Araştırma Makalesi
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MANAGING A CHANGE THROUGH INTERNAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE PROCESS FROM AN ARTISAN RESTAURANT TO A THEMATIC JAPANESE RESTAURANT

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 99 - 115, 31.12.2021

Özge Büyük , Cengiz Demir

https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.992164

Öz

Esnaf lokantası iken Tematik bir Japon Restoranına dönüşen bir yiyecek içecek işletmesinin değişim yönetimi sürecini vaka incelemesi deseni aracılığı ile ele alan bu araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler MaxqDa programı aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada işletmenin iç girişimcilik özelliklerinin ne olduğu saptanmış, bu özelliklerin SERCREA+ değişim yönetimi modeli üzerinde değerlendirilen değişim yönetimi sürecine olan etkileri ortaya konmuş ayrıca, değişim sürecinde kullanılan örgütsel bilginin kaynağı saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda değişimi harekete geçiren en baskın iç girişimcilik özelliğinin duygusal zeka olduğu belirlenmiş; değişim aşamalarından biri olan yeniden tanımlama boyutuna en fazla etki eden özelliğin ise değişim odaklı olma olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Diğer yandan örgütün bu süreçte kullandığı bilginin büyük bölümünü deneyimlerinden elde ettiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda iç girişimcilik özellikleri ile değişim yönetimi süreci arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intrapreneurship SERCREA+ MaxqDA Change management

Kaynakça

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  • Aldwin, C., ve Stokols, D. (1988). The effects of environmental change on individuals and groups: Some neglected issues in stress research, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 8(1), 57-75.
  • Akgün, A. E., Byrne, J., ve Keskin, H. (2007). Organizational intelligence: A structuration view. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20(3), 272-289.
  • Appelbaum, S.H., Cameron, A., Ensink, F., Hazarika, J., Attir, R., Ezzedine, R ve Shekhar, V. (2017). Factors that impact the success of an organizational change: a case study analysis, Industrial and Commercial Training, 49(5), 213-230.
  • Armenakis, A.A., ve Bedeian, A.G. (1999). Organizational change: a review of theory and research in the 1990s, Journal of management, 25(3), 293-315.
  • Avcı, N., ve Küçükusta, D.(2009), Konaklama İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Öğrenme, Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Bahar, 20(1), 33-44.
  • Avila, E. M., Galindo, M.Á., ve Mendez, M.T. (2012). SERCREA+ Model: a business tool for change management in Mexican organizations, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 25(5),736-747.
  • Avila, E.M., Rodriguez-Aceves, L. ve Flores-Castro, M. (2016). Implementation of a Social Innovation Model for Economic Value Creation, (içinde) Handbook of Research on Social Entrepreneurship and Solidarity Economics, Saiz-Álvarez (Ed.), 111-133, Global: Mexico.
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  • Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
  • Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır?, Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5, 426-438.
  • Beckhard, R. (1969). Organization Development: Strategies and Models, Addison Wesley: Massachusetts- USA.
  • Beckhard, R. ve Harris, R. (1977). Organizational change as a transition state, Reading, Addison-Wesley: Mass.
  • Beer, M., Eisenstat, R.A., ve Spector, B. (1990). Why change programs don’t produce change?, Harvard Business Review, 68(6), 158-166.
  • Burke, W.W., ve Litwin, G.H. (1992). A Causal model of organizational performance and change, Journal of Management, 18(3): 523-545.
  • Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: a re‐appraisal, Journal of Management Studies, 41(6), 977-1002.
  • Carpinetti, L.C., ve Lima, R.H. (2013). Institutions for collaboration in ındustrial clusters: proposal of a performance and change management model, Int. J. Prod. Manag. Eng, 1(1), 13-26.
  • Ceptureanu, E.G., ve Ceptureanu, S.I. (2012). Change management model applicable to Romanian organizations in the global economic crisis conditions, (İçinde), Proceedings of Administration and Public Management International Conference, 104-110, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services: Romanya.
  • Chen, C.K., Yu, C.H., ve Chang, H.C. (2006). ERA Model: A customer-orientated organizational change model for the public service, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 17(10), 1301-1322.
  • Clarke, A. ve Garside, J. (1997). The Development of a best practice model for change management, European Management Journal, 15(5), 537-545.
  • Covin, J.G. & Slevin, D.P. (1988), The Influence of Organization Structure on the Utility of an Entrepreneurial Top Management Style, Journal of Management Studies, 25/3, 217-234.
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  • Dike, V.E. (2014). Planned intervention and organisational development: the role of leadership in change initiatives, African Journalof Science Technology Innovation and Development,6(1),39-44.
  • Doğaner, A.E. (2006). Yeni Nesil Girişimci, Sistem Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Dolo, B. (2018). The redesign of quality control processes in the implementation of energy supply projects, Master of Technology Business Information Systems in the Faculty Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula Universty of Technology: South Africa.
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  • Erkuş, A. (1998). Goleman'ın Duygusal Zeka Görüşünün Psikometrik Açıdan Eleştirisi ve Dinamik Etkileşimsel Model önerisi, Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. 1(1), 31-40.
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BİR DEĞİŞİMİN İÇ GİRİŞİMCİLİK YOLUYLA YÖNETİMİ: ESNAF LOKANTASINDAN TEMATİK JAPON RESTORANINA GİDEN SÜREÇ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 99 - 115, 31.12.2021

