PROMETHEUS MYTH IN THE POEMS OF LORD BYRON AND CAN YÜCEL

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 162 - 169, 26.07.2021

Emine Kuluşaklı , Ferit Şahin

https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.900863

Öz

This paper explores the employment of the myth of Prometheus as a representation of the rebellious feelings of human life and an expression of the meaning of the universe in the poems, Prometheus by Lord Byron, the British romantic and Prometeus, A Thief by Can Yücel, the Turkish poet, the translator and the critic. With this purpose, the paper concentrates on how Byron and Yücel employ their mythical background in these challenging poems. The study also responds in specific to the approach of mythical criticism that establishes the prominence of myths and examines its relationship to the themes of two poems grounded on the idea that the myths are reflected in literary works by passing through changes. While highlighting the poems, it gets impetus from the concept of ‘collective unconscious’, which was introduced by the Swiss psychologist, Carl Gustav Jung. The paper develops gradually by analyzing Byron and Yücel’s reshaping of myth to evaluate specific political views and humanistic values in the personification of the god, Prometheus.

Anahtar Kelimeler

can yücel, mythology, lord byron, prometheus

LORD BYRON VE CAN YÜCEL ŞİİRLERİNDE PROMETHEUS MİTİ

Öz

Bu makale, insan yaşamının anlamı ve isyankar duygularının bir temsili olarak kullanılan Prometheus mitinin bir İngiliz romantiği olan şair Lord Byron’ın “ Prometeus” ve Türk şair, çevirmen ve eleştirmen Can Yücel'in ''Prometheus'' adlı şiirlerinde nasıl işlendiğini araştırmaktadır. Bu makale, Byron ve Yücel'in mitoloji geçmişlerini bu meydan okuyan şiirlerinde nasıl kullandıklarına odaklanır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma mitlerin ön plana çıkmasını sağlayan mitsel eleştiri yaklaşımına özel olarak yanıt vermekte ve mitlerin değişimlerden geçerek edebi eserlere yansıdığı fikrinden yola çıkarak bu iki şiirin temaları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Şiirlere vurgu yapılırken, İsviçreli psikolog Carl Gustav Jung tarafından ortaya atılan "kolektif bilinçdışı" kavramından yola çıkılmıştır. Makale, Byron ve Yücel'in tanrı Prometheus' un kişileştirilmesinde belirli siyasi görüşleri ve insani değerleri değerlendirmek amacıyla miti nasıl yeniden şekillendirdiklerini analiz ederek aşamalı olarak ilerlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Can Yücel, mythology, Lord Byron, Prometheus

Kaynakça

• Abrams, M.H. (1999). A Glossary of Literary Terms. Heınle & Heınle, Thomson Learnıng, Boston, America.
• Aeschylus, (1991). Prometheus Bound, trans. David Greene (Complete Greek Tragedies, ed. Greene and Richmond Lattimore, 2d edn., 4 vols. (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press)
• Bloom, H. (1960). “Napoleon and Prometheus: The Romantic Myth of Organic Energy.” Yale French Studies, no. 26, pp. 79–82. www.jstor.org/stable/2929227.
• Byron, G. G. (1985). 1788-1824. Lord Byron. New York :Garland Pub.
• Dickerson, M. & O’Hara, D. (2006). From Homer to Harry Potter: A Handbook on Myth and Fantasy. Brazos Press: Michigan, USA.
• Goethe, J. W. (1983). “Prometheus.” Selected Poems. Ed. Christopher Middleton. Trans. Michael Hamburger. Boston: Suhrkamp/Insel Publishers. Print. 26-31.
• Grammatikos, A. (2016). Let Us Look At Them As They Are: Lord Byron and Modern Greek Language, Literature, and Print Culture, European Romantic Review, 27:2, pp. 233-257, DOI: 10.1080/10509585.2016.1140047.
• Grant, M., & Hazel, J. (2004). Who's who in Classical Mythology. Routledge.
• Guerin, W., Labor, E., Morgan., L., Reesman, J.C., & Willingham, J. (2005). A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. 3d ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Henderson, A. (2017). Beast: A Hero Tale Challenging the Gendered Nature of The Hero’s Journey Through Reimagining the Myths of Cúchullain, BA thesis, University of Canberra. 10.13140/RG.2.2.15829.68322.
• Hesiod, (1959). The Works and Days, in Hesiod, trans. Richmond Lattimore (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1959).
• Jung, C. G. (1933). Modern Man in Search of a Soul. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Leverette, M. Professional Wrestling, The Myth, The Mat, and American Popular Culture. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2003. Print.
• Leverette, M. (2003). Conference Papers --International Communication Association, Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, p1-22. 22p. 2 Diagrams. DOI: ica_proceeding_11322.PDF.
• Luttrull, D.l (2010), ‘Prometheus Hits The Road: Revising the Myth’, Cormac McCarthy Journal 8:1, pp. 17- 28.
• Mayerson, P. (1971). Classical Mythology in Literature, Art, and Music. Xerox Corporation.
• Manzoor, S. (2007). The Prometheus Myth in The Novels of William Golding. BRAC University Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 105-111.
• Solomou, K. (1980). Byron and Greek Poetry (Athens: National University Capodistrian University of Athens School of Philodohy) British Library EThOS.
• Yücel, C. (1993). Gece Vardiyası, 2. bsk., İstanbul, Papirüs Yayınları.
• Walker, S. F. (2002). Jung and the Jungians on Myth. New York: Routledge. pp. 3-15.