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Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 6, 1216 - 1227
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1452683

Öz

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of structured core stabilization exercise program on pain and muscle performance in individuals with scapular dyskinesis. Methods: The study commenced obtaining ethical clearance from an institutional committee, briefing participants about the research and intervention, and obtaining informed consent. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 90 participants were enrolled for the research among which 80 participants enrolled in this study and were allocated into 2 groups at random- Group A (Control group) as well as Group B (Experimental group) by using the envelope method. Treatment was provided for about 6 weeks to both groups.Pre and post test examination was done using Individual Muscle Testing (IMT), core strength testing with Pressure Biofeedback (PB), shoulder joint range of motion (ROM) with Goniometry, in addition with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. Statistical methods were utilised to analyse the results. Findings: This research found substantial improvements in pain, individual muscle testing and shoulder range of motion for flexion and abduction in two groups (p-value <0.0001), whereas, for internal and external rotation, group A showed p value of 0.0193 and 0.0098, whereas, group B showed p value of <0.0001 and 0.2399.Group B showed more improvement in pressure biofeedback unit (p<0.0001) as compared to Group A (p value 0.0208). Conclusion: The present research observed that a structured core stabilization exercise program had shown a significantly enhanced improving muscle performance and reducing pain in individuals with scapular dyskinesis.

Etik Beyan

Ethical authorization was granted by means of the institutional ethical committee of KVVDU, Karad (Protocol No.: 116/2022-2023)

