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The validity and reliability study of the theory of mind inventory-2 (TOMI-2) Turkish version

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 481 - 506, 09.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1366478

Öz

This study aims to conduct the Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) developed by Hutchins and Prelock (2016) for 3-5-year-old children. The study group consists of 310 mothers with children in the 3-5 age group in Konya city center. Personal Information Form and Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) were used as data collection tools in the study. After the TOMI-2 was translated into Turkish, the normality assumption was checked with the "Shapiro-Wilk" test. The relationship between two continuous variables was evaluated with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Content Validity, Criterion Validity, and Reliability analyses were also used in the study. The findings of the analyses show that the Turkish version of the TOMI-2 is a valid and reliable measurement tool for children aged 3-5, with 60 items in the original form.

Kaynakça

  • Alpar, R. (2022). Spor sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik güvenirlik SPSS de çözümleme adımları ile birlikte [Applied statistics and validity and reliability with examples from sports, health and education sciences with analysis steps in SPSS]. Detay Publishing.
  • Altıntaş, M. (2014). Çocuklar için Zihin Kuramı Test Bataryası’nın 4-5 yaş türk çocuklarına uyarlanması, geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of Theory of Mind Task Battery for Children to 4-5 year old Turkish children, validity and reliability study]. Master Thesis, Haliç University.
  • Astington, J.W. (2020). The developmental interdependence of theory of mind and language. In N.J. Enfield, & S.C. Levinson (Eds.), Roots of Human Sociality Culture, Cognition and Interaction (p.179- 206). Routledge.
  • Astington, J.W., & Dack, L.A. (2008). Theory of mind. In M.M. Haith, & J.B. Benson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development Volume 1 (p. 343-356). Elsevier Inc.
  • Astington, J.W., & Edward, M.J. (2010). The development of theory of mind in early childhood. Social Cognition.
  • Biçer, M., & Kılıç, K.C. (2022). Yönetici Davranışları Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik uyarlaması [Adaptation of the Managerial Behaviors Scale into Turkish: validity and reliability adaptation]. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Journal of Social and Economic Research, 24(42), 277-291.
  • Brown, T.A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford publications.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı [Factor analysis: Basic concepts and use in scale improvement]. Educational Administration in Theory and Practice, 22, 470-483.
  • Cerny, B.A., & Kaiser, H.F. (1977). A study of a measure of sampling adequacy for factor-analytic correlation matrices. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 12(1), 43-47.
  • Çalık, M., Altunışık, R., & Sütütemiz, N. (2013). Bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimi, marka performansı ve pazarlama performansı ilişkisinin incelenmesi [Analyzing the relationship between integrated marketing communication, brand performance and marketing performance]. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 9(19), 137162.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları (5. Baskı) [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and Lisrel applications (5th Edition)]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Flavell, J.H. (1999). Cognitive development: Children’s knowledge about the mind. Annual Reviews Psychology, 50, 21-45.
  • Fornel, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Gözün Kahraman, Ö. (2012). Zihin kuramına dayalı eğitim programının 48-60 aylık çocukların bilişsel bakış açısı becerileri ve prososyal davranışları üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi [Investigating the effect of a theory of mind-based education program on cognitive perspective skills and prosocial behaviors of 48-60 month old children] [Doctoral Thesis], Gazi University.
  • Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8. Edition). Cangage Learning.
  • Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C., (1998). Multivariate data analysis, Prentice Hall.
  • Hambleton, R.K., & Patsula, L. (1998). Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures. Social Indicators Research, 45, 153-171.
  • Hambleton, R.K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1, 1-30.
  • Houssa, M., Mazzone, S., & Nader-Grosbois, N. (2014). Validation d’une version francophone de l’inventaire de la Théorie de l’Esprit (ToMI-vf). European Review of Applied Psychology, 64, 169-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2014.02.002
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Huang, C.C., Wang, Y.M., Wu, T.W., & Wang, P.A. (2013). An empirical analysis of the antecedents and performance consequences of using the moodle platform. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 3(2), 217-221.
  • Hutchins, T.L., & Prelock, P. (2010). Technical manual for the Theory of Mind Task Battery. Unpublished Copyrighted Manuscript. Available at: theoryofmindinventory.com
  • Hutchins, T.L., & Prelock, P.A. (2016). Technical manual for the Theory of Mind Inventory-2. Unpublished Copyrighted Manuscript. Available at: theoryofmindinventory.com.
