Therapeutic Recreation Support Practice: Children Saving Dormitory Camps

Yıl 2024, , 701 - 711, 25.05.2024

Erdoğan Ekinci , Bülent Gürbüz , Halil Sarol

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1459610

Öz

Therapeutic recreation is a process that supports individuals with physical, cognitive, emotional, and social limitations to increase their skills, knowledge, and behaviors through participation in recreational activities. This process provides opportunities to engage in recreational activities and is seen as a field that makes the lives of children facing difficulties and limitations meaningful. This research aims to examine the institutional structure of the Children's Saving Dormitory Camps (CSDC), which operated in Istanbul between 1933 and 1938, and to reveal the content of therapeutic recreation practices in organized nature camps. The document analysis technique, a qualitative research data collection method, was used in this study. The data in this study were obtained through text-based documents such as state archives, newspapers, and a comprehensive literature review. According to the research findings, the CSDC, established in 1933, aimed to help street children adapt to social life and become beneficial individuals for society. In this context, vocational and academic education, physical activities, and nature camps were organized for the children. The camps organized within the framework of CSDC included therapeutic recreation practices consisting of various physical activities such as swimming, hiking, and camping to support the rehabilitation process of street children. As a result, the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of street children is supported through camps, physical activities, and therapeutic recreation practices consisting of various games.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Therapeutic Recreation, Physical Activity, Children Saving Dormitory Camps