Proje Numarası

Protocol No.: 116/2022-2023

Kaynakça

  • Atta, R.M., Ata, H.K., Aneis, M., & Diab, A.A. (2018). Correlation between scapular muscle endurance and core muscle endurance in subject with chronic shoulder pain. J Adv Multidiscip Res, 5(10), 4157-4161. [PubMed]
  • Biscarini, A., Contemori, S., & Grolla, G. (2019). Activation of scapular and lumbopelvic muscles during core exercises executed on a whole-body wobble board. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 28(6), 623-634. [PubMed]
  • Bliss, L. S., & Teeple, P. (2005). Core stability: the centerpiece of any training program. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 4(3), 179-183.[ PubMed]
  • Bliven H. Ok. C., Anderson, B.E. (2013). Core stability coaching for harm prevention. Sports activities Well being, 5(6), 514-22. [PubMed]
  • Boonstra, A. M., Schiphorst Preuper, H. R., Reneman, M. F., Posthumus, J. B., & Stewart, R. E. (2008). Reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale for disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation, 31(2), 165–169. [PubMed]
  • Brumitt, J., & Dale, R. B. (2009). Integrating shoulder and core exercises when rehabilitating athletes performing overhead activities. North American journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT, 4(3), 132. [CrossRef]
  • Burkhart, S. S., Morgan, C. D., & Kibler, W. B. (2003). The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology Part III: The SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 19(6), 641–661. [PubMed]
  • Cortell-Tormo, J. M., García-Jaén, M., Chulvi-Medrano, I., Hernández-Sánchez, S., Lucas-Cuevas, Á. G., & Tortosa-Martínez, J. (2017). Influence of Scapular Position on the Core Musculature Activation in the Prone Plank Exercise. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 31(8), 2255–2262. [PubMed]
  • Crosbie, J., Kilbreath, S. L., Hollmann, L., & York, S. (2008). Scapulohumeral rhythm and associated spinal motion. Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 23(2), 184–192. [PubMed]
  • Ellenbecker, T. S., & Aoki, R. (2020). Step by Step Guide to Understanding the Kinetic Chain Concept in the Overhead Athlete. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 13(2), 155–163. [PubMed]
  • Hazar, Z., Ulug, N., & Yuksel, I. (2014). Is there a relation between shoulder dysfunction and core instability?. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2(11_suppl3), 2325967114S00173. [CrossRef]
  • Henning, L. E. (2016). Clinical tests of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex function in Individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis: Implications for identifying individuals at risk for upper extremity injury (Doctoral dissertation, Auburn University). [CrossRef]
  • Hertling, D., & Kessler, R. M. (2006). Management of common musculoskeletal disorders: physical therapy principles and methods. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [CrossRef]
  • Huxel Bliven, K. C., & Anderson, B. E. (2013). Core stability training for injury prevention. Sports Health, 5(6), 514-522. [PubMed]
  • Jildeh, T. R., Ference, D. A., Abbas, M. J., Jiang, E. X., & Okoroha, K. R. (2021). Scapulothoracic Dyskinesis: A Concept Review. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 14(3), 246–254. [PubMed]
  • Kaur, N., Bhanot, K., Brody, L. T., Bridges, J., Berry, D. C., & Ode, J. J. (2014). Effects of lower extremity and trunk muscles recruitment on serratus anterior muscle activation in healthy male adults. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(7), 924–937. [CrossRef]
  • Kibler W. B. (1998). The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 325–337. [PubMed]
  • Kika, K. (2018). The Effects of Trunk Stabilization on Shoulder Pain Secondary to Scapular Dyskinesia (Doctoral dissertation, Azusa Pacific University). [PubMed]
  • Kisner C, Colby LA, Borstad J. (2027). Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. Fa Davis; 2017 Oct 18. [CrossRef]
  • Kumar, T., Kumar, S., Nezamuddin, M., & Sharma, V. P. (2015). Efficacy of core muscle strengthening exercise in chronic low back pain patients. Journal of Back And Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 28(4), 699-707. [PubMed]
  • Lee, K. (2021). The relationship of trunk muscle activation and core stability: a biomechanical analysis of pilates-based stabilization exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12804. [PubMed]
  • Maenhout, A., Van Praet, K., Pizzi, L., Van Herzeele, M., & Cools, A. (2010). Electromyographic analysis of knee push up plus variations: what is the influence of the kinetic chain on scapular muscle activity?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(14), 1010-1015. [PubMed]
  • Mattson, J. M., Russo, S. A., Rose, W. C., Rowley, K. M., & Richards, J. G. (2012). Identification of scapular kinematics using surface mapping: a validation study. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(12), 2176-2179. [PubMed]
  • McClure, P. W., Michener, L. A., & Karduna, A. R. (2006). Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome. Physical Therapy, 86(8), 1075-1090. [CrossRef]
  • McClure, P. W., Michener, L. A., Sennett, B. J., & Karduna, A. R. (2001). Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo. Journal of Shoulder And Elbow Surgery, 10(3), 269-277. [PubMed]
  • Micoogullari, M., Uygur, S. F., & Yosmaoglu, H. B. (2023). Effect of Scapular Stabilizer Muscles Strength on Scapular Position. Sports Health, 15(3), 349–356. [PubMed]
  • Oliver, G. D., & Adams-Blair, H. R. (2010). Improving core strength to prevent injury. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 81(7), 15-19. [CrossRef]
  • Paine, R. M., & Voight, M. (1993). The role of the scapula. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 18(1), 386–391.[ PubMed]
  • Panagiotopoulos, A. C., & Crowther, I. M. (2019). Scapular Dyskinesia, the forgotten culprit of shoulder pain and how to rehabilitate. SICOT-J, 5, 29. [PubMed]
  • Park, S. D., & Yu, S. H. (2013). The effects of abdominal draw-in maneuver and core exercise on abdominal muscle thickness and Oswestry disability index in subjects with chronic low back pain. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 9(2), 286–291. [PubMed]
  • Pires, E. D., & Camargo, P. R. (2018). Analysis of the kinetic chain in asymptomatic individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis. Clinical Biomechanics, 54, 8-15. [PubMed]
  • Roche, S. J., Funk, L., Sciascia, A., & Kibler, W. B. (2015). Scapular dyskinesis: the surgeon’s perspective. Shoulder & Elbow, 7(4), 289-297. [PubMed]
  • Sağlam, G., & Telli, H. (2022). The prevalence of scapular dyskinesia in patients with back, neck, and shoulder pain and the effect of this combination on pain and muscle shortness. Sırt, boyun ve omuz ağrısı olan hastalarda skapular diskinezi prevalansı ve bu kombinasyonun ağrı ve kas kısalığı üzerine etkisi. Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 34(2), 100–108. [PubMed]
  • Saini, S. S., Shah, S. S., & Curtis, A. S. (2020). Scapular Dyskinesis and the Kinetic Chain: Recognizing Dysfunction and Treating Injury in the Tennis Athlete. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 13(6), 748–756. [PubMed]
  • Shah, P. S., & Shinde, S. B. (2018). Effect of desensitization methods during the early mobilization phase in post-fracture conditions of upper extremity. Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research, 11(7),93-96. [CrossRef]
  • Shinde, S. B., Shah, S. P. (2023). Various Patterns of Spinal Muscle Imbalances in Shoulder Joint Dysfunction-A Systematic Review. International Journal of Natural Sciences,14(79),58035-58045. [PubMed]
  • Shinde, S. B., Dalvi, S. K., & Shinde, R. V. (2023). Gleno-Humeral Translations in Overhead Workers with SubAcromial Impingement Syndrome-A Review. Int. J. Occup. Safety Health, 13(4), 548-559. [CrossRef]
  • Shinde, S., Vaidya, A., & Bhore, P. R. (2022). Correlation between the Guyon Canal Syndrome and the Forward Head Posture in Prolonged Smartphone Users. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 12(4), 276-283. [CrossRef]
  • Struyf, F., Nijs, J., Mottram, S., Roussel, N. A., Cools, A. M., & Meeusen, R. (2014). Clinical assessment of the scapula: a review of the literature. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(11), 883–890. [PubMed]
  • Toprak Çelenay, Ş., & Özer Kaya, D. (2017). An 8-week thoracic spine stabilization exercise program improves postural back pain, spine alignment, postural sway, and core endurance in university students:a randomized controlled study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 47(2), 504–513. [PubMed]
  • van Rooijen, D. E., Lalli, S., Marinus, J., Maihöfner, C., McCabe, C. S., Munts, A. G., van der Plas, A. A., Tijssen, M. A., van de Warrenburg, B. P., Albanese, A., & van Hilten, J. J. (2015). Reliability and validity of the range of motion scale (ROMS) in patients with abnormal postures. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 16(3), 488–493. [PubMed]
  • Vijian, K., Cheng, Y. T., Idris, Z., Izaini Ghani, A. R., Abdul Halim, S., & Abdullah, J. M. (2023). Manual Muscle Testing of the Scapula and the Upper Limb through Bedside Examination. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS, 30(1), 198–212. [PubMed]
  • Willard, F. H., Vleeming, A., Schuenke, M. D., Danneels, L., & Schleip, R. (2012). The thoracolumbar fascia: anatomy, function and clinical considerations. Journal of Anatomy, 221(6), 507-536. [PubMed]
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 6, 1216 - 1227
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1452683

