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Chemical composition of the essential oil of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. subsp. longicaulis

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 248 - 257, 26.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1086904

Abstract

In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Thymus longicaulis subsp. longicaulis naturally grown in Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC-MS and chemical differences in terms of chemotaxonomy were discussed. The main compounds in the essential oils of T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis essential oils were 1,8-cineole (30.1%), linalool (18.0%), β-pinene (17.3%) and (E)-β-ocimene (%12.6%) Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed by examining essential oil studies of 34 samples belonging to the genus Thymus, including the Sinop sample. The results of the study were discussed with other taxa belonging to the genus.

References

  • Azaz, A.D., Irtem, H.A., Kurkcuoǧlu, M., & Baser, K.H.C. (2004). Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of some Thymus species. Z Naturforsch C., 59(1-2), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-1-216
  • Badi, H. N., Yazdani, D., Ali, S. M., & Nazari, F. (2004). Effects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quality/quantity of oil in thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. Ind Crop Prod., 19(3), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.005
  • Baser, K. H. C., Özek, T., & Tümen, G. (1992a). Essential oils of Thymus cariensis and Thymus haussknechtii, two endemic species in Turkey. J Essent Oil Res., 4(6), 659-661. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698156
  • Baser, K. H. C., Kirimer, N., Özek, T., Kürkçüoglu, M., & Tümen, G. (1992b). The Essential Oil of Thymus leucostomus var. argillacells. J Essent Oil Res., 4(4), 421-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698096
  • Baser, K. H. C., Özek, T., Kürkcüoglu, M., Tümen, G., & Yildiz, B. (1999). Composition of the Essential Oils of Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen var. gypsaceus Jalas and Thymus pubescens Boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak var. cratericola Jalas. J Essent Oil Res., 11(6), 776-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9712018
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey (past and present). Publication of the istanbul University, 312.
  • Bektaş, E., Serdar, G., Sokmen, M., & Sokmen, A. (2016(1)). Biological activities of extracts and essential oil of Thymus transcaucasicus ronniger. J Essent Oil Bear Pl., 19(2), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.895208
  • Bektaş, E., Daferera, D., Sökmen, M., Serdar, G., Ertürk, M., Polissiou, M. G., & Sökmen, A. (2016(2)). In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts from Thymus nummularis M. Bieb. Indian J Tradit Know., 15(3), 403-410.
  • Benmoussa, H., Elfalleh, W., Farhat, A., Bachoual, R., Nasfi, Z., & Romdhane, M. (2016). Effect of extraction methods on kinetic, chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Tunisian Thymus vulgaris. L. essential oil. Sep Sci Technol., 51(13), 2145-2152. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1201507
  • Carrasco, A., Tomas, V., Tudela, J., & Miguel, M. G. (2016). Comparative study of GC‐MS characterization, antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibition of different species of Lavandula and Thymus essential oils. Flavour Frag J., 31(1), 57 69. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3283
  • Checcucci, A., Maida, I., Bacci, G., Ninno, C., Bilia, A.R., Biffi, S., ..., & Mengoni, A. (2017). Is the plant-associated microbiota of Thymus spp. adapted to plant essential oil?. Res Microbiol., 168(3), 276-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2016.11.004
  • Cheng, S.S., Liu, J.Y., Hsui, Y.R., & Chang, S.T. (2006). Chemical polymorphism and antifungal activity of essential oils from leaves of different provenances of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum). Bioresource Technol., 97(2), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.030
  • Chorianopoulos, N., Kalpoutzakis, E., Aligiannis, N., Mitaku, S., Nychas, G.J., & Haroutounian, S.A. (2004). Essential oils of Satureja, Origanum, and Thymus species: chemical composition and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens. J Agr Food Chem., 52(26), 8261-8267. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049113i
  • Davis, P.H. (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Univ. Press, Edinburgh 7, 378.
  • De Martino, L., Bruno, M., Formisano, C., De Feo, V., Napolitano, F., Rosselli, S., & Senatore, F. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from two species of Thymus growing wild in southern Italy. Molecules, 14(11), 4614-4624. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14114614
  • Elkiran, O., & Avsar, C. (2020). Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of endemic Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen. Bangl J Bot., 49(4), 957-965. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52505
  • Gortzi, O., Lala, S., Chinou, I., & Tsaknis, J. (2007). Evaluation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Origanum dictamnus extracts before and after encapsulation in liposomes. Molecules, 12(5), 932-945. https://doi.org/10.3390/12050932
  • Grujic J.S., Marin, P. D., Dzamic, A., & Ristic, M. (2009). Essential oil composition of Thymus longicaulis from Serbia. Chem Nat Compd., 45(2), 265 266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9282-5
