Investigation of the energy (biogas) production from co-digestion of organic waste materials

Yıl 2018, , 68 - 75, 20.10.2018

Aniekan Ikpe , Patric Ebunilo John Okovido

https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.417498

Öz

Biogas production rate was investigated from the co-digestion of 39 kg each of food waste, cow dung and water; 39 kg each of food waste, poultry droppings and water as well as 39 kg each of food waste, fruit waste and water in 43 litres plastic digester setup. Although organic waste mix ratios with higher moisture content can influence decomposition rate, HRT and biogas yield, 1:1:1 mix ratio was used in this investigation. The total rate of biogas produced from the co-digestion of food waste with poultry droppings and water (39 kg) in the ratio of 1:1:1 was 4120 g of raw biogas and 3700 g of purified biogas within with Hydraulic Retention Time 32 days, whereas, the co-digestion of food waste with cow dung and water (39 kg) in the same 1:1:1 ratio yielded a total raw biogas of 5830 g and 4920 g of purified biogas with HRT of 35 days. However, co-digestion of food waste with fruit waster and water (39 kg) in the same ratio yielded a total raw biogas of 5010 g and purified biogas 4330 g with HRT of 33 days. Raw biogas produced from each organic feedstock was channelled through a scrubbing unit comprising distilled water and Type B silica gel. After the raw biogas had passed through the distilled water stream, its pH dropped drastically from neutral range to ultra-acidic range (7-3.2), while it also had milky color and sour taste, indicating the presence of carbonic acid (H2CO3) as a result of carbon dioxide (content in the raw biogas) dissolution in the distilled water. Color of the Type B silica gel changed from crystal pink to crystal blue, indicating the absorption of water content in the biogas by silica gel particles. Organic waste is a renewable energy resource that can offset Nigeria’s increasing demand for energy if harnessed and processed into cooking gas and organic fertilizers before disposal, in which case can also prevent Green House Gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Food waste, Co-digestion, biogas production, Renewable energy

Kaynakça

• [1] http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/benins-energy-supply-depends-fire-wood-and-smuggled-petrol-nigeria
• [2] http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/Issues/OtherIssues/True-Cost-Electricty-Generation.html
• [3] Onoja, A. O., Idoko, O., 2012, “Econometric Analysis of Factors Influencing Fuel Wood Demand in Rural and Peri-Urban Farm Households of Kogi State”, Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1), 115-127.
• [4] Adamu, C. O., Alarima, C. I., 2013, “Perceived Effect of Fuelwood Utilization on Climate Change by Rural Dwellers in Northwestern Nigeria”, American Journal of Human Ecology, 2(2), 54-59.
• [5] Otun, T. F., Ojo, O. M., Ajibade, F. O., Babatola, J. O., 2015, “Evaluation Of Biogas Production From The Digestion And Co-digestion Of Animal Waste, Food Waste And Fruit Waste”, International Journal of Energy and Environmental Research, 3(3), 12-24.
• [6] Ukpabi, C., Ndukwe, O., Okoro, O., John, I., Eti, P., 2017, “The Production of Biogas Using Cow Dung and Food Waste”, International Journal of Materials and Chemistry, 7(2), 21-24.
• [7] Alemayehu, G., Abile, T., 2014, “Co-Digestion of Ethiopian Food Waste with Cow Dung for Biogas Production”, International Journal of Research (IJR), 1(7), 475-500.
• [8] Leta, D., Solomon, L., Chavan, R. B., Daniel, M., Anbessa, D., 2015, “Production of Biogas from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes Mixed with Different Wastes”, Environment and Ecology Research, 3(3), 65-71.
• [9] Olmedo, C., Gomez, A., Cartagena, R., 2014, “Energetic performance of landfill and digester biogas in a domestic cooker” Journal of Applied Energy, 134, 301-308.
• [10] NSDBS National Standard of the People’s Republic of China on Domestic Biogas Stove: GB/T 3606-2001, 2001, State General Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s of Republic of China (AQSIQ), No. 9, Madian Donglu Haidian, District Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China.
• [11] Bureau of Indian Standards, 2002 “Biogas stove-specification, second revision”, Bureau of Indian Standards, BIS: IS 8749: 2002, Manak Bhavan, New Delhi, India.
• [12] Itodo, I., Agyro, E., Yusuf, P., 2007, “Performance evaluation of a biogas stove for cooking in Nigeria”, Journal of Energy Southern Africa, 18(3), 14–8.
• [13] http://www.toolkit.bc.ca/success-story/hartland-landfill-gas-utilization-project
• [14] http://www.big-eu/info_biogas.html
• [15] Lijun, Z., Jiancheng, S., Chuanyang, L., Yunguang, G., Pulong, G., Binni, Q., Linyan, L., 2014, “Preferential policies promote municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy in China: Current status and prospects” Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36,135–148.
• [16] Tester, J. F., Drake, E. M., Driscoll, M. J., Golay, M. W., Peters W. A., 2005, “Sustainable Energy-Choosing Among Option”, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi-110001.
• [17] Seadi, T., Rutz, D., Prassl, H., Kottner, M., Finsterwalder, T., Volk, S. Janssen, R., 2008, “Biogas Handbook”, University of Southern Denmark Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 9-10, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
• [18] Rawson, M., Sethi, P., Spiegel, L., Hope, L., Oglesby, R., 2012, “Removal of Siloxane and H2s from Biogas using Microwave Energy” Sacramento Municipal Utility District, North California, California Energy Commission.
• [19] Arnold, M., 2009, Reduction and monitoring of biogas trace compounds. VTT, Vuorimiehentie 3, PL 1000, 02044 VTT and VTT, Bergsmansvagen 3, PB 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
• [20] http://www.methanetomarkets.org/partners/nigeria.aspx