Öz

Proje Numarası

Protocol No.: 116/2022-2023

Kaynakça

  • Atta, R.M., Ata, H.K., Aneis, M., & Diab, A.A. (2018). Correlation between scapular muscle endurance and core muscle endurance in subject with chronic shoulder pain. J Adv Multidiscip Res, 5(10), 4157-4161. [PubMed]
  • Biscarini, A., Contemori, S., & Grolla, G. (2019). Activation of scapular and lumbopelvic muscles during core exercises executed on a whole-body wobble board. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 28(6), 623-634. [PubMed]
  • Bliss, L. S., & Teeple, P. (2005). Core stability: the centerpiece of any training program. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 4(3), 179-183.[ PubMed]
  • Bliven H. Ok. C., Anderson, B.E. (2013). Core stability coaching for harm prevention. Sports activities Well being, 5(6), 514-22. [PubMed]
  • Boonstra, A. M., Schiphorst Preuper, H. R., Reneman, M. F., Posthumus, J. B., & Stewart, R. E. (2008). Reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale for disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation, 31(2), 165–169. [PubMed]
  • Brumitt, J., & Dale, R. B. (2009). Integrating shoulder and core exercises when rehabilitating athletes performing overhead activities. North American journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT, 4(3), 132. [CrossRef]
  • Burkhart, S. S., Morgan, C. D., & Kibler, W. B. (2003). The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology Part III: The SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 19(6), 641–661. [PubMed]
  • Cortell-Tormo, J. M., García-Jaén, M., Chulvi-Medrano, I., Hernández-Sánchez, S., Lucas-Cuevas, Á. G., & Tortosa-Martínez, J. (2017). Influence of Scapular Position on the Core Musculature Activation in the Prone Plank Exercise. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 31(8), 2255–2262. [PubMed]
  • Crosbie, J., Kilbreath, S. L., Hollmann, L., & York, S. (2008). Scapulohumeral rhythm and associated spinal motion. Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 23(2), 184–192. [PubMed]
  • Ellenbecker, T. S., & Aoki, R. (2020). Step by Step Guide to Understanding the Kinetic Chain Concept in the Overhead Athlete. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 13(2), 155–163. [PubMed]
  • Hazar, Z., Ulug, N., & Yuksel, I. (2014). Is there a relation between shoulder dysfunction and core instability?. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2(11_suppl3), 2325967114S00173. [CrossRef]
  • Henning, L. E. (2016). Clinical tests of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex function in Individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis: Implications for identifying individuals at risk for upper extremity injury (Doctoral dissertation, Auburn University). [CrossRef]
  • Hertling, D., & Kessler, R. M. (2006). Management of common musculoskeletal disorders: physical therapy principles and methods. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [CrossRef]
  • Huxel Bliven, K. C., & Anderson, B. E. (2013). Core stability training for injury prevention. Sports Health, 5(6), 514-522. [PubMed]
  • Jildeh, T. R., Ference, D. A., Abbas, M. J., Jiang, E. X., & Okoroha, K. R. (2021). Scapulothoracic Dyskinesis: A Concept Review. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 14(3), 246–254. [PubMed]
  • Kaur, N., Bhanot, K., Brody, L. T., Bridges, J., Berry, D. C., & Ode, J. J. (2014). Effects of lower extremity and trunk muscles recruitment on serratus anterior muscle activation in healthy male adults. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(7), 924–937. [CrossRef]
  • Kibler W. B. (1998). The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 325–337. [PubMed]
  • Kika, K. (2018). The Effects of Trunk Stabilization on Shoulder Pain Secondary to Scapular Dyskinesia (Doctoral dissertation, Azusa Pacific University). [PubMed]
  • Kisner C, Colby LA, Borstad J. (2027). Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. Fa Davis; 2017 Oct 18. [CrossRef]
  • Kumar, T., Kumar, S., Nezamuddin, M., & Sharma, V. P. (2015). Efficacy of core muscle strengthening exercise in chronic low back pain patients. Journal of Back And Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 28(4), 699-707. [PubMed]
  • Lee, K. (2021). The relationship of trunk muscle activation and core stability: a biomechanical analysis of pilates-based stabilization exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12804. [PubMed]
  • Maenhout, A., Van Praet, K., Pizzi, L., Van Herzeele, M., & Cools, A. (2010). Electromyographic analysis of knee push up plus variations: what is the influence of the kinetic chain on scapular muscle activity?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(14), 1010-1015. [PubMed]
