Evaluation of Health-Related Physical Fitness Profiles of Turkish Students in Urban and Rural School Districts

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 29 - 37, 21.07.2018

Gökhan Umutlu , Nasuh Evrim Acar , Yağmur Akkoyunlu

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.432510

Öz

Physical fitness (PF) is an important element for overall
health. The scope of the current study was to investigate the level of physical
fitness of 12-14 aged students in urban and rural school districts and it's
relation to the rate of physical activity participation. A total of 214
students (100 boys and 114 girls) were enrolled in this research, respectively.
PF was assessed using five tests from the Fitnessgram Test Battery. According
to Fitnessgram health-related fitness standards the prevalence of percent body
fat (NI-Health Risk: 22.8% vs. 11.5%; NI: 43.3% vs. 19.5; HFZ: 33.1% vs. 69.0%;
Very Lean: 0.8% vs. 0%); BMI (NI-Health Risk: 4.7% vs. 2.3%; NI: 17.3% vs. 5.7%;
HFZ: 67.7% vs. 78.2%; Very Lean: 10.2% vs. 13.8%) and VO2max (NI: 12.6% vs. 0%;
HFZ: 87.4% vs. 100%) were found in the overall sample in urban and rural school districts,
respectively. As stated in Kruskal-Wallis H test results, the students in the
urban school districts had significantly higher body weight (x²(1) =20.44, p=0,000),
percent body fat(x²(1)
=20.49, p=0.000), BMI(x²(1)
=15.45, p=0.000) and significantly lower VO2max (x²(1) =11.21, p=0.001), curl-ups (x²(1) =54.77, p=0.000), 90^o push-ups (x²(1) =5.09, p=0.024) and PA
participation rates (x²(1)
=85.02, p=0.000) compared to 
counterparts in the rural school districts. In conclusion, the physical
activity participation levels of the overall students were positively
associated with the school district, VO2max, curl-up, and push-up. However, it was negatively correlated with body weight, percent body fat, and
BMI in urban and rural school districts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fitnessgram, physical fitness, exercise, youth, BMI

Kaynakça

• Bandopadhyay, A., Basak, A.K., Tripathy, S., Bandopadhyay, P. (2006). PEFR in female brickfield workers of West Bengal India. Ergonomics, 18(1):22-7.
• Fanning, J., Mullen, S.P., McAuley, E. (2012). Increasing Physical Activity with mobile devices: A Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 14(6):e161.
• Freudenberg, N. (2000). Time for a national agenda to improve the health of urban populations. Am J Public Health, 90:837–840.
• Geronimus, A.T. (2000). To mitigate, resist, or undo: addressing structural influences on the health of urban populations. Am J Public Health, 90:867–872.
• Graham, G., Hale, S. A., Parker, M. (2001). Children moving: a reflective approach to teaching physical education. Mountain View, California, Mayfield Publishing Company.
• Greenwald, R., Hedges, L.V., & Laine, R. D. (1996). The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement. Review of Educational Research, 66(3), 361-372.
• Hamilton, M.T., Hamilton, D.G., Zderic, T.W. (2007). Role of low energy expenditure and sitting in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes, 56:2655–2667.
• Meredith, M.D. & Welk, G.J. (2010). Fitnessgram®/Activitygram®Test Administration Manual (4th Ed.), Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 3-4.
• Nair, R.H., Kesavachandran, C., Sanil, R., Sreekumar, R., Shashidhar, S. (1997). Prediction equation for lung functions in South Indian children. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 41(4):390-6.
• Ortega, F.B., Ruiz, J.R., Castillo, M.J., Sjostrom, M. (2008). Physical fıtness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes, 32:1–11.
• Plowman, S.A., Sterling, C.L., Corbin, C.B., Meredith, M.D., Welk, G.J., & Morrow, J.R., Jr. (2006). The History of FITNESSGRAM®. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 3(Suppl.2), S5-S20.
• Plowman, S.A. (2014). Top 10 research questions related to musculoskeletal physical fitness testing in children and adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 85: 174-187.
• Racettea, S.B., Uhricha, M.L., Whitec M.L., Liyang Y.B., Clarka, Ruth. (2017) Sex differences in FITNESSGRAM® health risk based on aerobic capacity and body composition among urban public elementary school children. Preventive Medicine, 103:56–59.
• Slaughter, M.H., Lohman, T.G., Boileau, R.A., Horewill, C.A., Stillman, R.J., VanLoan, M.D., Bemben, D.A. (1988). Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Hum Biol, 60: 709–723.