  • Karadeniz, M., & Kocamaz, İ. (2020). An investigation of post-purchase cognitive dissonance and its determinants in online shopping. Journal of Yasar University, 15, 307-315.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2019). SPSS-AMOS-META uygulamalı istatistiksel analizler [SPSS-AMOS-META applied statistical analysis]. Nobel Publishing.
  • Karasar, N. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar ilkeler teknikler (32. Basım) [Scientific research method: Concepts principles techniques (32nd Edition)]. Nobel Publishing.
  • Keleş Ertürk, C., & Tepeli, K (2023). Validity and reliability of Theory of Mind Task Battery (TOMTB) for 3-5 year old children. International Anatolian Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3), 627-639. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1322818
  • Kılıç Tülü, B., & Ergül, C. (2022). 3-5 yaş grubu çocuklara yönelik Zihin Kuramı Testi: Geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması [Theory of Mind Test for 3-5 year old children: Validity and reliability study]. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences, 55, 31-61. https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.966350
  • Kline, R.B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4. Edition). Guilford Publications.
  • Lee, S.C., Fu, I.N., Liu, M.R., Yu, T.Y., & Chen, K.L. (2023). Factorial validity of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 in typically developing children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53, 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05426-0
  • McElwain N.L, Ravindran N., Emery H.T., & Swartz R. (2019). Theory of mind as a mechanism linking mother–toddler relationship quality and child–friend interaction during the preschool years. Social Development, 28, 998 1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12377
  • Miller, S.A. (2016). Parenting and theory of mind. Oxford University Press.
  • Prelock, P.A., Hutchins, T.L., & Bonazinga Bouyea, L. (2016). Theory of Mind Inventory-2 guide to clinical decision-making. Unpublished Copyrighted Manuscript.
  • Rakoczy, H. (2022). Foundations of theory of mind and its development in early childhood. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(4), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00037-z
  • Ratcliffe, M. (2007). Rethinking commonsense psychology: A critique of folk psychology, theory of mind and simulation. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Rencher, A.C. (2002). Methods of multivariate analysis (2. Edition), John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Scholl, B.J., & Leslie A.M. (1999). Modularity, development, and ‘theory of mind. Mind & Language, 14(1), 131-153.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2. Edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Slaughter, V., & Repacholi, B. (2003). Introduction: Individual differences in theory of mind what are we investigating?. In B. Repacholi & Virginia Slaughter (Eds.), Individual Differences in Theory of Mind: Implications for Typical and Atypical Development (p. 1-13). Psychology Press.
  • Slaughter, V., Imuta, K., Peterson, C.C., & Henry, J.D. (2015). Meta‐Analysis of theory of mind and peer popularity in the preschool and early school years. Child Development, 86(4), 1159-1174. https://doi.org/10.1111/Cdev.12372
  • Sodian, B. (2005). Theory of mind—the case for conceptual development. In W. Schneider, R. Schumann-Hengsteler & B. Sodian (Eds.), Young Children’s Cognitive Development Interrelationships Among Executive Functioning, Working Memory, Verbal Ability, And Theory of Mind (p. 95-130). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Sodian, B., & Kristen, S. (2010). Theory of mind. In B.M. Glatzeder, V. Goel & A.V. Müller (Eds.), Towards A Theory of Thinking Building Blocks for A Conceptual Framework (p. 189-202). Springer.
  • Sönmez, V., & Alacapınar, F.G. (2018). Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (Genişletilmiş 6. Baskı) [Exemplified scientific research methods (Expanded 6th Edition)]. Anı Publishing.
  • Şahin, B., Bozkurt, A., Usta, M.B., Aydın, M., Çobanoğlu, C., & Karabekiroğlu, K. (2019). Zihin kuramı: Gelişim, nörobiyoloji, ilişkili alanlar ve nörogelişimsel bozukluklar [Theory of mind: Development, neurobiology, related areas and neurodevelopmental disorders]. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 11(1), 24 41. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.390629
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi [Measurement of attitudes and data analysis with spss]. Nobel Publishing.
  • Thanasegaran, G. (2009). Reliability and Validity issues in research. Integration & Dissemination, 4, 35-40.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications (1. Edition). Psychology Press.
  • Tucci, S.L. (2023, July 11). Theory of mind development and children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Victorian Deaf Education Institute. https://www.deafeducation.vic.edu.au/Resource/fact-sheets/Theory of Mind Summary.pdf
  • Wellman, H.M. (2017). The development of theory of mind: Historical reflections. Child Development Perspectives, 11(3), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/Cdep.12236
  • Wellman, H.M., & Liu, D. (2004). Scaling of theory of mind tasks. Child Development, 75(2), 523 – 541.
  • Wellman, H.M. (2014). Making minds how theory of mind develops. Oxford University Press.
  • Westby, C., & Robinson, L. (2014). A developmental perspective for promoting theory of mind. Topics In Language Disorders, 34(4), 362 382. https://doi.org/10.1097/TLD.0000000000000035
  • Zufferey, S. (2010). Lexical pragmatics and theory of mind the acquisition of connectives. Volume 201. Benjamins Publishing Company.