  • Mattson, J. M., Russo, S. A., Rose, W. C., Rowley, K. M., & Richards, J. G. (2012). Identification of scapular kinematics using surface mapping: a validation study. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(12), 2176-2179. [PubMed]
  • McClure, P. W., Michener, L. A., & Karduna, A. R. (2006). Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome. Physical Therapy, 86(8), 1075-1090. [CrossRef]
  • McClure, P. W., Michener, L. A., Sennett, B. J., & Karduna, A. R. (2001). Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo. Journal of Shoulder And Elbow Surgery, 10(3), 269-277. [PubMed]
  • Micoogullari, M., Uygur, S. F., & Yosmaoglu, H. B. (2023). Effect of Scapular Stabilizer Muscles Strength on Scapular Position. Sports Health, 15(3), 349–356. [PubMed]
  • Oliver, G. D., & Adams-Blair, H. R. (2010). Improving core strength to prevent injury. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 81(7), 15-19. [CrossRef]
  • Paine, R. M., & Voight, M. (1993). The role of the scapula. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 18(1), 386–391.[ PubMed]
  • Panagiotopoulos, A. C., & Crowther, I. M. (2019). Scapular Dyskinesia, the forgotten culprit of shoulder pain and how to rehabilitate. SICOT-J, 5, 29. [PubMed]
  • Park, S. D., & Yu, S. H. (2013). The effects of abdominal draw-in maneuver and core exercise on abdominal muscle thickness and Oswestry disability index in subjects with chronic low back pain. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 9(2), 286–291. [PubMed]
  • Pires, E. D., & Camargo, P. R. (2018). Analysis of the kinetic chain in asymptomatic individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis. Clinical Biomechanics, 54, 8-15. [PubMed]
  • Roche, S. J., Funk, L., Sciascia, A., & Kibler, W. B. (2015). Scapular dyskinesis: the surgeon’s perspective. Shoulder & Elbow, 7(4), 289-297. [PubMed]
  • Sağlam, G., & Telli, H. (2022). The prevalence of scapular dyskinesia in patients with back, neck, and shoulder pain and the effect of this combination on pain and muscle shortness. Sırt, boyun ve omuz ağrısı olan hastalarda skapular diskinezi prevalansı ve bu kombinasyonun ağrı ve kas kısalığı üzerine etkisi. Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 34(2), 100–108. [PubMed]
  • Saini, S. S., Shah, S. S., & Curtis, A. S. (2020). Scapular Dyskinesis and the Kinetic Chain: Recognizing Dysfunction and Treating Injury in the Tennis Athlete. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 13(6), 748–756. [PubMed]
  • Shah, P. S., & Shinde, S. B. (2018). Effect of desensitization methods during the early mobilization phase in post-fracture conditions of upper extremity. Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research, 11(7),93-96. [CrossRef]
  • Shinde, S. B., Shah, S. P. (2023). Various Patterns of Spinal Muscle Imbalances in Shoulder Joint Dysfunction-A Systematic Review. International Journal of Natural Sciences,14(79),58035-58045. [PubMed]
  • Shinde, S. B., Dalvi, S. K., & Shinde, R. V. (2023). Gleno-Humeral Translations in Overhead Workers with SubAcromial Impingement Syndrome-A Review. Int. J. Occup. Safety Health, 13(4), 548-559. [CrossRef]
  • Shinde, S., Vaidya, A., & Bhore, P. R. (2022). Correlation between the Guyon Canal Syndrome and the Forward Head Posture in Prolonged Smartphone Users. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 12(4), 276-283. [CrossRef]
  • Struyf, F., Nijs, J., Mottram, S., Roussel, N. A., Cools, A. M., & Meeusen, R. (2014). Clinical assessment of the scapula: a review of the literature. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(11), 883–890. [PubMed]
  • Toprak Çelenay, Ş., & Özer Kaya, D. (2017). An 8-week thoracic spine stabilization exercise program improves postural back pain, spine alignment, postural sway, and core endurance in university students:a randomized controlled study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 47(2), 504–513. [PubMed]
  • van Rooijen, D. E., Lalli, S., Marinus, J., Maihöfner, C., McCabe, C. S., Munts, A. G., van der Plas, A. A., Tijssen, M. A., van de Warrenburg, B. P., Albanese, A., & van Hilten, J. J. (2015). Reliability and validity of the range of motion scale (ROMS) in patients with abnormal postures. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 16(3), 488–493. [PubMed]
  • Vijian, K., Cheng, Y. T., Idris, Z., Izaini Ghani, A. R., Abdul Halim, S., & Abdullah, J. M. (2023). Manual Muscle Testing of the Scapula and the Upper Limb through Bedside Examination. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS, 30(1), 198–212. [PubMed]
  • Willard, F. H., Vleeming, A., Schuenke, M. D., Danneels, L., & Schleip, R. (2012). The thoracolumbar fascia: anatomy, function and clinical considerations. Journal of Anatomy, 221(6), 507-536. [PubMed]
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Fizyoterapi
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Sakshi Shah 0000-0003-4735-786X

