HAVALİMANI ŞEHRİ MODELİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 178 - 188, 28.02.2020

Meltem Akca

https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.688454

Cited By: 3

Öz

Havacılık sektörünün gelişimi, havalimanı yapılanmalarını etkilemektedir. Serbestleşme akımları ve küreselleşme olgusu havalimanı sahipliklerini de çeşitlendirmektedir. Havalimanlarını özelleştirme yaklaşımlarının önem kazanması da havalimanı işleticilerini gelir artışı sağlayacak yeni iş modellerine yönlendirmektedir. Bu kapsamda havalimanı şehri modeli, merkezde havalimanı faaliyetlerinin bulunduğu ve çevresinin ilgili endüstri dalları ile şehirleştiği bir yapılanmayı tanımlamaktadır. Havalimanı gelirlerinin havacılık ve havacılık harici gelirlerden meydana geldiği göz önüne alındığında, havalimanı şehirlerinde havacılık harici gelirlerin maksimizasyonu da önem arz etmektedir. Havacılık sektörünün sürekli büyüyen cazip bir pazar olması, sektör oyuncuları arasında rekabet unsurunu ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Havalimanlarının ticarileştirilmesi faaliyetleri meydanlar ve havalimanı şehirleri arasındaki rekabeti de etkilemektedir. Geleneksel yaklaşıma göre havalimanlarının birincil müşterileri havayolu firmalarıdır. Yolcular ise ikincil müşteriler olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Havalimanı şehri yaklaşımında ise hem havayolu işletmeleri hem de yolcular-karşılayanlar-geçirenler-ziyaretçiler ve çalışanlar havalimanı müşteri grubu içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle havalimanı şehri modelinde konaklama tesisleri, yaşam alanları, alış-veriş merkezleri gibi pek çok gelir arttırıcı birim bulunmaktadır. Modelde, endüstri ve sosyal donatı alanlarının çeşitlenmesi ile bölgesel cazibe artış göstererek havayolu taşımacılık faaliyetlerine yönelik talep de genişlemektedir. Bu çalışmada havalimanı şehri modeli ele alınmış ve kavramsal bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Havalimanı şehri modelinin sürdürülebilir başarı sağlaması için önem arz eden konular irdelenmiştir. Son olarak İstanbul Havalimanı’nın havalimanı şehri olarak ele alınması için ihtiyaç duyulan unsurlar önerilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Havalimanı, Havalimanı Şehri, İş Modeli, Kentleşme

AIRPORT CITY MODEL

Öz

The development of the aviation industry affects airport structures. Liberalization currents and the phenomenon of globalization also diversify airport ownership. The importance of the privatization approaches of airports also leads airport operators to new business models that will increase their income. In this context, the airport city model defines a structure in which airport activities are located in the center and its environment is urbanized with the related industry branches. Given that airport revenues consist of aviation and non-aviation revenues, maximization of non-aviation revenues is also important in airport cities. The fact that the aviation industry is an ever-growing attractive market brings the element of competition among the sector players to the fore. The commercialization activities of airports also affect competition between airports and airport cities. According to the traditional approach, the primary customers of the airports are airline companies. Passengers stand out as secondary customers. In the airport city approach, both airline companies and passengers-greeters-visitors and employees are included in the airport customer group. For this reason, there are many income increasing units in the airport city model such as accommodation facilities, living areas, and shopping centers. In the model, the demand for airline transportation activities is expanding by increasing the regional attraction with the diversification of industry and social reinforcement areas. In this study, the airport city model is discussed and evaluated from a conceptual point of view. Important issues were discussed for the sustainable success of the airport city model. Finally, the elements needed to treat Istanbul Airport as an airport city are proposed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Airport, Airport City, Business Model, Urbanization

Kaynakça

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