, Hou SS. Effects of heat loss as percentage of fuel’s energy, friction and variable specific heats of working fluid on performance of air standard Otto cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 2008; 49: 1218-1227.
• George S, Sreelal M, Saran S, Joseph S, Varghese AK. High altitude air flow regulation for automobiles. International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering Science and Management, New Delhi, India, 2015.
• Murtaza G, Bhatti AI, Ahmed Q. Control-oriented model of Atkinson cycle engine with variable ıntake valve actuation, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 2016; 138: 06100/1-9.
• Gonca G. Thermodynamic analysis and performance maps for the irreversible Dual-Atkinson cycle engine (DACE) with considerations of temperature-dependent specific heats, heat transfer and friction losses. Energy Conversion and Management, 2016; 111: 205-216.