The validity and reliability study of the theory of mind inventory-2 (TOMI-2) Turkish version

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 481 - 506, 09.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1366478

Öz

This study aims to conduct the Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) developed by Hutchins and Prelock (2016) for 3-5-year-old children. The study group consists of 310 mothers with children in the 3-5 age group in Konya city center. Personal Information Form and Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) were used as data collection tools in the study. After the TOMI-2 was translated into Turkish, the normality assumption was checked with the "Shapiro-Wilk" test. The relationship between two continuous variables was evaluated with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Content Validity, Criterion Validity, and Reliability analyses were also used in the study. The findings of the analyses show that the Turkish version of the TOMI-2 is a valid and reliable measurement tool for children aged 3-5, with 60 items in the original form.

Kaynakça

  • Alpar, R. (2022). Spor sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik güvenirlik SPSS de çözümleme adımları ile birlikte [Applied statistics and validity and reliability with examples from sports, health and education sciences with analysis steps in SPSS]. Detay Publishing.
  • Altıntaş, M. (2014). Çocuklar için Zihin Kuramı Test Bataryası’nın 4-5 yaş türk çocuklarına uyarlanması, geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of Theory of Mind Task Battery for Children to 4-5 year old Turkish children, validity and reliability study]. Master Thesis, Haliç University.
  • Astington, J.W. (2020). The developmental interdependence of theory of mind and language. In N.J. Enfield, & S.C. Levinson (Eds.), Roots of Human Sociality Culture, Cognition and Interaction (p.179- 206). Routledge.
  • Astington, J.W., & Dack, L.A. (2008). Theory of mind. In M.M. Haith, & J.B. Benson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development Volume 1 (p. 343-356). Elsevier Inc.
  • Astington, J.W., & Edward, M.J. (2010). The development of theory of mind in early childhood. Social Cognition.
  • Biçer, M., & Kılıç, K.C. (2022). Yönetici Davranışları Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik uyarlaması [Adaptation of the Managerial Behaviors Scale into Turkish: validity and reliability adaptation]. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Journal of Social and Economic Research, 24(42), 277-291.
  • Brown, T.A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford publications.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı [Factor analysis: Basic concepts and use in scale improvement]. Educational Administration in Theory and Practice, 22, 470-483.
  • Cerny, B.A., & Kaiser, H.F. (1977). A study of a measure of sampling adequacy for factor-analytic correlation matrices. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 12(1), 43-47.
  • Çalık, M., Altunışık, R., & Sütütemiz, N. (2013). Bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimi, marka performansı ve pazarlama performansı ilişkisinin incelenmesi [Analyzing the relationship between integrated marketing communication, brand performance and marketing performance]. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 9(19), 137162.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları (5. Baskı) [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and Lisrel applications (5th Edition)]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Flavell, J.H. (1999). Cognitive development: Children’s knowledge about the mind. Annual Reviews Psychology, 50, 21-45.