Özge Büyük , Cengiz Demir

https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.992164

Öz

Esnaf lokantası iken Tematik bir Japon Restoranına dönüşen bir yiyecek içecek işletmesinin değişim yönetimi sürecini vaka incelemesi deseni aracılığı ile ele alan bu araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler MaxqDa programı aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada işletmenin iç girişimcilik özelliklerinin ne olduğu saptanmış, bu özelliklerin SERCREA+ değişim yönetimi modeli üzerinde değerlendirilen değişim yönetimi sürecine olan etkileri ortaya konmuş ayrıca, değişim sürecinde kullanılan örgütsel bilginin kaynağı saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda değişimi harekete geçiren en baskın iç girişimcilik özelliğinin duygusal zeka olduğu belirlenmiş; değişim aşamalarından biri olan yeniden tanımlama boyutuna en fazla etki eden özelliğin ise değişim odaklı olma olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Diğer yandan örgütün bu süreçte kullandığı bilginin büyük bölümünü deneyimlerinden elde ettiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda iç girişimcilik özellikleri ile değişim yönetimi süreci arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İç girişimcilik SERCREA+ MaxqDA Değişim yönetimi

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, R. (1999). Emotional intelligence in organizations: A conceptualization, Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs, 125(2), 209.
  • Aldwin, C., ve Stokols, D. (1988). The effects of environmental change on individuals and groups: Some neglected issues in stress research, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 8(1), 57-75.
  • Akgün, A. E., Byrne, J., ve Keskin, H. (2007). Organizational intelligence: A structuration view. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20(3), 272-289.
  • Appelbaum, S.H., Cameron, A., Ensink, F., Hazarika, J., Attir, R., Ezzedine, R ve Shekhar, V. (2017). Factors that impact the success of an organizational change: a case study analysis, Industrial and Commercial Training, 49(5), 213-230.
  • Armenakis, A.A., ve Bedeian, A.G. (1999). Organizational change: a review of theory and research in the 1990s, Journal of management, 25(3), 293-315.
  • Avcı, N., ve Küçükusta, D.(2009), Konaklama İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Öğrenme, Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Bahar, 20(1), 33-44.
  • Avila, E. M., Galindo, M.Á., ve Mendez, M.T. (2012). SERCREA+ Model: a business tool for change management in Mexican organizations, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 25(5),736-747.
  • Avila, E.M., Rodriguez-Aceves, L. ve Flores-Castro, M. (2016). Implementation of a Social Innovation Model for Economic Value Creation, (içinde) Handbook of Research on Social Entrepreneurship and Solidarity Economics, Saiz-Álvarez (Ed.), 111-133, Global: Mexico.
  • Azam, S.U. (2019). Peshawar Mor to New Islamabad Airport Metro Bus Project, A project submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Management & Social Sciences Department of Management Sciences.
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
  • Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır?, Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5, 426-438.
  • Beckhard, R. (1969). Organization Development: Strategies and Models, Addison Wesley: Massachusetts- USA.
  • Beckhard, R. ve Harris, R. (1977). Organizational change as a transition state, Reading, Addison-Wesley: Mass.
  • Beer, M., Eisenstat, R.A., ve Spector, B. (1990). Why change programs don’t produce change?, Harvard Business Review, 68(6), 158-166.
  • Burke, W.W., ve Litwin, G.H. (1992). A Causal model of organizational performance and change, Journal of Management, 18(3): 523-545.
  • Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: a re‐appraisal, Journal of Management Studies, 41(6), 977-1002.
  • Carpinetti, L.C., ve Lima, R.H. (2013). Institutions for collaboration in ındustrial clusters: proposal of a performance and change management model, Int. J. Prod. Manag. Eng, 1(1), 13-26.