  • Harley, R.M. (2012). Checklist and key of genera and species of the Lamiaceae of the Brazilian Amazon. Rodriguésia, 63(1), 129-144.
  • Hossain, M.A., Alrashdi, Y.B.A., & Al-Touby, S. (2022). A review on essential oil analyses and biological activities of the traditionally used medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 9(1), 103 111. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1029080
  • Jaradat, N., Adwan, L., K’aibni, S., Shraim, N., & Zaid, A.N. (2016). Chemical composition, anthelmintic, antibacterial and antioxidant effects of Thymus bovei essential oil. Bmc Complem Altern M., 16(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1408-2
  • Jarrahi, A., Moharramipour, S., & Imani, S. (2016). Chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Thymus daenensis against two stored product pests. J. Crop Prot., 5(2), 243-250. 10.18869/modares.jcp.5.2.243
  • Jemaa, M.B., Falleh, H., Neves, M.A., Isoda, H., Nakajima, M., & Ksouri, R. (2017). Quality preservation of deliberately contaminated milk using thyme free and nanoemulsified essential oils. Food chem., 217, 726-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.030
  • Khadir, A., Sobeh, M., Gad, H.A., Benbelaid, F., Bendahou, M., Peixoto, H., ..., & Wink, M. (2016). Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from Thymus lanceolatus. Z Naturforsch C., 71(5-6), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2016-0005
  • Kilic, O., & Bagci, E. (2016). Chemical Composition of Two Endemic Centaurea L. Taxa from Turkey, A Chemotaxonomic Approach. J Essent Oil Bear Pl., 19(1), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.885315
  • Kuštrak, D., Martinis, Z., Kuftinec, J., & Blažević, N. (1990). Composition of the essential oils of some Thymus and Thymbra species. Flavour Frag J., 5(4), 227-231. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730050408
  • Lemos, M.F., Lemos, M.F., Pacheco, H.P., Guimarães, A.C., Fronza, M., Endringer, D.C., & Scherer, R. (2017). Seasonal variation affects the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Thymus vulgaris. Ind Crop Prod., 95, 543-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.008
  • Maciel, M.S.P., Reis, A.S., & Fidelis, Q.C. (2022). Antileishmanial potential of species from the family Lamiaceae: chemical and biological aspects of non-volatile compounds. Acta Trop., 106309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106309
  • Myszka, K., Schmidt, M.T., Majcher, M., Juzwa, W., Olkowicz, M., & Czaczyk, K. (2016). Inhibition of quorum sensing-related biofilm of Pseudomonas fluorescens KM121 by Thymus vulgare essential oil and its major bioactive compounds. Int Biodeter Biodegr., 114,252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.07.006
  • Özgüven, M., & Tansi, S. (1998). Drug yield and essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. as in influenced by ecological and ontogenetical variation. Turk J Agric For., 22(6), 537-542.
  • Napoli, E.M., Curcuruto, G., & Ruberto, G. (2010). Screening of the essential oil composition of wild Sicilian thyme. Biochem Syst Ecol., 38(4), 816 822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2010.08.008
  • Penalver, P., Huerta, B., Borge, C., Astorga, R., Romero, R., & Perea, A. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of five essential oils against origin strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Apmis, 113(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm1130101.x
  • Petrovic, N.V., Petrovic, S.S., Ristic, M.S., Dzamic, A.M., & Ciric, A.D. (2016). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. polytrichus essential oil from Serbia. Rec. Nat. Prod., 10(5), 633.
  • Petrović, S., Ušjak, L., Milenković, M., Arsenijević, J., Drobac, M., Drndarević, A., & Niketić, M. (2017). Thymus dacicus as a new source of antioxidant and antimicrobial metabolites. J Funct Food., 28, 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.007
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Ozer, M. S., Eskici, M., Tepe, B., Can, Ş., & Mete, E. (2010). Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl subsp. longicaulis var. longicaulis. Food Chem Toxicol., 48(7), 1801 1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.009
  • Tohidi, B., Rahimmalek, M., & Arzani, A. (2017). Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran. Food Chem., 220, 153 161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.203
  • Tümen, G., Ermin, N., Kürkçüoglu, M., & Baser, K.H.C. (1997). Essential oil of Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen. var. leucostomus. J Essent Oil Res., 9(2), 229-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9699467
  • Vaičiulytė, V., Ložienė, K., Taraškevičius, R., & Butkienė, R. (2017). Variation of essential oil composition of Thymus pulegioides in relation to soil chemistry. Ind Crop Prod., 95, 422-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.10.052
  • Vladimir-Knežević, S., Kosalec, I., Babac, M., Petrović, M., Ralić, J., Matica, B., & Blažeković, B. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl essential oil against respiratory pathogens. Cent Eur J Biol., 7(6), 1109 1115. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0088-2
  • Vitali, L.A., Dall’Acqua, S., Maggi, F., Martonfi, P., Papa, F., Petrelli, D., ..., & Lupidi, G. (2017). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from the Carpathian Thymus alternans Klokov. Nat Prod Res., 31(10), 1121 1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1224874