  • Fornel, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Gözün Kahraman, Ö. (2012). Zihin kuramına dayalı eğitim programının 48-60 aylık çocukların bilişsel bakış açısı becerileri ve prososyal davranışları üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi [Investigating the effect of a theory of mind-based education program on cognitive perspective skills and prosocial behaviors of 48-60 month old children] [Doctoral Thesis], Gazi University.
  • Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8. Edition). Cangage Learning.
  • Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C., (1998). Multivariate data analysis, Prentice Hall.
  • Hambleton, R.K., & Patsula, L. (1998). Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures. Social Indicators Research, 45, 153-171.
  • Hambleton, R.K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1, 1-30.
  • Houssa, M., Mazzone, S., & Nader-Grosbois, N. (2014). Validation d’une version francophone de l’inventaire de la Théorie de l’Esprit (ToMI-vf). European Review of Applied Psychology, 64, 169-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2014.02.002
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Huang, C.C., Wang, Y.M., Wu, T.W., & Wang, P.A. (2013). An empirical analysis of the antecedents and performance consequences of using the moodle platform. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 3(2), 217-221.
  • Hutchins, T.L., & Prelock, P. (2010). Technical manual for the Theory of Mind Task Battery. Unpublished Copyrighted Manuscript. Available at: theoryofmindinventory.com
  • Hutchins, T.L., & Prelock, P.A. (2016). Technical manual for the Theory of Mind Inventory-2. Unpublished Copyrighted Manuscript. Available at: theoryofmindinventory.com.
  • Karadeniz, M., & Kocamaz, İ. (2020). An investigation of post-purchase cognitive dissonance and its determinants in online shopping. Journal of Yasar University, 15, 307-315.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2019). SPSS-AMOS-META uygulamalı istatistiksel analizler [SPSS-AMOS-META applied statistical analysis]. Nobel Publishing.
  • Karasar, N. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar ilkeler teknikler (32. Basım) [Scientific research method: Concepts principles techniques (32nd Edition)]. Nobel Publishing.
  • Keleş Ertürk, C., & Tepeli, K (2023). Validity and reliability of Theory of Mind Task Battery (TOMTB) for 3-5 year old children. International Anatolian Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3), 627-639. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1322818
  • Kılıç Tülü, B., & Ergül, C. (2022). 3-5 yaş grubu çocuklara yönelik Zihin Kuramı Testi: Geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması [Theory of Mind Test for 3-5 year old children: Validity and reliability study]. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences, 55, 31-61. https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.966350
  • Kline, R.B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4. Edition). Guilford Publications.
  • Lee, S.C., Fu, I.N., Liu, M.R., Yu, T.Y., & Chen, K.L. (2023). Factorial validity of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 in typically developing children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53, 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05426-0
  • McElwain N.L, Ravindran N., Emery H.T., & Swartz R. (2019). Theory of mind as a mechanism linking mother–toddler relationship quality and child–friend interaction during the preschool years. Social Development, 28, 998 1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12377
  • Miller, S.A. (2016). Parenting and theory of mind. Oxford University Press.
  • Prelock, P.A., Hutchins, T.L., & Bonazinga Bouyea, L. (2016). Theory of Mind Inventory-2 guide to clinical decision-making. Unpublished Copyrighted Manuscript.
  • Rakoczy, H. (2022). Foundations of theory of mind and its development in early childhood. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(4), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00037-z