  • Ceptureanu, E.G., ve Ceptureanu, S.I. (2012). Change management model applicable to Romanian organizations in the global economic crisis conditions, (İçinde), Proceedings of Administration and Public Management International Conference, 104-110, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services: Romanya.
  • Chen, C.K., Yu, C.H., ve Chang, H.C. (2006). ERA Model: A customer-orientated organizational change model for the public service, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 17(10), 1301-1322.
  • Clarke, A. ve Garside, J. (1997). The Development of a best practice model for change management, European Management Journal, 15(5), 537-545.
  • Covin, J.G. & Slevin, D.P. (1988), The Influence of Organization Structure on the Utility of an Entrepreneurial Top Management Style, Journal of Management Studies, 25/3, 217-234.
  • Covin, J.G. & Slevin, D.P. (1991), A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16/1, 7-25.
  • Curşeu, P.L., Pluut, H., Boroş, S., ve Meslec, N. (2015). The magic of collective emotional intelligence in learning groups: No guys needed for the spell! British Journal of Psychology, 106, 217-234.
  • Dike, V.E. (2014). Planned intervention and organisational development: the role of leadership in change initiatives, African Journalof Science Technology Innovation and Development,6(1),39-44.
  • Doğaner, A.E. (2006). Yeni Nesil Girişimci, Sistem Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Dolo, B. (2018). The redesign of quality control processes in the implementation of energy supply projects, Master of Technology Business Information Systems in the Faculty Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula Universty of Technology: South Africa.
  • Dulewicz, V., ve Higgs, M. (1999). Can Emotional Intelligence be Measured and Developed, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 20(5), 242-253.
  • Erkuş, A. (1998). Goleman'ın Duygusal Zeka Görüşünün Psikometrik Açıdan Eleştirisi ve Dinamik Etkileşimsel Model önerisi, Türk Psikoloji Yazıları. 1(1), 31-40.
  • Garg, R.K., ve Jain, S. (2007). Managing Change: A Case of Indian engineering ındustry, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 8(1-2), 65-79.
  • Garvin, D.A. (1993). Building a learning organization. Org Development, (6th. Edition), U.S.A.
  • Goleman, D. (1999), Duygusal Zeka, Varlık Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Greiner, L.E. (1967). Patterns of organization change, Harvard Business Review, 45(3), 119-130.
  • Guba, E.G. ve Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research, Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2(105), 163-194.
  • Guth, W.D., ve Ginsberg, A. (1990). Guest editors’ introduction: corporate entrepreneurship, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 5-15.
  • Güven, B. (2020). Intrapreneurship in terms of Change Management, OPUS–International Journal of Society Researches, 16(28), 846-863.
  • Hannan, M.T. ve Freeman, J. (1977). The population ecology of organizations, American Journal of Sociology, 82, 929-964.
  • Hitt, M.A., Black, J.S., ve Porter, L.W. (2009), Management, (2nd. Ed.), Pearson Prentice Hall: NJ.
  • Huy Quy, N. (1999). Emotional Capability Emotional Intelligence, and Radical Change, Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 325-345.
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  • İraz, R. ve Şimşek, G. (2004). Örgütsel değişimin gerçekleştirilmesinde liderliğin rolü: transformasyonel liderlik incelemesi, Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(7) , 99-117.
  • Jansen, P. ve Jong, R.D. (1996). Implementing organizational change: Six steps and a case study. In J.W. Pfeiffer et al. (Eds.), The 1996 Annual: 2, 229-245, Pfeiffer ve Co.: San Diego, CA-USA.
  • Jing, Z. ve Xuejun, X. (2009). Research on lean production based on organizational change model. (İçinde), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Information Technology Application, 516-519, IEEE Press: USA.