Chemical composition of the essential oil of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. subsp. longicaulis

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 248 - 257, 26.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1086904

Abstract

In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Thymus longicaulis subsp. longicaulis naturally grown in Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC-MS and chemical differences in terms of chemotaxonomy were discussed. The main compounds in the essential oils of T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis essential oils were 1,8-cineole (30.1%), linalool (18.0%), β-pinene (17.3%) and (E)-β-ocimene (%12.6%) Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed by examining essential oil studies of 34 samples belonging to the genus Thymus, including the Sinop sample. The results of the study were discussed with other taxa belonging to the genus.

References

  • Azaz, A.D., Irtem, H.A., Kurkcuoǧlu, M., & Baser, K.H.C. (2004). Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of some Thymus species. Z Naturforsch C., 59(1-2), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-1-216
  • Badi, H. N., Yazdani, D., Ali, S. M., & Nazari, F. (2004). Effects of spacing and harvesting time on herbage yield and quality/quantity of oil in thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. Ind Crop Prod., 19(3), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.005
  • Baser, K. H. C., Özek, T., & Tümen, G. (1992a). Essential oils of Thymus cariensis and Thymus haussknechtii, two endemic species in Turkey. J Essent Oil Res., 4(6), 659-661. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698156
  • Baser, K. H. C., Kirimer, N., Özek, T., Kürkçüoglu, M., & Tümen, G. (1992b). The Essential Oil of Thymus leucostomus var. argillacells. J Essent Oil Res., 4(4), 421-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698096
  • Baser, K. H. C., Özek, T., Kürkcüoglu, M., Tümen, G., & Yildiz, B. (1999). Composition of the Essential Oils of Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen var. gypsaceus Jalas and Thymus pubescens Boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak var. cratericola Jalas. J Essent Oil Res., 11(6), 776-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9712018
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey (past and present). Publication of the istanbul University, 312.
  • Bektaş, E., Serdar, G., Sokmen, M., & Sokmen, A. (2016(1)). Biological activities of extracts and essential oil of Thymus transcaucasicus ronniger. J Essent Oil Bear Pl., 19(2), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.895208
  • Bektaş, E., Daferera, D., Sökmen, M., Serdar, G., Ertürk, M., Polissiou, M. G., & Sökmen, A. (2016(2)). In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts from Thymus nummularis M. Bieb. Indian J Tradit Know., 15(3), 403-410.
  • Benmoussa, H., Elfalleh, W., Farhat, A., Bachoual, R., Nasfi, Z., & Romdhane, M. (2016). Effect of extraction methods on kinetic, chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Tunisian Thymus vulgaris. L. essential oil. Sep Sci Technol., 51(13), 2145-2152. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1201507
  • Carrasco, A., Tomas, V., Tudela, J., & Miguel, M. G. (2016). Comparative study of GC‐MS characterization, antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibition of different species of Lavandula and Thymus essential oils. Flavour Frag J., 31(1), 57 69. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3283
  • Checcucci, A., Maida, I., Bacci, G., Ninno, C., Bilia, A.R., Biffi, S., ..., & Mengoni, A. (2017). Is the plant-associated microbiota of Thymus spp. adapted to plant essential oil?. Res Microbiol., 168(3), 276-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2016.11.004
