General perceptions and information sources of people in Turkey in the process of Covid-19 outbreak

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 129 - 140, 30.04.2021

Zakir Avşar , Emrah Ayaşlıoğlu , Ömer Faruk Zararsız , Can Ozan Tuncer

https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.838429

Cited By: 1

Öz

This study is an attempt to define and explain the main information sources people applied to access more information during the Covid-19 pandemic process. Based on the findings of the field study, the study also aims to reveal the general perception of Turkish people towards the outbreak. According to the findings of the survey, conducted on 6021 people over 18 years old in 26 provinces in Turkey, people living in these provinces rely on information provided by the official authorities mostly and their perception towards the outbreak changed significantly both by the perceived proximity of the Covid-19 threat and flow of reliable information.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Outbreak Perception, Covid-19 Strategies, Turkish Media and Covid-19

Kaynakça

• Abramson, D. and Piltch-Loeb, R. (2016). “U.S. Public’s Perception of Zika Risk: Awareness, Knowledge, and Receptivity to Public Health Interventions. New York University, https://www.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu/publicAffairs/documents/PDF/research/PiR2_Zika_Report_rf.pdf [Accessed: 27.03.2020].
• Adair, J. (2013). Etkili Stratejik Liderlik. (F. Beşenek, Trans.) İstanbul: Babıali Kültür Yayıncılığı.
• Allen, M. B. and Mirsaeidi, M. (2020). ‘Health and Economy in COVID-19 Era: A Plan for Reconstituting Long-Term Economic Security’. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 235. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00235.
• Birnbaum, J. H. (2002). ‘Clinton’s Defender is Playing Defense’. Fortune, 96.
• Bovet, A. and Makse, H. (2019). ‘Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election’. Nature Communications, 1(10), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2
• Budak, G. and Budak, G. (1995). Halkla İlişkiler. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
• CNN Turk. (2020). Ankara'da kritik koronavirüs toplantısı sona erdi. https://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/son-dakika-ankarada-kritik-koronavirus-toplantisi-sona-erdi [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Deutsche Welle. (2020). Çin'den Türkiye'ye uçuşlar ay sonuna kadar durduruldu. https://www.dw.com/tr/%C3%A7inden-t%C3%BCrkiyeye-u%C3%A7u%C5%9Flar-ay-sonuna-kadar-durduruldu/a-52243626 [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Haberturk. (2020). Koronavirüs riskine karşı durdurulan uçuşlar. https://www.haberturk.com/koronavirus-riskine-karsi-durdurulan-ucuslar-2623940 [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Hamit, D. and Güler, S., (2020). Turkey will use all means to eliminate coronavirus. Anadolu Agency. URL: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/turkey-will-use-all-means-to-eliminate-coronavirus/1770969 [Accessed: 16.04.2020].
• Hürriyet. (2020). 65 yaş üstüne sokağa çıkma yasağı! İçişleri Bakanlığı duyurdu. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dakika-haberi-icisleri-bakanligi-duyurdu-65-yas-ustune-disari-cikma-sinirlandirildi-41474569 [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• K., K. D., Yoo, J. and Johnson, T. (2018). Spreading Ebola Panic: Newspaper and Social Media Coverage of the 2014 Ebola Health Crisis. Health Communication, 1(7), 1-7. DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1437524
• Karadağ, K. (2020). Türkiye'nin koronavirüsle mücadelesinde son 24 saatte yaşananlar. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/koronavirus/turkiyenin-koronavirusle-mucadelesinde-son-24-saatte-yasananlar/1791816 [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Karadağ, A. and Gemici, O. O. (2020). Turkey begins implementing new COVID-19 measures, Anadolu Agency. URL: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/turkey-begins-implementing-new-covid-19-measures-/1791878. [Accessed: 2.05.2020].
• Kazancı, M. (2019). Kamuda ve Özel Kuruluşlarda Halkla İlişkiler (12 b.). Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
• Khosravi, M. (2020). Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Public Worry and Trust. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 4(17). DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7856
• Kowalski, K. M., Mallet, L. and Brnich, M. (1996). Leadership Characteristics in Escape from Three Underground Mine Fires. The International Emergency Management and Engineering Conference (s. 317-326). Montreal: The International Emergency Management.
• Luecke, R. (2008). Kriz Yönetimi. (Ö. Sarıkaya, Trans.) İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
• Lunn, P., Ireland, D., Belton, C., Lavin, C., McGowan, F., Timmons, S. and Robertson, D. (2020). ‘Using Behavioral Science to Help Fight the Coronavirus: A Rapid, Narrative Review’. Journal of Behavioral Public Administration, 1(3), 1-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30636/jbpa.31.147