  • Judson, A. S. (1991). Changing behavior in organizations: minimizing resistance to change, Cambridge, MA: B.Blackwell.
  • Kanji, G., ve Asher, M. (1993). Understanding the change process: total quality management, Sage Publications: New York-USA.
  • Khandwalla, P.N. (1977). The Design of Organizations, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich: New York.
  • Koç Başaran, Y. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde örnekleme kuramı, The Journal of Academic Social Science, 5(4), 480-495.
  • Koçel, T. (2013). İşletme Yöneticiliği (14. Baskı), Beta Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Kolb, D.A., ve Frohman, A.L. (1970). An organisation approach to consulting. Sloan Management Review, 12(1), 51–65.
  • Kotter, J.P. (1995). Leading Change: Why transformation efforts fail?, Harvard Business Review, 73(2), 59-67.
  • Kozak, M., ve Güçlü, H . (2003). Turizm işletmelerinde değişim yönetimi üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme, ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 5 (1).
  • Leavitt, H.J. (1976). Applied organization change in industry, J.G Marcheds Handbook of Organization, 144-167, Rand McNally: Chicago.
  • Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in group dynamics, Human Relations, 1, 5-41.
  • Lippitt, R., Watson, J., ve Westley, B. (1958). The dynamics of planned change, Brace and World, Inc.: New York-USA.
  • Liu, Y., ve Perrewe, P.L. (2005). Another look at the role of emotion in the organizational change: a process model, Human Resource Management Review, 15(4), 263-280.
  • Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (1997). Proactiveness versus Competitive Aggressiveness: Teasing Apart Key Dimensions of an Entrepreneurial Orientation, Reynolds, P.D et al (Eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 47-58, Center for Entrepreneurial Studies: Wellesley, MA.
  • Martins, L.L. (2005). A Model of the effects of reputational rankings on organizational change, Organization Science, 16(6), 701-720.
  • Masovic, A. (2018). Socio-cultural factors and their impact on the performance of multinational companies, ECOFORUM, 7, 1-14.
  • McKenzie, J., ve Koening W. (1998). Kültürel yenilenme, Executive Excellence, Mayıs, 18-19.
  • Merriam, S.B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education, Revised and Expanded from Case Study Research in Education, Jossey-Bass Publishers: San Francisco-CA
  • Miles, M.B. ve Huberman, A.M. (2015). Nitel veri analizi: genişletilmiş bir kaynak kitap, (1. Baskı), S. Akbaba Altun ve A. Ersoy (Çev. Eds.), Pegem Akademi: Ankara.
  • Miller, A. (1998). Strategic management, (3th. Ed.), McGraw-Hill: Boston-USA
  • Miller, D., ve Friesen, P.H. (1982). Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: two models of strategic momentum, Strategic Management Journal, 3(1), 1-25.
  • Miller, D., ve Friesen, P.H. (1983). Strategy-making and environment, Strategic Management Journal, 4, 221-235.
  • Neumann, J.E. (1997). Negotiating entry and contracting, (içinde) J.E. Neumann, K. Kellner, ve A. Dawson-Shephers (Eds.), Developing organisational consultancy, (7–31), Routledge: London.
  • Olalı, H., ve Korzay, M. (1993). Otel işletmeciliği, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım: İstanbul.
  • Onay, M. (2015), İç girişimcilik, (İçinde), Kaygın, E., ve Güven, B. (Ed.), Girişimcilik: Temel Kavramlar, Girişimcilik Türleri, Girişimcilikte Güncel Konular, Siyahinci Akademi: İstanbul.
  • Owens, R.G. (1987). Organizational behavior in education, (2nd. Ed.), Prentice-Hall International Inc.: New Jersey.
  • Parry, W., Kirsch, C., Carey, P., ve Shaw, D. (2014). Empirical development of a model of performance drivers in organizational change projects, Journal of Change Management, 14(1), 99-125.
  • Patton, M.Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods, SAGE Publications, inc: USA.
  • Patton, M.Q. (2005). Qualitative Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: New York.