  • Cheng, S.S., Liu, J.Y., Hsui, Y.R., & Chang, S.T. (2006). Chemical polymorphism and antifungal activity of essential oils from leaves of different provenances of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum). Bioresource Technol., 97(2), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.030
  • Chorianopoulos, N., Kalpoutzakis, E., Aligiannis, N., Mitaku, S., Nychas, G.J., & Haroutounian, S.A. (2004). Essential oils of Satureja, Origanum, and Thymus species: chemical composition and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens. J Agr Food Chem., 52(26), 8261-8267. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049113i
  • Davis, P.H. (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Univ. Press, Edinburgh 7, 378.
  • De Martino, L., Bruno, M., Formisano, C., De Feo, V., Napolitano, F., Rosselli, S., & Senatore, F. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from two species of Thymus growing wild in southern Italy. Molecules, 14(11), 4614-4624. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14114614
  • Elkiran, O., & Avsar, C. (2020). Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of endemic Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen. Bangl J Bot., 49(4), 957-965. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52505
  • Gortzi, O., Lala, S., Chinou, I., & Tsaknis, J. (2007). Evaluation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Origanum dictamnus extracts before and after encapsulation in liposomes. Molecules, 12(5), 932-945. https://doi.org/10.3390/12050932
  • Grujic J.S., Marin, P. D., Dzamic, A., & Ristic, M. (2009). Essential oil composition of Thymus longicaulis from Serbia. Chem Nat Compd., 45(2), 265 266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9282-5
  • Harley, R.M. (2012). Checklist and key of genera and species of the Lamiaceae of the Brazilian Amazon. Rodriguésia, 63(1), 129-144.
  • Hossain, M.A., Alrashdi, Y.B.A., & Al-Touby, S. (2022). A review on essential oil analyses and biological activities of the traditionally used medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 9(1), 103 111. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1029080
  • Jaradat, N., Adwan, L., K’aibni, S., Shraim, N., & Zaid, A.N. (2016). Chemical composition, anthelmintic, antibacterial and antioxidant effects of Thymus bovei essential oil. Bmc Complem Altern M., 16(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1408-2
  • Jarrahi, A., Moharramipour, S., & Imani, S. (2016). Chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Thymus daenensis against two stored product pests. J. Crop Prot., 5(2), 243-250. 10.18869/modares.jcp.5.2.243
  • Jemaa, M.B., Falleh, H., Neves, M.A., Isoda, H., Nakajima, M., & Ksouri, R. (2017). Quality preservation of deliberately contaminated milk using thyme free and nanoemulsified essential oils. Food chem., 217, 726-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.030
  • Khadir, A., Sobeh, M., Gad, H.A., Benbelaid, F., Bendahou, M., Peixoto, H., ..., & Wink, M. (2016). Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from Thymus lanceolatus. Z Naturforsch C., 71(5-6), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2016-0005
  • Kilic, O., & Bagci, E. (2016). Chemical Composition of Two Endemic Centaurea L. Taxa from Turkey, A Chemotaxonomic Approach. J Essent Oil Bear Pl., 19(1), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.885315
  • Kuštrak, D., Martinis, Z., Kuftinec, J., & Blažević, N. (1990). Composition of the essential oils of some Thymus and Thymbra species. Flavour Frag J., 5(4), 227-231. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730050408
  • Lemos, M.F., Lemos, M.F., Pacheco, H.P., Guimarães, A.C., Fronza, M., Endringer, D.C., & Scherer, R. (2017). Seasonal variation affects the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Thymus vulgaris. Ind Crop Prod., 95, 543-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.008