Kaynakça

• Alaçam, S. (1933, 2 December). Expansion of the children's rescue centre. Last Post Newspaper. pp. 7.
• Alaçam, S. (1937, 1 July). Children saving dormitory. Yarım Ay. pp. 8-9.
• American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA). (2020). What is recreational therapy. https://www.atraonline.com/page/AboutRecTherapy. Access date: 14.12.2023.
• Austin, D. R., Crawford, M. E., McCormick, B. P., & Van Puymbroeck, M. (2020). Recreational therapy: An introduction. Sagamore Venture.
• Bayazoğlu, Ü. (2022). Kazim Zafir, a man of compassion and mercy. In. Long, Thin Travellers, İstanbul: Aras Publishing.
• Burgaç, M. (2018). Children of war the problem of street children in Istanbul during the Second World War and the search for solutions. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 18(2), 173-182. [CrossRef]
• Cenk, Y. Z. (1935, 15 May). Children born again into the community. Cumhuriyet Newspaper. pp. 9.
• Çağlar, D. (1982). Care and education opportunities provided to children in need of protection during Atatürk and the Republic. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal, 15(2), 1-21. [CrossRef]
• Dunkley, C. M. (2009). A therapeutic taskscape: Theorizing place-making, discipline and care at a camp for troubled youth. Health & Place, 15(1), 88-96. [CrossRef]
• Erenel, L. (1936, 30 July). At the saving dormitory for juvenile delinquents. Tan Newspaper. pp. 7.
• Feridun, H. (1933, 25 November). How pickpocket, punk kids are turned into good people. Akşam Newspaper. pp. 6. Fındıkoğlu, Z. F. (1942). Children saving dormitory. İş, 9(2), 205-211.
• Frances, K. (2006). Outdoor recreation as an occupation to improve quality of life for people with enduring mental health problems. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(4), 182-186. [CrossRef]
• Frost, J. L. (2010). A history of children’s play and play environments: Toward a contemporary child-saving movement. New York: Routledge.
• Frost, J. (2012). Evolution of American playgrounds. Scholarpedia, 7(12), 30423. [CrossRef]
• Genoe, M. R., Cripps, D., Park, K., Nelson, S., Ostryzniuk, L., & Boser, D. (2021). Meanings of therapeutic recreation: Professionals’ perspectives. Leisure/loisir, 45(1), 35-51. [CrossRef]
• Gesler, W. M. (1992). Therapeutic landscapes: Medical issues in light of the new cultural geography. Social Science & Medicine, 34(7), 735-746. [CrossRef] Goodley, D. (2011). Disability studies: An interdisciplinary introduction. London: Sage Published.
• Gökpınar, İ. A. (1935, 13 April). Miserable children saving dormitory. Haber Newspaper. pp. 7.
• Güngör, S. (1938, 3 March). An inspection at a children saving dormitory. Cumhuriyet Newspaper. pp. 5.
• Hardy, S., & Ingham, A. G. (1983). Games, structures, and agency: Historians on the American play movement. Journal of Social History, 17(2), 285-301. [CrossRef]
• Harmon, J., & Kyle, G. (2022) Connecting to the trail: Natural spaces as places of healing. Leisure Sciences, 44(8), 1112-1127. [CrossRef]
• Harper, N. J. (2017). Wilderness therapy, therapeutic camping and adventure education in child and youth care literature: A scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 83, 68-79. [CrossRef]
• Harper, N., Rose, K., & Segal, D. (2019). Nature-based therapy: A practitioner’s guide to working outdoors with children, youth, and families. Gabriola Island, Canada: New Society Publishers.
• Huff, C., Widmer, M., McCoy, K., & Hill, B. (2003). The influence of challenging outdoor recreation on parent-adolescent communication. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 37(1), 18-37.
• Hutchinson, S. L., LeBlanc, A., & Booth, R. (2006). More than” just having fun”: Reconsidering the role of enjoyment in therapeutic recreation practice. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 40(4), 220.
• Hutchinson, S. L., Bland, A. D., & Kleiber, D. A. (2008). Leisure and stress-coping: Implications for therapeutic recreation practice. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 42(1), 9-23.
• In the children saving dormitory: Tough children softened by washing. (1933, 17 November). Vakit Gazetesi. pp. 6. Kiehl, W. (1937). Une ecole pour les gamins des rues san fammile a Istanbul. Internationalen Zentralbüro Freude und Arbeit, 2(10), 132-133.
• Kiernan, G., & Maclachlan, M. (2002). Children’s perspectives of therapeutic recreation: Data from the Barretstown Studies. Journal of Health Psychology, 7(5), 599-614. [CrossRef]
• Kiernan, G., Gormley, M., & Maclachlan, M. (2004). Outcomes associated with participation in a therapeutic recreation camping programme for children from 15 European countries: Data from the Barretstown studies. Social Science & Medicine, 59(5), 903-913. [CrossRef]
• Koç, B. (2007). Some views on the functions of Ottoman reformatories. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 36-50.
• Kolanowski, A. M., Buettner, L., Costa, P., & Litaker, M. (2001). Capturing interests: Therapeutic recreation activities for persons with dementia. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 35(3), 220-235.
• Mahut, M. E., & Fortune, D. (2021). Social prescribing and therapeutic recreation: Making the connection. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 55(2), 135-149. [CrossRef]
• McCurdy, L. E., Winterbottom, K. E., Mehta, S. S., & Roberts, J. R. (2010). Using nature and outdoor activity to improve children’s health. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 40(5), 102-117. [CrossRef]
• Mitchell, R., & Popham, F. (2008). Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: An observational population study. The Lancet, 372(9650), 1655-1660. [CrossRef]
• Mobily, K. E., & Dieser, R. B. (2018). Seeking alternatives in therapeutic recreation/recreation therapy: A social/recreation community model. Leisure/Loisir, 42(1), 1-23. [CrossRef]
• Municipality Law. (1930, 14 April). Resmî Gazete. (Issue: 1471). Access address: https://www.resmigazete. gov.tr/arsiv/1471.pdf
• National Therapeutic Recreation Society (NTSR). (2000). NTRS Code of Ethics. https://www. recreationtherapy.com/history/ntrs.htm Access date: 14.12.2023.
• Normal and abnormal children separated. (1939, 4 June). Akşam Gazetesi. pp. 7.
• Özkan, U. B. (2020). Document review method for educational sciences research. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Papp, Z. K., Somogyi, B., Wilson, C., & Török, S. (2023). Acquiring life skills at therapeutic recreational based camp among Hungarian youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 150, 106999. [CrossRef]
• Peacock, R. (1994). Street children. Africa Insight, 24(2), 138-143.
• Platt, A. (1969). The rise of the child-saving movement: A study in social policy and correctional reform. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 381(1), 21-38. [CrossRef]
• Ramsawh, H. J., & Wynn, G. H. (2016). Recreatinal therapy for PTSD. Benedek D M., Waynn G H. (Ed.). Complementary and alternative medicinefor PTSD. Published in the United States of Americaby Oxford University Press.
• Shelden, R. G., & Osborne, L. T. (1989). For their own good: Class interests and the child saving movement in Memphis, Tennessee, 1900-1917. Criminology, 27(4), 747-767. [CrossRef]
• Smith, M. B. (2006). The ego ideal of the good camper and the nature of summer camp. Environmental History, 11(1), 70-101. [CrossRef]
• Sönmez, V., & Alacapınar, F. G. (2016). Preparing measurement tools in social sciences. Ankara: Anı Publishing.
• Stea, T. H., Jong, M. C., Fegran, L., Sejersted, E., Jong, M., Wahlgren, S. L., & Fernee, C. R. (2022). Mapping the concept, content, and outcome of family-based outdoor therapy for children and adolescents with mental health problems: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 5825. [CrossRef]
• Sylvester, C. (2011). Therapeutic recreation, the international classification of functioning, disability, and health, and the capability approach. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 45(2), 85-104.
• Sylvester, C. (2014). Therapeutic recreation and disability studies: Seeking an alliance. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 48(1), 46-60.
• Sylvester, C., Voelkl, J. E., & Ellis, G, D. (2001). Therapeutic recreation programming: Theory and practice. Venture Publishing, Inc.
• Şeref, A. (1936, 14 July). Among the orphans: A reportage from the dormitory's workshop. Açık Söz. pp. 5. T.C. Başvekâlet. (1933). Decree. Cumhuriyet Arşivi, Date: 16.07.1933, Issue: 14722, Place no: 02.38.53.1
• T.C. Maarif Vekilliği. (1940). High Office of the Prime Minister. Republic Archive, Date: 03.05.1940, Issue: 11471, Place no: 174.201.6
• Tunç, Y. (2018). Delineation of a politico-scientific complex to govern the “abnormal” child: Mental hygiene, vocational curriculum, and Republican imag
• inations of re/productive citizenry, Turkey (1930-1950). Paedagogica Historica, 54, 1-2, 204-220. [CrossRef]
• Walker, D. A., & Pearman, D. (2009). Therapeutic recreation camps: An effective intervention for children and young people with chronic illness. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 94(5), 401-406. [CrossRef]
• Yang, J., Shafran, R., Bennett, S. D., Jolly, A., & Morant, N. (2022). The impact of therapeutic recreation camps in the United Kingdom on the wellbeing of youth with serious illness and disability: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 67, 31-37. [CrossRef]
• Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Qualitative research methods in social sciences. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
• Zafir, K. (1933). Children saving dormitory. İstanbul: Printing and Publishing Turkish Joint Stock Company.
• Zafir, K. (1934). La maison de protection pour les enfants vagabonds. La Turquie Kemaliste, 4, 13-19.
• Zafir, K. (1937). Heybeliada camp, children saving dormitory. New Turkish, 5(60), 1264-1267.