  • Pinchot, G. (1987). Innovation through ıntrapreneuring, Research Management, 30(2), 14-19.
  • Pole, J. G., Madsen, E., ve Dishman, P. (2000). Competitive intelligence as a construct for organizational change, Competitive Intelligence Review: Published in Cooperation with the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals, 11(4), 25-31.
  • Revans , R. (1983). ABC of Action Learning, Chartwell-Bratt: Bromley.
  • Rizescu, A. ve Tileag, C. (2016). Factors influencing continuous organisational change, Journal of Defense Resources Management, 7, 139-144.
  • Salisbury, F.D. (1996). Five technologies for educational change: systems thinking, systems design, quality science, change management, Instructional Technology, Educational Technology Publications, Inc.: New Jersey-USA.
  • Schein, E.H. (2006). Organizational culture and leadership, (3th. Ed.), John Wiley&Sons: New York.
  • Schmitt, A., ve Klarner, P. (2015). From snapshot to continuity: a Dynamic model of organizational adaptation to environmental changes, Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(1), 3-1.
  • Seale, C. (1999). Quality in qualitative research, Qualitative Inquiry, 5(4), 465-478.
  • Shield, J.L. (1999). Transforming organizations, Information Knowledge Systems Management, 1(2), 105-115.
  • Skvarciany, V., ve Iljins, J. (2015). The role of change management in trust formation in commercial banks. Verslas: Teorija Ir Praktika, 16, 373-378.
  • Sop, S.A., ve Metin, T.C. (2006). Turizmde örgütsel değişim modellerinin kullanımı üzerine kavramsal bir araştırma, 254-269, VIII. Lisansüstü Turizm Öğrencileri Araştırma Kongresi (28 Nisan-01 Mayıs): Avanos-Nevşehir.
  • Spencer, L., Ritchie, J., ve O’Connor, W. (2003). Analysis: practices, principles and processes. In Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers, Sage: London.
  • Stopford, J., ve Baden-Fuller, C. (1994). Creating Corporate Entrepreneurship, Strategic Management Journal, 15, 521 - 536.
  • Subaşı, M., ve Okumuş, K. (2017). Bir araştırma yöntemi olarak durum çalışması, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 419-426.
  • Tashakkori, A., ve Teddlie, C. (2010). Sage Handbook Of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research, (2nd. Ed.), Sage: Thousand Oaks-CA.
  • Teddlie, C., ve Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples, Journal of mixed methods research, 1(1), 77-100.
  • Tekin, M., Güleş, H.K., ve Öğüt, A. (2007). Değişim çağında teknoloji yönetimi, Gazi Kitabevi: Ankara.
  • Tetenbaum, T. J. (1998). Shifting paradigms: from Newton to chaos, Organizational Dynamics, 26, 21-32.
  • Thomas G., ve Worley, C.G. (2009). Organization development & change, South-Western Cengage Learning: Mason- USA.
  • Toffler, A. (1989), Uyumlu şirket, (çev. Y., Güneri), İlgi Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Tong, X. (2016). Leading the change of human resource development in China: a strategic plan, International Conference of Academy of Human Resource Development in America, At Jacksonville: Florida.
  • Van de Ven, A.H., ve Poole, M.S. (1995). Explaining development and change in organizations, Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 510-540.
  • Yeşil, A. (2018). Örgütlerde değişimin önemi ve değişim yönetimi üzerine kavramsal bir değerlendirme, Uluslararası Akademik Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(5), 307-323.
  • Zhou, K., Tse, D., ve Li, J. (2006). Organizational changes in emerging economies, Journal of International Business Studies, 37, 248-263.
Toplam 95 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Özgün Bilimsel Makale
Yazarlar

Özge Büyük 0000-0003-2058-8510

Cengiz Demir 0000-0003-0753-1448

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Büyük, Ö., & Demir, C. (2021). BİR DEĞİŞİMİN İÇ GİRİŞİMCİLİK YOLUYLA YÖNETİMİ: ESNAF LOKANTASINDAN TEMATİK JAPON RESTORANINA GİDEN SÜREÇ. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 5(2), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.992164
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