• McKee, M. and Stuckler, D. (2020). ‘If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future’. Nature Medicine, 26(5), 640-642. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0863-y. Ministry of Interior. (n.d.). Mission. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior: http://mia.gov.tr/mission [Accessed: 12.09.2020].
• Ministry of Interior. (2020a). 2 Gün Sokağa Çıkma Yasağı. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/2-gun-sokaga-cikma-yasagi [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Ministry of Interior. (2020b). 30 Büyükşehir ve Zonguldak İlinde 23-24-25-26 Nisan Tarihlerinde Uygulanacak Sokağa Çıkma Kısıtlaması. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/30-buyuksehir-ve-zonguldak-ilinde-23-24-25-26-nisan-tarihlerinde-uygulanacak-sokaga-cikma-kisitlamasi [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Ministry of Interior Dept. of Internal Security Strategies. (n.d.). Hakkımızda https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/icguvenlik/hakkimizda [Accesed: 12.09.2020].
• Nethaber. (2020). Reyting verileri açıklandı! Bakan Koca rekor kırdı. https://www.nethaber.com/gundem/reyting-verileri-aciklandi-bakan-koca-rekor-kirdi-20045 [Accessed: 6.05.2020].
• Ntv. (2020). İçişleri Bakanlığı'ndan genelge: Güzellik salonu, berber ve kuaförler kapanıyor. https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/icisler-bakanligindan-genelge-guzellik-salonu-berber-ve-kuaforler-kapaniyor,xjU0IisJXkGY9-D23thsog [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Oh, S.-H., Lee, S. and Han, C. (2020). The Effects of Social Media Use on Preventive Behaviors during Infectious Disease Outbreaks: The Mediating Role of Self-relevant Emotions and Public Risk Perception. Health Communication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1724639
• Pisano, G.P., Sadun, R. and Zanini, M. (2020). ‘Lessons from Italy’s Response to Coronavirus’, Harvard Business Review. URL: https://hbr.org/2020/03/lessons-from-italys-response-to-coronavirus. [Accessed: 27.03.2020].
• Satıcı, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E. and Satıcı, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1.
• Sözcü. (2020). Corona virüsü nedeniyle eğitime verilen ara 30 Nisan’a kadar uzatıldı. https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/son-dakika-saglik-bakani-koca-ve-milli-egitim-bakani-selcuktan-corona-aciklamasi-5702983/ [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Sputnik. (2020a). Umreden dönen 10 bin 330 kişi Ankara ve Konya'daki öğrenci yurtlarında karantinaya alındı. https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/202003151041598178-umreden-donenler-ankara-ve-konyadaki-yurtlarda-karantinaya-alindi/ [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Sputnik. (2020b). YÖK Başkanı: Üniversitelerde bahar döneminde yüz yüze eğitim yapılmayacak, YKS 25-26 Temmuz'a ertelendi. https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/202003261041691008-yok-baskani-universitelerde-bahar-doneminde-yuz-yuze-egitim-yapilmayacak-yks-ertelendi/ [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Sputnik. (2020c). Erdoğan, 'Milli Dayanışma Kampanyası'nı duyurdu: 7 aylık maaşımı bağışlayarak açıyorum. https://tr.sputniknews.com/turkiye/202003301041721380-cumhurbaskani-erdogan-aciklama-yapiyor/ [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• T24. (2020). Diyanet'ten Koronavirüs genelgesi: Cuma günü ve kandil gecesi camiler kapalı tutulacak. https://t24.com.tr/haber/diyanet-ten-koronavirus-genelgesi-cuma-gunu-ve-kandil-gecesi-camiler-kapali-tutulacak,867477 [Accessed: 26.04.2020].
• Tatar, M., Mollahaliloğlu, S., Şahin, B., Aydın, S., Maresso, A., and Hernández-Quevedo, C. (2011). Turkey: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition Vol. 13 No. 6.
• Trthaber (2020). COVID-19 sürecinde sosyal medya platformları atağa kalktı. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/bilim-teknoloji/covid-19-surecinde-sosyal-medya-platformlari-ataga-kalkti-482157.html [Accessed: 8.05.2012].
• UNESCO, (2020). Journalism, press freedom and COVID-19, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. URL: https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/unesco_covid_brief_en.pdf. [Accessed: 18.03.2020].
• Varan, G., (2020). Kovid-19 salgını televizyona ve haber kanallarına ilgiyi artırdı. Anadolu Agency. URL: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/koronavirus/kovid-19-salgini-televizyona-ve-haber-kanallarina-ilgiyi-artirdi/2051151 [Accessed: 22.11.2020].
• Winner, P. (1990). Effective PR Management, A Guide to Corporate Success. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Yener, D. (2020). Türkiye'nin koronavirüsle mücadele politikasına 'Bilim Kurulu' yön veriyor. https://web.archive.org/web/20200328180255/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/koronavirus/turkiyenin-koronavirusle-mucadele-politikasina-bilim-kurulu-yon-veriyor/1777215 [Accessed: 26.03.2020].
• Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Yang, L. and Wang, C. (2020). ‘Suspending classes without stopping learning: China’s education emergency management policy in the COVID-19 Outbreak’. J. Risk and Financial Management 13 (55).