Sandeep Shinde 0000-0002-6466-3888

Pooja Jain 0000-0002-1414-1520

Proje Numarası Protocol No.: 116/2022-2023
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Kasım 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 17 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Shah, S., Shinde, S., & Jain, P. (2024). Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(6), 1216-1227. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1452683
AMA Shah S, Shinde S, Jain P. Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. Kasım 2024;7(6):1216-1227. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1452683
Chicago Shah, Sakshi, Sandeep Shinde, ve Pooja Jain. “Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals With Scapular Dyskinesia”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7, sy. 6 (Kasım 2024): 1216-27. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1452683.
EndNote Shah S, Shinde S, Jain P (01 Kasım 2024) Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7 6 1216–1227.
IEEE S. Shah, S. Shinde, ve P. Jain, “Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, c. 7, sy. 6, ss. 1216–1227, 2024, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1452683.
ISNAD Shah, Sakshi vd. “Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals With Scapular Dyskinesia”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7/6 (Kasım 2024), 1216-1227. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1452683.
JAMA Shah S, Shinde S, Jain P. Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. 2024;7:1216–1227.
MLA Shah, Sakshi vd. “Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals With Scapular Dyskinesia”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, c. 7, sy. 6, 2024, ss. 1216-27, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1452683.
Vancouver Shah S, Shinde S, Jain P. Effect of Structured Core Stabilization Exercise Program on Pain and Muscle Performance in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. 2024;7(6):1216-27.


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