  • Ratcliffe, M. (2007). Rethinking commonsense psychology: A critique of folk psychology, theory of mind and simulation. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Rencher, A.C. (2002). Methods of multivariate analysis (2. Edition), John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Scholl, B.J., & Leslie A.M. (1999). Modularity, development, and ‘theory of mind. Mind & Language, 14(1), 131-153.
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2. Edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Slaughter, V., & Repacholi, B. (2003). Introduction: Individual differences in theory of mind what are we investigating?. In B. Repacholi & Virginia Slaughter (Eds.), Individual Differences in Theory of Mind: Implications for Typical and Atypical Development (p. 1-13). Psychology Press.
  • Slaughter, V., Imuta, K., Peterson, C.C., & Henry, J.D. (2015). Meta‐Analysis of theory of mind and peer popularity in the preschool and early school years. Child Development, 86(4), 1159-1174. https://doi.org/10.1111/Cdev.12372
  • Sodian, B. (2005). Theory of mind—the case for conceptual development. In W. Schneider, R. Schumann-Hengsteler & B. Sodian (Eds.), Young Children’s Cognitive Development Interrelationships Among Executive Functioning, Working Memory, Verbal Ability, And Theory of Mind (p. 95-130). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Sodian, B., & Kristen, S. (2010). Theory of mind. In B.M. Glatzeder, V. Goel & A.V. Müller (Eds.), Towards A Theory of Thinking Building Blocks for A Conceptual Framework (p. 189-202). Springer.
  • Sönmez, V., & Alacapınar, F.G. (2018). Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (Genişletilmiş 6. Baskı) [Exemplified scientific research methods (Expanded 6th Edition)]. Anı Publishing.
  • Şahin, B., Bozkurt, A., Usta, M.B., Aydın, M., Çobanoğlu, C., & Karabekiroğlu, K. (2019). Zihin kuramı: Gelişim, nörobiyoloji, ilişkili alanlar ve nörogelişimsel bozukluklar [Theory of mind: Development, neurobiology, related areas and neurodevelopmental disorders]. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 11(1), 24 41. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.390629
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi [Measurement of attitudes and data analysis with spss]. Nobel Publishing.
  • Thanasegaran, G. (2009). Reliability and Validity issues in research. Integration & Dissemination, 4, 35-40.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications (1. Edition). Psychology Press.
  • Tucci, S.L. (2023, July 11). Theory of mind development and children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Victorian Deaf Education Institute. https://www.deafeducation.vic.edu.au/Resource/fact-sheets/Theory of Mind Summary.pdf
  • Wellman, H.M. (2017). The development of theory of mind: Historical reflections. Child Development Perspectives, 11(3), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/Cdep.12236
  • Wellman, H.M., & Liu, D. (2004). Scaling of theory of mind tasks. Child Development, 75(2), 523 – 541.
  • Wellman, H.M. (2014). Making minds how theory of mind develops. Oxford University Press.
  • Westby, C., & Robinson, L. (2014). A developmental perspective for promoting theory of mind. Topics In Language Disorders, 34(4), 362 382. https://doi.org/10.1097/TLD.0000000000000035
  • Zufferey, S. (2010). Lexical pragmatics and theory of mind the acquisition of connectives. Volume 201. Benjamins Publishing Company.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kültürlerarası Ölçek Uyarlama
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Canan Keleş Ertürk 0000-0001-6247-0073

Kezban Tepeli 0000-0003-3403-3890

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Keleş Ertürk, C., & Tepeli, K. (2024). The validity and reliability study of the theory of mind inventory-2 (TOMI-2) Turkish version. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 11(3), 481-506. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1366478

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