  • Maciel, M.S.P., Reis, A.S., & Fidelis, Q.C. (2022). Antileishmanial potential of species from the family Lamiaceae: chemical and biological aspects of non-volatile compounds. Acta Trop., 106309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106309
  • Myszka, K., Schmidt, M.T., Majcher, M., Juzwa, W., Olkowicz, M., & Czaczyk, K. (2016). Inhibition of quorum sensing-related biofilm of Pseudomonas fluorescens KM121 by Thymus vulgare essential oil and its major bioactive compounds. Int Biodeter Biodegr., 114,252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.07.006
  • Özgüven, M., & Tansi, S. (1998). Drug yield and essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. as in influenced by ecological and ontogenetical variation. Turk J Agric For., 22(6), 537-542.
  • Napoli, E.M., Curcuruto, G., & Ruberto, G. (2010). Screening of the essential oil composition of wild Sicilian thyme. Biochem Syst Ecol., 38(4), 816 822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2010.08.008
  • Penalver, P., Huerta, B., Borge, C., Astorga, R., Romero, R., & Perea, A. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of five essential oils against origin strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Apmis, 113(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm1130101.x
  • Petrovic, N.V., Petrovic, S.S., Ristic, M.S., Dzamic, A.M., & Ciric, A.D. (2016). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. polytrichus essential oil from Serbia. Rec. Nat. Prod., 10(5), 633.
  • Petrović, S., Ušjak, L., Milenković, M., Arsenijević, J., Drobac, M., Drndarević, A., & Niketić, M. (2017). Thymus dacicus as a new source of antioxidant and antimicrobial metabolites. J Funct Food., 28, 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.007
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Ozer, M. S., Eskici, M., Tepe, B., Can, Ş., & Mete, E. (2010). Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl subsp. longicaulis var. longicaulis. Food Chem Toxicol., 48(7), 1801 1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.009
  • Tohidi, B., Rahimmalek, M., & Arzani, A. (2017). Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran. Food Chem., 220, 153 161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.203
  • Tümen, G., Ermin, N., Kürkçüoglu, M., & Baser, K.H.C. (1997). Essential oil of Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen. var. leucostomus. J Essent Oil Res., 9(2), 229-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9699467
  • Vaičiulytė, V., Ložienė, K., Taraškevičius, R., & Butkienė, R. (2017). Variation of essential oil composition of Thymus pulegioides in relation to soil chemistry. Ind Crop Prod., 95, 422-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.10.052
  • Vladimir-Knežević, S., Kosalec, I., Babac, M., Petrović, M., Ralić, J., Matica, B., & Blažeković, B. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl essential oil against respiratory pathogens. Cent Eur J Biol., 7(6), 1109 1115. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0088-2
  • Vitali, L.A., Dall’Acqua, S., Maggi, F., Martonfi, P., Papa, F., Petrelli, D., ..., & Lupidi, G. (2017). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from the Carpathian Thymus alternans Klokov. Nat Prod Res., 31(10), 1121 1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1224874
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ömer Elkıran 0000-0003-1933-4003

Early Pub Date August 24, 2022
Publication Date September 26, 2022
Submission Date March 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Elkıran, Ö. (2022). Chemical composition of the essential oil of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. subsp. longicaulis. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 9(3), 248-257. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1086904
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

e-ISSN: 2148-6905